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Chapter 4 Vitamins. Classification of vitamins vitamins water -soluble lipid-soluble Vit C Vit B A, D, E, K B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, pantothenic acid , folic.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 4 Vitamins. Classification of vitamins vitamins water -soluble lipid-soluble Vit C Vit B A, D, E, K B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, pantothenic acid , folic."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 4 Vitamins

2 Classification of vitamins vitamins water -soluble lipid-soluble Vit C Vit B A, D, E, K B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, pantothenic acid , folic acid,biotin,lipoic acid

3 Section 2 Water-soluble vitamins

4 Common features: ﹡ water soluble , easy to be discharged through urine ﹡ not easy to be stored in the body , requiring diet inception Classification: Vitamin B family Vitamin C

5 Chemical nature and properties: ﹡ vitamin B 1 : thiamine ﹡ active form :Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) 1. Vitamin B1 (thiamine )

6 Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) Chemical structure of vitamin B1

7

8 biochemical function: ﹡ TPP: co-enzyme of oxidative decarboxylation of α–keto acids and transketolase ﹡ with effects in the nerve conduction , inhibiting the cholinesterase activity Deficiency: ﹡ beriberi , peripheral Neuritis Biochemical functions and deficiency

9 Components of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex enzyme E 1 : Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E 2 : Dehydrolipoyl Transacetylase E 3 : Dehydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase HSCoA NAD + co-enzyme TPP Lipoic acid ( ) HSCoA FAD, NAD + S S L pyruvate acetyl CoA NAD +, HSCoA CO 2, NADH + H + Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex

10 2. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Chemical nature and properties: ﹡ vitamin B 2 : riboflavin ﹡ active form : flavin mononucleotide (FMN) flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

11 Vit B 2 FMNAMP FAD Ⅰ ⅡⅢ Chemical structure of FMN and FAD

12 Hydrogen transmission of FMN and FAD Succinate fumarate Succinate dehydrogenase

13 biochemical function : FMN and FAD are the prosthetic group of oxidoreductases with function of transmitting hydrogen deficiency : cheilosis , glossitis, scrotitis etc. Biochemical functions and deficiency

14 3. Vitamin PP (Niacin) Chemical nature and properties: ﹡ vitamin PP: nicotinic acid nicotinamide ﹡ active form: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP + )

15 Chemical structure of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

16 Chemical structure of NAD and NADP

17 biochemical function: ﹡ NAD + and NADP + : coenzyme of dehydrogenases ( Malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase), transfer of hydrogen 。 deficiency ﹡ pellagra Biochemical functions and deficiency

18 4. Vitamin B 6 Chemical nature and properties : ﹡ vitamin B 6 : pyridoxine pyridoxal pyridoxamine ﹡ active form : pyridoxal-phosphate pyridoxamine-phosphate

19 Chemical structure of Vitamin B 6

20 Transamination reaction

21 Biochemical functions and deficiency biochemical function: ﹡ Pyridoxal-Phosphate: Coenzyme of amino acid aminotransferase, decarboxyIase, and  - amino-  - levulinate synthase ( ALA synthase ) deficiency ﹡ nervousness, anemia, etc.

22 5. Pantothenic acid Chemical nature and properties : ﹡ pantothenic acid ﹡ active form : CoA ACP (acyl carrier protein) biochemical function and deficiency ﹡ CoA and ACP are coenzymes of acyl transferase , transfer of acyl

23 Pantonic acid

24 6. Biotin Biochemocal function: Biotin: co-enzyme of carboxylase ( eg. pyruvate carboxylase ) Binding to ε- amino residue of lysine to form biocytin Binding to carboxyl to form carboxyl biotin

25 7. Folic acid (Folacin) Chemical nature and properties: ﹡ folic acid: pteroylglutamic acid ﹡ active form: tetrahydrofolate (FH 4 )

26 Folic acid FH2 reductase NADPH+H + NADP + FH 2 FH2 reductase NADPH+H + NADP + FH 4 5, 6, 7, 8-FH 4

27 biochemical function : FH 4 : co-enzyme of transferase of one carbon unit deficiency : megaloblastic anemia clinical application: antitumor drug Biochemical functions and deficiency

28 8. Vitamin B 12 (cobalamine) Chemical nature and properties : vitamin B 12 : cobalamine active form: methylcobalamine 5 -deoxyadenosylcobalamin

29 R : -CH 3 methylcobalamine R : 5`-deoxyadenosine 5`- deoxyadenosylcobalamin Chemical structure of Vitamin B 12

30 ﹡ biochemical function : methyl transfer ﹡ deficiency : megaloblastic anemia, nerve disease, high blood level of homocysteine Biochemical functions and deficiency

31 8. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Chemical nature and properties: structure: Vitamin C Dehydro-vitaminC

32 ﹡ biochemical function : redox reaction, hydroxylation, synthesis of collagen protein , absorbance of ferralia ﹡ deficiency : scurvy Biochemical functions and deficiency

33 9. Lipoic acid Oxidize type Reduce type

34 Cooperating with TPP to participate oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid 、 α- keto acid as coenzyme of lipoic acid acetyl transferase. Biochemical functions and deficiency

35 水溶性维生素 (大多数 B 族维生素的衍生物是结合蛋白酶的辅酶) 维生素活性形式主要功能缺乏症 VitB 1 (硫胺素) 焦磷酸硫胺素 (TPP)α- 酮酸氧化脱羧酶的辅酶脚气病, 末梢神经炎 VitB 2 (核黄素) 黄素单核苷酸 (FMN) , 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (FAD) 体内氧化还原酶的辅酶,递氢口角炎, 舌炎等 VitB 6 磷酸吡哆醛, 磷酸吡哆胺 体内氨基酸转氨酶及脱羧酶的辅酶; ALA 合酶的辅酶 人类未发现 缺乏症 VitB 12 (钴胺素) 甲基钴胺素, 5’- 脱氧腺苷钴胺素 甲基转移酶的辅酶巨幼红细胞 贫血 VitPP 尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD + ) ,尼克酰胺腺嘌 呤二核苷酸磷酸 (NADP) 体内多种脱氢酶的辅酶,递氢赖皮病 泛酸 CoA , 酰基载体蛋白 (ACP) 酰基转移酶的辅酶人类未发现 缺乏症 叶酸 四氢叶酸( FH 4 )一碳单位转移酶的辅酶巨幼红细胞 贫血 生物素 羧化酶的辅酶很少缺乏 硫辛酸 硫辛酸乙酰转移酶的辅酶 VitC ( L- 抗 坏血酸) 抗氧化剂;促进铁的吸收;参与羟化反应坏血病


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