Unit 1 UNIT 9 Language Structures Dialogue I Dialogue II Reading I Reading II Guided Writing Interaction Activity Listening Practice.

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2 Unit 1 UNIT 9 Language Structures Dialogue I Dialogue II Reading I Reading II Guided Writing Interaction Activity Listening Practice

3 Unit 1 Language Structure See the following sentences and pay attention to the grammar rules they use: 1.I wish I were a deep sea diver. 2. I wish I had been a good swimmer. 3. What would you say if you met a being from outer space? 4. Would you be a competent interpreter if you graduated tomorrow ?

4 Unit 1 虚拟语气 1. 定义： 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所 说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 2. 虚拟语气的应用： 1) 在条件句中的应用 (If 引导的条件从句 ) 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非 真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能 性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 （一）表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为： 从句： if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be 用 were) + …… 主句：主语 + would (should, could, might) + 动词原形 + …… E.g. If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.

5 Unit 1 （二）表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句： If + 主语 + had + 过去完成式动词 + …… 主句：主语 + would (should, could, might) + have + 过去完成式动 词 +… E.g. If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party. （三）表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 ( 对将来的事实实现 的可能性不大 ) 。其句子结构为： 从句： If + 主语 + should ( 或 were) + 动词原形 +…… 主句：主语 + would (could, should, might) + 动词原形 +…… E.g. If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way. If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished.

6 Unit 1 2) 在宾语从句中的应用 (wish + that 从句 ) 在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词 wish 后的宾语，常省去宾语从句的引导词 that 。 一）对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式 ( 时间上是同时的 ) 。 其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语 be 和 were (was) ，实义动词用 过去式。 E.g. 1. I wish (that 可省略, 下同 )I knew the answer to the question. 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were) 二）对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用 wish 表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的 谓语用过去完成时，或 would, could, might+ 现在完成时。 1. I wish I hadn't wasted so much time. 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 3. We wished he had spoken to us.

7 Unit 1 三）对将来情况的虚拟 ( 表示将来的主观愿望 ) ： 从句动词 "would/should/could/might + 动词原形 "( 时间上较 后 )( 请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同 ) 。用 wish 表示对将 来事情的愿望。 1. I wish it would stop raining.( 虚拟动词 would+ 动词原形 stop) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 四）注意： 1. 如果将 wish 改为过去式 wished, 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不 变。例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 2. 如果 that 从句中用 would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未 有所改变或请求 E.g. I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down.

8 Unit 1 A: What do you wish you were? B: I wish I were a deep sea diver. A: What would you do if you were one? B: I’d explore the secrets of the sea. Language Structure Practice 1 : Expressing a wish for something that is contrary to the present fact

9 Unit 1 A: I wish I’d been a good swimmer. B : Aren’t you one? I thought you were. A: No, I’m not. If I’d been a good swimmer, I could have saved the boy from drowning. Practice 2 : Expressing a wish for something that is contrary to the past fact Language Structure

10 Unit 1 A: What will you say if you meet an Englishman? B: I’ll say hello to him, of course. A: What would you say if you met a being from outer space? B: I wouldn’t know what to say to him. Practice 3 : Inquiring about information under a real or unreal condition Language Structure

11 Unit 1 A: What do you think you’ll do when graduate four years from now? B: I think I’ll be a competent interpreter. A: Would you be a competent interpreter if you graduated tomorrow? B: I’m afraid I wouldn’t. Practice 4 : Speculating about the future and making an assumption Language Structure

12 Unit 1 I Wish I Had a Robot Dialogue I  What do you know about clone technology (or robot)?  Are you worried about it?  Is it a blessing or is it a disaster?

13 Unit 1 Dialogue I 1) Why are robots good workers? 2) In what fields have robots worked wonders? 3) What is cyber-art, cyber entertainment, cyber-culture? How does it compare to human culture? 4) What kinds of jobs have greatly been replaced by robots? 5) In what ways are robots useful if we use them at home? 6) Are there any disadvantages in using robots? 7) What is the wise thing to do in handling robots? Questions Browse through the text, try to answer following questions. I Wish I Had a Robot

14 Unit 1 Dialogue I Please read the dialogue loudly with feeling and expression. Read I Wish I Had a Robot

15 Unit 1 Dialogue I Try to retell the content of the dialogue, following cues may help you. I Wish I Had a Robot

16 Unit 1 Language Points It’ll work with precision. 1 Dialogue I precision: n. Exactness; accuracy; definiteness. 精确；准确；确定。 precision instrument 精密仪器。 2 I’d make it work wonders. do [work] wonders 效果奇佳；收到意想不到的好效果。

17 Unit 1 Language Points You may call them “cyber-art” or “cyber-entertainment.” cyber cult( 网迷 ), 网虫 cyber café 网吧 cyber acquaintance 网友 cyber cast 网上播放 cyber chat 网上聊天 cyber citizen 网民 cyber college 网上大学 cyber commerce, e-business, electronic business 电子商务 3 Dialogue I

