Civil Engineering Materials Words and Phases
Catalogue Chapter 1 Basic Properties of Materials Chapter 2 Air Hardening Inorganic Binding Materials Chapter 3 Cement Chapter 4 Ordinary Concrete Chapter 5 Construction Mortar Chapter 6 Wall Materials Chapter 7 Building Steels Chapter 8 Water Proofing Materials Chapter 9 Bituminous Mixture
Basic Properties of Materials Chapter 1 Basic Properties of Materials Back
Words and Phases material 材料 density 密度 apparent density 表观密度 bulk density 堆积密度 solidity 密实度 porosity 孔隙率 pore 孔隙 voidage 空隙率 void 空隙 Chapter 1
Words and Phases strength 强度 elasticity 弹性 plasticity 塑性 brittleness 脆性 toughness 韧性 durability 耐久性 compressive strength 抗压强度 tensile strength 抗拉强度 shearing strength 抗剪强度 Chapter 1
Words and Phases bending strength 抗弯强度 deformation 变形 stone 石材 cement 水泥 concrete 砼 mortar 砂浆 glass 玻璃 Chapter 1
Words and Phases pottery陶瓷 steel 钢材 wood 木材 wetting angle 润湿角 hydrophilic property亲水性 hydrophobic property憎水性 water-absorbing quality 吸水性 water absorption吸水率 water percentage 含水率 Chapter 1
Words and Phases specific absorption of quality质量吸水率 specific absorption of volume体积吸水率 water percentage of quality质量含水率 hygroscopic 吸湿性 water resistance 耐水性 saturation 饱和 Back
Air Hardening Inorganic Binding Materials Back Chapter 2 Air Hardening Inorganic Binding Materials Back
Words and Phases binding materials胶凝材料 organic materials有机材料 inorganic materials无机材料 air hardening inorganic binding materials 气硬性无机胶凝材料 hydraulic binding materials 水硬性胶凝材料 gypsum 石膏 lime 石灰 setting 凝结 Chapter 2
Words and Phases hardening 硬化 slaking 消化 hydration水化 quick lime 生石灰 slaked lime熟石灰 ground quick lime 生石灰粉 ground hydrated lime熟石灰粉 lime paste 石灰膏 asphalt沥青 Chapter 2
Words and Phases compound material-tackiness agent 合成材料-胶粘剂 admixture 外加剂 fineness 细度 plastering 抹灰 rendering 粉刷 calcium quick lime钙质生石灰 high-magnesium quick lime镁质生石 Chapter 2
Words and Phases dolomite ground slaked lime 白云石消石灰粉 over-burnt lime 过火石灰 under-burnt lime 欠火石灰 crystallization 结晶 carbonization 碳化 soundness 体积安定性 water retentivity保水性 shrinkage 收缩 Chapter 2
Words and Phases lime paste 石灰浆 milk of lime 石灰乳 silicate products硅酸盐制品 carbonated lime board碳化石灰板 lime-sand brick 灰砂砖 active blended materials 活性混合料 Back
Chapter 3 Cement Back
Words and Phases Portland cement:波特兰水泥(硅酸盐水泥) Ordinary Portland cement: 普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary Portland cement: 普通硅酸盐水泥 furnance-slag cement: 矿渣硅酸盐水泥 Portland Pozzlana cement: 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥 Portland fly-ash cement: 粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥 composite Portland cement: 复合水泥 high-alumina cement: 高铝水泥 Chapter 3
Words and Phases magnesium-oxy-chloride cement: 氯氧镁水泥 general cement: 通用水泥 special cement: 专用水泥 characteristic cement: 特性水泥 aluminous cement: 铝酸盐水泥 sulfoaluminate cement: 硫铝酸盐水泥 Chapter 3
