美国公共图书馆的法律,法规, 及战略计划 American Libraries in Planning and Action: Legal Aspects of Library Practice & Library Strategic Planning   Liana Zhou, Director of Library and Archives, The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. U.S.A.  

Public library: The heart of a community

Overview: 美国公共图书馆作为服务于公共大众的 公共机构, 必须遵守联邦, 州, 和地方的法律法规. 比如，保护残疾人法案，版权法，和保护图书馆个人隐私的法律。 US public libraries, as public institutions, must comply with various federal and state laws such as American with Disability Act, Copyright laws, and laws that protecting privacy.

美国公共图书馆的方针政策就是建立在一系列的法律法规的大范围里, 在各州法律中对州、市等各级地方图书馆给予了规定。

具体的图书馆的藏书和服务的运作，也有法律的渗透。比如：美国公共图书馆是否 能接受私人的馈赠，如何让每个团体有同等的参与机会,

联邦法中对图书馆的规定 Libraries in U.S. Code 在美国法典中： 在教育篇下 (Under 20USC, Education, Sec.9122)，对图书馆和图书馆联 合体进行了定义；对州立图书馆在为本州从联邦取得基金资助中的 作用和要求给予了规定；对博物馆和图书馆服务委员会的成立，目的， 任命，职责等进行了具体规定。 在版权法中 (Under 17USC, Sec.108: Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives)，对图书馆等给予了特殊使用受版 权保护资源的权限。 在电子技术普遍服务中 (Under 47USC:Sec.254: Universal Service)，对通信 手段和设备的提供和资助中，有关对公共图书馆的支持和要求，如， 设立计算机安全措施，防止用户计算机看到猥亵、淫秽的图象，儿童 色情、或对儿童有害的画面。 (USC: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode/browse.html） 2018/11/14 Libraries and Laws in the US (IMLS Project: Think Globally Act Globally)

加州法律中对图书馆的规定(举例） Libraries in CA Laws (Excerpt ) 对图书馆类型的定义，其中包括：学术图书馆，公共图书馆，学校图 书馆，特殊图书馆 (Definition of academic, public, school and special libraries) 服务对象：为所有用户服务，包括残疾人，不讲英语者，不便出行 的人，边远地区的人，或是经济贫困户。(Serving diverse needs of all of its primary clientele, including people with disabilities, non-English-speaking and limited-English-speaking persons, those who are confined to home or an institution, 图书馆获得资助，不允许有任何类似附加条件，如，收集、使用或排斥某特定书刊、电影、记录、数据库、照片、或其他形式的资源。 (Library of CA Act.: 18802:(c) To require that no library, as a condition for receiving funds or services under this chapter, acquire, provide access to, or exclude any specific book, periodical, film, recording, data base, picture, or other material or medium…) http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/ 2018/11/14 Libraries and Laws in the US (IMLS Project: Think Globally Act Globally)

为残疾人服务(举例)Serving People with Disabilities – Example (1) (http://ccclib.org/services/access.html) 无障碍环境选择 专为视力和听力有障碍的用户服务的资源 专用听、读设备 递送服务 盲文/发声图书 电话新闻 有关网页 资料与查询目录 大字书及真正简易聚合信息服务（RSS） 音频书 带字幕视频资料 有解说的视频资料 无图象目录 2018/11/14 Libraries and Laws in the US (IMLS Project: Think Globally Act Globally)

Copyrights/版权法 复制、拷贝要遵照美国法典第17章版权法。其中一个指定的条件是，拷贝或复制的目的不能“用于超出个人学习、学术研究。”如果用户事后要用拷贝或复制品超出“公平使用”的范畴，他将要承担违犯版权法的责任。 本图书馆保留拒绝接受拷贝或复制的权力，一旦发现这种复制或拷贝将违犯版权法。 五法则：在一年里，对过去五年中出版的任何杂志，只能从中复制/拷贝5篇文章。

