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The epistemology concepts in Descartes’ coordinate geometry

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1 The epistemology concepts in Descartes’ coordinate geometry
笛卡尔解析几何中的认识论思想 LUO Dong, GAO Jianping Center for Studies of STS,Guangxi University for Nationalities 罗栋,高剑平 广西民族大学 科学技术与社会发展研究中心

2 I. Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry
一、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何的差异 II. Epistemology basis of Descartes’ geometry 二、笛卡尔解析几何的认识论基础

3 I. Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry
一、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何的差异 1. Geometric constructions need Algebraic operations 1、几何作图要求对线段作加减乘除,对特别的线段取平方根,这几种运算均可以用代数表示,这便使几何可以与代数相联系。 Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry a. Different points Euclidean geometry: points indiscernible Descartes’ geometry: points discernible 2、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何之间的差异 a.点的差异 欧几里德几何:点与点之间没有差异(“点是没有部分的” ) 笛卡尔解析几何:点与点之间有差异(每个点与一组实数对(x , y…)相对映 )

4 I. Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry
一、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何的差异 Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry b. relationship between point and lines Euclidean geometry: points are on lines Descartes’ geometry: lines are the traces of points’ movements 2、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何之间的差异 b.点与线之间关系差异 欧几里德几何:点与线是不同理念,点处于线上,点线关系是静态的(“线是只有长度没有宽度。”“线的两端是点。””直线是它上面的点一样平放着的线。“) 笛卡尔解析几何:线是点运动的轨迹,点线关系是动态的(线(曲线)是描绘出来的,因而它的产生不是由于凑零为整,而是由于点的连续运动……这样的起源真正发生在事物的本性之中,并且是日常从物体的运动中看见的。)

5 I. Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry
一、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何的差异 Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry c. Quantization of space in coordinate systems Euclidean geometry: geometrical figures’ relationship is base on their own properties Descartes’ geometry: geometrical figures’ relationship is base on coordinate system 2、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何之间的差异 c.几何图形之间关系差异 欧几里德几何:图形之间关系由图形本身性质来联系(如相似、全等) 笛卡尔解析几何:图形之间关系因为坐标系对空间的量化而相互联系(空间中任意 图形之间的关系皆转化为点与点之间关系,转化为坐标之间关 系,转化为实数对之间关系,转化为代数方程组。)

6 I. Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry
一、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何的差异 Differences between Descartes’ geometry and Euclidean geometry d. Intuitiveness of geometrical figures Euclidean geometry: the figures are in mind when we solve geometrical puzzles Descartes’ geometry: we face algebraic equations when we solve geometrical puzzles 2、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何之间的差异 d.几何直观性之间的差异 欧几里德几何:需要首先对几何图形有直观把握,再依据几何图形性质解决几何 问题 笛卡尔解析几何:不需要直接把握几何图形,几何性质被转化为代数方程,通过 代数方程解决结合问题

7 II. What do these differences mean 二、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何差异的意义
Ontology and epistemology in Euclidian geometry (1)Most of the laws in Elements could be from the school of Plato (2)points, lines and surfaces are ideas (3)these geometrical ideas are being, and not come into being. 1、欧几里德几何中的本体论和认识论 (1)几何原本中大部分定律来自柏拉图学派 (2)点、线、面均是理念 (3)几何理念作为一种存在者而存在,而不解释这些线、图形如何形成(点线面是存在者)。

8 II. What do these differences mean
二、笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何差异的意义 2. Epistemology in Descartes’ geometry (1)Lines are the traces of the motion of points. (2)Lines and figures come into being. (3)Relationship of geometrical figures are the relationship of points, and the geometrical space turns to be algebraic space 2、笛卡尔解析几何中的认识论 (1)受伽利略研究抛物运动影响将曲线当成质点运动轨迹。 (2)曲线和图形不是既定的存在者,而是形成的,存在着。 (3)几何空间关系时是点与点之间关系,是代数方程(组)内变量之间关系,空间数学化。

9 Conclusion 结论 Descartes’ geometry is his critics of ontology in geometry. Being turns to coming into being, and ontology turns into epistemology in geometry 笛卡尔解析几何与欧几里德几何在点、图形及几何直观性上的差异是其认识论哲学对古典本体论哲学批判的表现,是几何中存在者向存在的转向,本体论向认识论的转向。

10 Thanks! 谢谢!


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