18 Unit 1 Language Points It’s so general and abstract. 4 Dialogue I n. 1. A summing-up of the principal parts of a book, article, etc; brief summary. ( 著作内容之 ) 摘要；节略；撮要。 2. An idea or term denoting something as viewed apart from the concrete. 抽象观念；抽象名词。 adj. 3. Considered apart from concrete facts or a real situation. 抽象的；非实在的。 abstract conceptions 抽象观念。 abstract noun 抽象名词 4. Expressing a quality thought of apart from any material or particular object. 抽象的。 Truth is an abstract word. 真理是个抽象字眼。

19 Unit 1 Language Points … humans the most varied, sophisticated, creative… Adj. 1)Not in a natural, pure or original state. 不自然的；不纯的 ；非天性的。 2)Deprived of native or original simplicity. 不质朴的；世故 的。 3)Complex, with latest improvements and refinements. 复杂 的；精密的；尖端的 5 Dialogue I

20 Unit 1 Language Points … such as radioactive contact. 6 1) Capable of spontaneously sending forth certain rays, such as beta rays. 有放射性的 2) idm: radioactive contamination 放射性 ( 物质 ) 污染。 radioactive dust 辐射尘 Dialogue I

21 Unit 1 Language Points It’d help me to cook meals, do the laundry… 7 Dialogue I ( 复数 : laundries) 1) An establishment where clothes are washed and ironed. 洗衣 店。 2) Articles sent to be washed. 送洗之衣物 3) phrase: do the laundry 8 I’ll do bodybuilding myself in the gym. 1) Gymnasium. 【口】体育馆 2) Gymnastics 体操

22 Unit 1 Language Points If not, I’d be done. 1) Completed 完成的 2) Cooked sufficiently. 煮熟的 3) Thoroughly fatigued. 倦极的；精疲力竭的 4) phrase: That isn't done. 这样作不行。 It's easier said than done. 说比做容易。 What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收；无可挽回。 9 Dialogue I

23 Unit 1 Language Points …to master the clone technology and duplicate human beings. 10 adj. Corresponding exactly with another. 一模一样的；复制的 E.g. There are many duplicate copies of this picture. n 复制品；极相似者。完全一样的复制本。 in duplicate 有副本的；两份的。 v.t. 1) To reproduce; make a copy or copies of. 复制；制复本。 E.g. Do you think you could duplicate that chocolate fudge cake? 2) To make double or twofold. 使加倍；使成双重。 E.g. duplicating machine 复印机。 n. duplicator: a machine, such as a mimeograph, that reproduces printed or written material. 复印机 Dialogue I

24 Unit 1 Language Points …before it would begin to manipulate me. 11 1)To influence or manage shrewdly or deviously: 巧妙地控制, 精明地或欺骗性的影响或控制 E.g. He manipulated public opinion in his favor. 2) To tamper with or falsify for personal gain: 操纵：为达到个人目的而进行的操作或欺诈 E.g. tried to manipulate stock prices. 试图操纵股票价格 to manipulate accounts 作假帐。 3) Medicine To handle and move in an examination or for therapeutic purposes: 【医学】 推拿，调整：在身体检查或治疗中进行推拿移动 4) manipulate a joint; manipulate the position of a fetus during delivery. 推拿关节；在分娩过程中调整胎儿的位置 Dialogue I

25 Unit 1 Language Points That’s very sensible. 12 1)Acting with or exhibiting good sense: 明智的； 有判断力 的 E.g. If you are sensible you will study for another year. 2) Perceptible by the senses or by the mind. 可觉察的；能注 意到的 E.g. He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他发觉他处 境危险 Dialogue I

26 Unit 1 Language Points Science is a sword with double blades. 13 1)The leaf a grass; the broad part of any leaf. 叶片。 2) The cutting of a knife or other instrument. 刀口；刃 3) Anything like the broad part of a knife. 任何扁平似刀片之物。 4) the blade of an oar 桨叶。 Dialogue I 14 …of its benefits and guard against any possible harm. v.i To take precautions 预防 : 警惕：采取预防措施： guard against infection. 预防传染

27 Unit 1 Practice expressions about showing the following kinds of feelings: 1.How to express worry or apprehension 2.Talking about disappointment 3.How to express your disappointment with something 4.How to express personal feelings of depression 5.Alarming thoughts. Feelings, Part 2-Worry, Apprehension, Disappointment Dialogue II Practice

28 Unit 1 Machines with Brains Reading I 1.What has been happening to industry over the last hundred years? 2.Predict what kind of changes will take place in the following fields in the next 50 years. --medicine --computer technology --education Questions

29 Unit 1 Machines with Brains Reading I Answer the following questions in order to understand the passage: 1)Did people have to look after machines hundreds of years ago? 2)What happened to industry about a hundred years ago? And what has been happening? 3)What is the operation of automatic machines based on? 4)By what is a central-heating oil-burner controlled? 5)What is related to the prefix thermo-? 6)What else can be controlled by a thermostat? 7)What happens when the bar in the mechanism of thermostat gets warm? 8)What is a machine with brains called? Questions

30 Unit 1 Machines with Brains Reading I Questions

31 Unit 1 Language Points 1 Dialogue I Machines have taken over much of the work… >> gain control over and responsibility for sth.; e.g. Who do you think will take over the company? I’m feeling tired to drive any more, will you take over?

