电气工程及其自动化 专业英语 苏小林 顾雪平 主编 主讲人:张新慧 苏小林 顾雪平 主编 电气工程及其自动化 专业英语 主讲人:张新慧 Tel:13561619726 Email:zhxh626@163.com
Chapter 5 Computer 2
Section 1 Computer Basics Translation Skills New Words And Phrases Text Translation Notes Exercises 3
New Words And Phrases distill v. 提取……的精华,蒸馏 instruction n. 指令 document n. 文件 thermostat n. 恒温器,定温器,温度自动调节器 audio signal n. 声频信号,音频信号 program n. 程序 keyboard n. 键盘 software n. 软件 central processing unit 中央处理单元 workstation n. 工作站 videogame console 视频游戏操作板 4
New Words And Phrases mainframe n. 主机,主机架 supercomputer 超级计算机 server 服务器 client 客户 microcomputer 微型计算机 desktop computer 台式计算机 notebook computer 笔记本电脑 handheld computer 掌上电脑 computer-aided 计算机辅助的 three-dimensional 三维的 animated graphics 动画图像 local area network ( LAN ) 局域网 LCD screen ( liquid crystal display screen ) 液晶显示屏 5
New Words And Phrases display device 显示设备 mouse n. 鼠标 floppy disk drive 软盘驱动器 hard disk drive 硬盘驱动器 CD-ROM drive CD-ROM驱动器 DVD drive DVD驱动器 CD-writer CD写入器,刻录机 sound card 声卡 rudimentary a. 基本的,基础的,初步的,根本的 6
New Words And Phrases built-in a. 嵌入的,安装在内部的,内装的,机内的 modem n. 调制解调器 peripheral device 外围设备 scanner n. 扫描仪 digital camera 数码相机 joystick n. 控制杆 graphics tablet 图形板 operating system 操作系统 7
Notes 1. Most people can formulate a mental picture of a computer, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all-purpose definition. 大多数人都能描绘一台计算机,但由于计算机能做许多事情,有许多形状和规格,以致人们难以提取其共同特征形成通用的定义。 2. The series of instructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as a computer program, or simply a “program”. 告诉计算机如何执行处理任务的的一系列指令被称为计算机程序,简称为程序。 8
Section 2 Microprocessor and Memory Translation Skills New Words And Phrases Text Translation Notes Exercises 9
New Words And Phrases miniaturized a. 小型的,小型化的 ALU( arithmetic logic unit ) 算术逻辑单元 control unit 空着单元 register n. 寄存器 cycle n. 周期 clock cycle 时钟周期 word size 字长 cache n. 高速缓冲存储器 instruction set 指令集 megahertz n. 兆赫,兆赫兹 gigahertz n. 吉赫,吉赫兹 motherboard n. 母板,主板 chip n. 芯片,晶片,组件 10
New Words And Phrases CISC( complex instruction set control ) 复杂指令集计算机 RISC( reduced instruction set control ) 简化指令集计算机 serially ad. 串行地 serial processing 串行处理 parallel processing 并行处理 pipelining a. 流水线的 RAM ( Random Accesss Memory ) 随机存储器 operating system 操作系统 plug v. 插入,插上;n. 插头,插入物 microscopic a. 微观的,细微的,显微(镜)的,显微的 charge v. n. 充电,带电,起电 n. 电荷,充电 discharge v. 放电 bit n. 位 byte n. 字节 volatile a. 易失的 11
New Words And Phrases megabytes (MB) 兆字节 software package 软件包 install v. 安装 virtual memory 虚拟存储器 nanosecond 纳秒 SDRAM ( synchronous dynamic RAM ) 同步动态RAM ROM ( Read-Only Memory ) 只读存储器 startup n. 起动 caterpillar-like a. 履带式的 DIP = double in-line package 双列直插式组件 = dual in-line package 双列式封装 BIOS ( basic input/output system ) 基本输入输出系统 CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory ) 互补型金属氧化物半导体存储器 rechargeable battery 充电电池 setup 安装 update v. 更新,修改,校正 12
Notes 1. Finally, the control unit gives the ALU the green light to begin processing. 最后,控制单元启动ALU开始处理。 2. The speed specifications that you see in a computer ad indicate the speed of the microprocessor clock—a timing device that sets the pace for executing instructions. 计算机广告上的速度规范是指微处理器时钟的速度,它是设置指令执行步速的定时器件。 13
Notes 3. A Level 1 cache (L1) is built into the processor chip, whereas a Level 2 cache (L2) is located on a separate chip and takes a little more time to get data to the processor. 一级缓存位于处理器芯片内,而二级缓存在另外的芯片上,其获得数据给处理器所需时间较一级缓存多一点。 14
Section 3 Input and Output Device Translation Skills New Words And Phrases Text Translation Notes Exercises 15
