局部排氣導管設計 單一氣罩範例
例題 具單一氣罩之局部排氣裝置 氣罩風量:8.5 m3/min 氣罩壓損係數:Fh = 0.85 氣罩至排氣機導管: 排氣機至出口導管 搬運風速:23 m/s 以上 含有一肘管(Fe = 0.22) 排氣機至出口導管 長度:2.4 m 直徑:20 cm
Pt0 = Pv0 = Ps0 = 0 Ps4 = 0 2 3 4 1 2.4 m 11.6 m 計算方向 計算方向 空氣密度 r = 1.2 kg/m3 氣罩風量需求:Q = 8.5 m3/min 氣罩壓損係數:Fh = 0.85 肘管壓損係數:Fe = 0.22 排氣機前導管最低搬運風速:vmin = 23 m/s 排氣機後導管管徑:10 cm 導管摩擦損失因數 f = 0.024
0-1 Q = (8.5 m3/min)(1 min/60 s) = 0.1417 m3/s 導管截面積最大為:Amax = Q/vmin = (0.1417 m3/s)/(23 m/s) = 0.006159 m2 若導管截面積小於此值,導管內風速會小於規定的 23 m/s 導管最大管徑 dmax = (4Amax/p)1/2 = [(4)(0.006159 m2)/p]1/2 = 0.08856 m Amax = pdmax2/4
0-1(續) 若導管管徑只能使用 2、3、4、…cm:取管徑 d1 = 8 cm = 0.08 m 若以四捨五入取 d1 = 9 cm > dmax,會使導管內風速小於規定的 23 m/s 若導管管徑可以訂做(自由選取),則令 d1 = dmax = 0.08856 m 若管徑 d1 已事先給定,則無需上述步驟
0-1(續) 以管徑 d1 = 0.08 m 繼續以下計算: 導管截面積:A1 = pd12/4 = p (0.08 m)2/4 = 0.005027 m2 v1 = Q/A1 = (0.1417 m3/s)/(0.005027 m2) = 28.18 m/s > vmin = 23 m/s Pv1 = rv12/2 = (1.2 kg m/s)(28.18 m/s)2/2 = 476.6 Pa 在 20°C 時,若要求單位為 mmAq,則可使用 Pv1 = (28.18/4.04)2 = 48.7 mmAq
0-1(續) 氣罩壓損:DPth = Fh Pv1 = (0.85)(476.6 Pa) = 405.1 Pa 氣罩後方(點 1): 氣罩後方導管動壓 氣罩壓損:DPth = Fh Pv1 = (0.85)(476.6 Pa) = 405.1 Pa 氣罩後方(點 1): Pt1 = 0 – DPth = -405.1 Pa Ps1 = Pt1 – Pv1 = -405.1 Pa – 476.6 Pa = -881.7 Pa 或 Ps1 = -(1 + Fh) Pv1 = (1 + 0.85)(476.6 Pa) = -881.7 Pa acceleration factor
1-2 導管壓損:f(L12/d1)Pv1 = (0.024)(11.6 m)/(0.08 m)(476.6 Pa) = 1659 Pa 肘管壓損:FePv1 = (0.22)(476.6 Pa) = 104.9 Pa 1-2 的總壓損 DPt1-2 = 1659 Pa + 104.9 Pa = 1763 Pa 通式:DPt1-2 = (fL12/d1 + SF)Pv1 =[(0.024)(11.6)/(0.08) + 0.22](476.6 Pa) = 1763 Pa = DPs1-2 導管上配件壓損係數總和 導管摩擦壓損係數 A1 = A2,v1 = v2 ,Pv1 = Pv2,DPt 1-2 = DPs1-2
1-2(續) 排氣機入口(點 2): 一氣喝成求 Pt2 的方法: Pv2 = Pv1 = 476.6 Pa Pt2 = Pt1 – DPt1-2 = -405.1 Pa – 1763 Pa = -2168 Pa Ps2 = Pt2 – Pv2 = -2168 Pa – 476.6 Pa = -2645 Pa 或 Ps2 = Ps1 – DPs1-2 = -881.7 Pa – 1763 Pa = -2645 Pa 一氣喝成求 Pt2 的方法: Pt2 = -(Fh + fL12/d1 + SF)Pv1 =-[0.85 + (0.024)(11.6)/(0.08) + 0.22](476.6 Pa) = -2645 Pa = DPs1-2
4-3 排氣機後方導管:由出口往前算 排氣機後方導管管徑已給定: d3 = d4 = 10 cm = 0.1 m A3 = A4 = pd42/4 = pd32/4 = p (0.1 m)2/4 = 0.007854 m2 v3 = v4 = Q/A3 = Q/A4 = (0.1417 m3/s)/(0.007854 m2) = 18.04 m/s Pv3 = Pv4 = rv32/2 = rv42/2 = (1.2 kg/m3)(18.04 m/s)2/2 = 195.2 Pa
4-3(續) 出口(點 4) 導管 3-4 壓損: Ps4 = 0(大氣) Pt4 = Ps4 + Pv4 = 0 + 195.2 Pa = 195.2 Pa 導管 3-4 壓損: DPt3-4 = fL34/d3 Pv3 = (0.024)(2.4 m)/(0.1 m)(195.2 Pa) = 112.4 Pa = DPs3-4 A3 = A4,v3 = v4 ,Pv3 = Pv4,DPt 3-4 = DPs3-4
4-3(續) 排氣機出口(點 3) Pt3 = Pt4 + DPt3-4 = 195.2 Pa + 112.4 Pa = 307.7 Pa Ps3 = Pt3 – Pv3 = 307.3 Pa – 195.2 Pa = 112.4 Pa 其實就是 DPs3-4 ,因為 Ps3 = Ps4 + DPs3-4 = 0 + DPs3-4
Pv Pt FTP Ps FSP
FTP 與 FSP 排氣機全壓(FTP) = 排氣機出口全壓 – 排氣機入口全壓 = Pt3 – Pt2 = 307.7 Pa – (-2168 Pa) = 2476 Pa 用來計算耗電量 排氣機靜壓(FSP): = FTP – 排氣機出口動壓(Pt3 – Pt2 – Pv3) = 排氣機出口靜壓 – 排氣機入口全壓(Ps3 –Pt2)= 112.4 Pa – (-2168 Pa) = 2281 Pa 排氣機標準規格(可以提高多少壓力) FTP
排氣機耗電量 總效率 h P = (0.1417 m3/s)(2476 Pa)/0.4 = 877 W = 0.877 kW 每運轉一小時耗電 0.877 度
系統需求曲線 FSP ≈Q2 設計點: FSP = 2281 Pa @8.5 m3/min 排氣機風量