PUBLIC LIBRARY OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY DONOR AGREEMENT DEED OF GIFT (examples) The donor named below declares that he/she does have the authority to and does voluntarily donate the materials described below in this deed of gift to the Public Library Board of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County (“Library”). It is understood that the purpose and intent of this gift is to transfer and assign all rights, title and interest in this gift. Copyright/Intellectual Property Rights Declaration The donor declares the following regarding the intellectual property component of the gift: ( ) I know that I own the copyright and other intellectual property rights for this gift and do intend to transfer this copyright and other intellectual property rights to the Nashville Public Library; ( ) I know that I own the copyright and other intellectual property rights for this gift and do not intend to transfer the copyright and other intellectual property rights to the Nashville Public Library; ( ) I do not know whether I own the copyright or other intellectual property rights for this gift. ( ) I do not own copyright or other intellectual property rights for this gift. There shall be no restrictions on the Library’s use of this gift unless noted below in the description of materials. I guarantee that I have good and marketable title to both the physical and intellectual property components, if applicable and indicated above, of this gift, that the gift is unencumbered, and that I am fully authorized to make this gift. Where applicable, said materials will be made available to the public for research after processing by staff, and may be microfilmed, photocopied, or otherwise reproduced or reformatted by the Nashville Public Library. Using established procedures, library staff may use their discretion to dispose of material inappropriate for the library’s collections. I release and indemnify the Public Library of the Metropolitan Government, its employees, board members, agents and representatives and the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, its employees, officials, agents and representatives from any and all claims or demands arising out of or in connection with the use of this gift, including but not limited to any claims for defamation, copyright violation, invasion of privacy or right of publicity. This deed of gift becomes effective when signed by the donor.

Description of materials: Donor: ___ Date: ___Address: ___ Phone: Donor Signature__ If acting as agent, for whom or what organization? Additional contact information: STAFF USE: Section A: Review Agreement Completed ❑ Yes, Conservation Survey required. See Part B. ❑ Yes, gift accepted and approved. Complete Part A. ❑ No, gift accepted and approved. Complete Part A. Gift Received by Date Approved by : Director, Division/Branch Manager, or Designee Date Section B: Conservation Survey Completed ❑ Estimated Cost to Process ❑ Approval by Director Required ❑ Approval by Public Library Board Required Section C: Approval Director, Nashville Public Library Date Authorized representative Date The Nashville Public Library Board Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County Accession No. _____________

美国公共图书馆是否可以有自己的知识产权, 如何行使知识产权.

Questions from or for the participants

图书馆展望未来！Why Libraries Matter in the future? “So why is it that libraries are generally forgotten? Why is it so difficult to get sufficient funding? Why is it a challenge to attract the next generation of librarians? First, our target audiences have forgotten about libraries as they try to navigate increasingly complex lives. libraries have made the grave mistake of assuming everyone knows how important and relevant they are. Administrators and librarians have failed to realize that they truly need to promote what they have” If we want our libraries to be relevant, what actions do we need to take? Libraries have adapted to the changing times. (providing more Internet connections, programs and services, and materials. Web 2.0, blogs and podcasts. Some libraries even have profiles on social networking sites.

美国公共图书馆都有一个长远的 (或五年，或十年，二十年) 战略计划。 Most importantly, all public libraries in the States, big or small, have a strategy plan which serves as a blueprint or a roadmap for the libraries’ future.

Questions for or from the participants:

Strategic Plan 这些战略计划是如何制订的？ What are the basics of a strategic planning and what elements might be useful to the librarians and libraries in China? Vision Challenges Audience Branding (Business Marketing)

Promote the Library 它的基本框架 和主要的目的是什么 Promote the Library If we want our libraries to be relevant, Identify Your Stakeholders Understand Your Target Audience Ask Your Audience Create a Strategic Positioning Statement

Examples of Strategic Positioning “Queens Library is the best community resource for all of your informational, educational, cultural, and recreational needs.” Develop a Marketing Plan

What is a market plan: Executive summary Statistical review Strategic branding positioning (Personality of the library) Fiscal year objectives (examples:) Fiscal year initiatives: (specific tactics or initiatives that will be conducted to achieve or surpass objectives) Fiscal Year Initiatives Budget—

Examples of fiscal year objectives: “The library will increase the number of programs for children and young adults by 20 percent.” “The library will increase the percentage of school age children owning library cards to 80 percent.” Not these: “The library will create a more pleasant environment for users.” “The library will increase the size of its collection.” “The library will increase the number of people with library cards.”

Are libraries relevant in the 21century Are libraries relevant in the 21century? Are libraries relevant in your communities? From Gatekeeper守门人 to Gate Opener开门人

Thank you!