New Words And Phrases slot n. 槽 expansion slot 扩展槽 port n. 端口 data bus 数据总线 expansion bus 扩展总线 expansion card 扩展卡 adapter 适配器 socket n. 插座,插口 USB universal series bus 通用串行总线 storage device 存储设备 download v.; n. 下载 ISA ( industry standard architecture ) 工业标准结构 PCI ( peripheral component interconnect ) 外部设备互联 video capture card 视频捕获卡 16
New Words And Phrases interface n.; v. 接口 AGP ( accelerated graphics port ) 加速图形端口 serial port 串行端口 jack n. 插座,插孔,插口,弹簧开关 protrude v. (使)伸出,突出,推出 cutout n. 中断装置,断流器,断路器 CRT ( cathode ray tube ) 阴极射线管 VCR ( video cassette recorder ) 录像机 LCD ( liquid crystal display ) 液晶显示 dots of color 色点 stand-alone 独立的 diagonally ad. 对角的 dot pitch 点距 clarity n. 清晰度 17
New Words And Phrases pixel n. 像素,图素,像元 resolution n. 分辨率,分辨度 ink jet 喷墨 printout n. 打印输出 nozzle n. 喷管,喷头,喷嘴 cartridge n. 夹头,卡盘 cyan a.; n. 蓝绿色的,蓝绿色 magenta a.; n. 深红色的,深红色 photocopier n. 照相复印机,影印机 light-sensitive a. 光敏的 drum n. 磁鼓 electrostatically ad. 静电地 multicolored a. 多色的 default n. 缺省,默认 ribbon n. 色带 18
Notes 1. An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug an expansion card. 扩展槽是主板上用于扩展卡的一种细长的插座。 2. CRT ( cathode ray tube ) technology uses gun-like mechanisms to direct beams of electrons toward screen and activate individual dots of color that form an image. CRT(阴极射线管)技术采用枪式机理将电子束射向屏幕,激活各色点以形成图像。 19
Section 4 Software Basics Translation Skills New Words And Phrases Text Translation Notes Exercises 20
New Words And Phrases module n. 模块,组件,模件 document n. 文件,文献,公文 Web browsing 网页浏览 programmer n. 程序员 computer language 计算机语言 binary a. ; n. 二进制的,二进位 source code 源代码 high-level language 高级语言 machine language 机器语言 batch n. 批,一批 object code 目标代码 compiler n. 编译程序 interpreter n. 解释程序 script n. 脚本 operand n. 操作数 octal a. 八进制的 hexadecimal a. 十六进制的 21
New Words And Phrases assembler n. 汇编程序 system software 系统软件 application software 应用软件 operation system 操作系统 user interface 用户界面,用户接口 menu n. 菜单 toolbar n. 工具条 button n. 按钮 compatible a. 兼容的,可共存的,兼容制的 graphical user interface 图形用户界面 click v. 按 file management system 文件管理系统 bootstrap n. 引导 bootstrap program 引导程序 single-user operating system 单用户操作系统 multiuser operating system 多用户操作系统 multitasking operating system 多任务操作系统 22
Notes 1. These languages help the programmer produce a lengthy list of instruction, called source code, that defines the software environment in every detail-how it looks, how the user enters commands, and how it manipulates data. 这些语言有助于程序员编写很长的指令清单,这些指令称为源代码。 2. These are special languages developed to reflect the procedures used in the solution of a problem rather than be concerned with the computer hardware behavior. 高级编程语言是用于反映解决问题的过程,而不涉及计算机硬件行为的特殊语言。 23
Section 5 Computer Network Basics Translation Skills New Words And Phrases Text Translation Notes Exercises 24
New Words And Phrases data base 数据库 redundant a. 冗余的,多余的 redundancy n. 冗余 fault-tolerant a. 容错的 disk array 磁盘阵列 home computer 家用电脑 dial up 拨号 repository n. 仓库 twisted-pair 双绞的,双绞线的 coaxial cable 同轴电缆 fiber-optic cable 光缆,光纤电缆 microwave n. 微波 25
New Words And Phrases infrared a. 红外线的;n. 红外线 shielded a. 屏蔽的 unshielded a. 非屏蔽的 strand n. 股,股线 bandwidth n. 带宽 high-bandwidth 高带宽 low-bandwidth 低带宽 broadband n. 宽带 narrowband n. 窄带 hub n. 集线器 router n. 路由器 gateway n. 网关 repeater n. 中继器,转播器 26
Notes 1. Connecting computers together also makes it possible to switch processing to a backup computer in the event of failure of a CPU. 计算机联网可实现在某一个CPU故障时能将处理工作切换到备用计算机上。 2. As another approach, a program may be executed more rapidly by distributing its execution so that each connected CPU or compter may be executing different parts of the program. 另一种方法是将程序分别到每一个连续的CPU或计算机执行,它们各执行程序的不同部分,会使程序的执行更快。 27