32 Unit 1 Language Points mechanize & automate >> To equip, as an industry, with machines to replace manual labor. 机械化 ( 如工业以机器代替人工的作法 ) mechanized equipment 机器化设备。 >> To convert (machinery) to automatic operation. ( 使机器 ) 自动 化。 2 Dialogue I

33 Unit 1 Language Points So that people are not needed to attend them. To wait upon; care for, as a patient. 服侍；照顾 ( 病人 ) He is attended by the doctor. 他有医生照顾。 Which doctor is attending you? 哪位医生照料你？ To escort; accompany. 【正】护送；陪伴。 I will attend you to the theater. 我陪你到戏院。 To be present at. 到；出席。 He attended the meeting. 他出席会议。 3 Dialogue I

34 Unit 1 Language Points …in the control of a central- heating oil-burner, by a thermostat. 4 Dialogue I 1. An automatic apparatus for regulating temperature. 自动调温 器；恒温器。 thermo: prefix, concerning heat. E.g. thermometer/ nuclear/ plastic/ flask(bottle)dynamics

35 Unit 1 Language Points Completely automatic machinery is now used in oil refineries. A place where anything, as ore, oil, sugar, etc., is refined or made pure. 提炼厂；炼金厂；炼油厂；炼糖厂 ( 等 ) 。 5 Dialogue I

36 Unit 1 Language Points The catalyst is used, cleaned and used again. 1.A substance that starts or assists chemical reaction between two or more other substances without itself combining with either of them or undergoing any permanent change. 【化】触媒；接触剂；催化剂 (=catalyzer; catalytic agent) 。 2.Person or thing that precipitates a process or event without being involved. 促成者；催化物。 6 Dialogue I

37 Unit 1 I wish I Had Not Taken English as My Major Subject in the University Interaction Activities You have been learning English in Zhongshan college for a term and a half now, and of course, you are making great progress. Naturally you like English and you are determined to learn it well. Now suppose you changed your mind. Suppose you wish you had not taken English as your major subject of study. Then what subject or subjects would you have taken? Why?

38 Unit 1 Listening Practice Spelling Dictation A Dictation B Listening Comprehension

39 Unit 1 Spelling obediententertainmentduplicatescience currentautomaticfeedback Central- heating screwmachinerybrainregulate

40 Unit 1 Vending Machines Vending machines sell many different types of items. Some of them sell cold drinks like soda, or hot drinks like coffee or hot chocolate. Others sell candy, stamps, tickets, newspapers, and other types of small things. These machines have been successful for two reasons. They save time and they are convenient. Besides, they need no salesclerks or cashiers. In many places the customer can use the machines at any time of day or night. Although there are many different sizes and types of vending machines, they all work in basically the same way. The customer puts a coin into the machine and then pushes a button, pulls a lever, or opens a door to receive the merchandise. Some machines will also return change to the customer, and a few will make change for paper money. But the basic idea is the same. Customers like to save time and are usually willing to pay a higher price for this. Dictation A

41 Unit 1 The robot is with us already. Robot devices have appeared quite innocently and we are so familiar with them that we no longer even notice their existence. We drive along the road and we obey the signals given to us by the robot traffic signals which replace the policeman waving his arms. One thing that amuses foreigners is that the Englishman still obeys the signals given by these robots even if it is two o’clock in the morning when there is little or no traffic on the roads. In the kitchen the housewife passes on some of her chores to her robot washing machine and to her robot dish- washer. We make a telephone call to Europe, and the switching is completely handled by robots. In some cases programmes produced by a computer are being used to control the operation of machine tools in the factory. Dictation B

42 Unit 1 Judge the following sentences. 1.It is accurate to call a computer an electronic brain. 2.The title “electronic brain” was given by a famous scientist. 3.There are similarities between the human brain and the computer in some way. 4.The computer is better than the human brain in every way. 5.Various information can be programmed into the computer. 6.When a computer does a calculation, it knows what to do, when to do it, and how it is done on its own. 7.People used to say that information was stored in the computer’s memory. 8.The computer actually remember everything the programmer tells it. Listening Comprehension

43 Unit 1 Judge the following sentences. 1.F. As a computer is electronic, it can’t be called a brain. 2.F. It was given by some misguided journalists. 3.T 4.F. The computer is better than the human brain only in some ways. 5.T. 6.F. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it is done. 7.T. 8.F. The computer doesn’t really remember. Information is stored in it. Listening Comprehension