Words and Phases hydraulicity: 水硬性 plasticity: 可塑性 durability: 耐久性 aggregates: 骨料 silicate: 硅酸盐 anti-corrosion: 抗腐蚀 freezing resistance: 抗冻 anchor: 锚固 clay: 粘土 limestone: 石灰石 Chapter 3
Words and Phases carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳（CO2） calcium oxide: 氧化钙（CaO） tricalcium silicate: 硅酸三钙 dicalcium silicate: 硅酸二钙 tricalcium aluminate: 铝酸三钙 tetracalcium aluminoferrite: 铁铝酸四钙 shrinkage: 收缩 calcium hydroxide: 氢氧化钙 calcium silicate hydrate: 水化硅酸钙 sulfate: 硫酸盐 Chapter 3
Words and Phases masonry: 砌筑 calcium aluminate hydrate: 水化铝酸钙 calcium ferrite hydrate: 水化铁酸钙 ettringite: 水化硫铝酸钙（钙矾石） paste: 浆体 initial period: 初始反应期 induction period: 潜伏期 capillaries: 毛细管 fineness: 细度 Chapter 3
Words and Phases specific surface area: 比表面积 screening method: 筛分析法 negative pressure sieving method: 负压筛法 water pressure sieving method: 水筛法 dry sieving method: 干筛法 normal consistency: 标准稠度 initial Setting: 初凝时间 Chapter 3
Words and Phases final setting: 终凝时间 soundness: 体积安定性 poor dimensional stability: 体积安定性不良 disassociated: 游离的 bacillus: 杆状菌 Le chatelier soundness test: 雷氏夹法 mortar: 砂浆 compressive strength: 抗压强度 bending strength: 抗折强度 Back
Chapter 4 Ordinary Concrete Back
Words and Phases ordinary concrete: 普通混凝土 high strength concrete: 高强混凝土 deposit concrete: 现浇混凝土 precast concrete: 预制混凝土 premixed concrete: 预拌混凝土 plain concrete: 素混凝土 prestressed concrete: 预应力混凝土 reinforced concrete: 钢筋混凝土 Chapter 4
Words and Phases shotcrete concrete: 喷射混凝土 mass concrete: 大体积混凝土 concrete pumping: 泵送混凝土 plasticity: 塑性 durability: 耐久性 ingredient: 组成材料 aggregate: 骨料 coarse aggregate: 粗骨料 Chapter 4
Words and Phases impurities: 有害杂质 mica: 云母 silt: 淤泥 organic substance: 有机物 sulphide: 硫化物 sulphate: 硫酸盐 chloride: 氯化物 Chapter 4
Words and Phases unit screening rate: 分计筛余百分率 accumulated screening rate: 累计筛余百分率 grading region: 级配区 grading curve: 级配曲线 fineness modulus: 细度模数 optimized Sp: 合理砂率 deformation: 变形 Chapter 4
Words and Phases alkali-aggregate reaction: 碱－骨料反应 potassium: 钾 sodium: 钠 gravel: 碎石 scree: 卵石 insoluble matter: 不溶物 Chapter 4
Words and Phases sequent Gradation: 连续级配 discontinuous Gradation: 间断级配 single Gradation: 单粒级 igneous rock: 火成岩 metamorphic rock: 变质岩 aqueous rock: 水成岩 crushing index: 压碎指标 Chapter 4
Words and Phases soluble matter: 可溶物 concrete admixture: 混凝土外加剂 rheological behavior: 流变性 water-reducing admixture: 减水剂 air entraining admixture: 引气剂 pumping aid: 泵送剂 set retarder: 缓凝剂 Chapter 4
Words and Phases hardening accelerating: 早强剂 flash setting admixture: 速凝剂 water-repellent admixture: 防水剂 anti-freezing admixture: 阻锈剂 expanding admixture: 膨胀剂 anti-freezing admixture: 防冻剂 coloring admixture: 着色剂 surfactant: 表面活性剂 Chapter 4
Words and Phases hydrophilic group: 亲水基团 hydrophobic group: 憎水基团 flocculation structure: 絮凝结构 Lignin sulfonate water-reducing admixture: 木质素减水剂 large moulding: 大模板 sliding formwork: 滑模施工 Naphthalene sulfonate water-reducing admixture: 萘系减水剂 Chapter 4
Words and Phases resinous water-reducing admixtures: 树脂系减水剂 chloride hardening accelerator: 氯盐类早强剂 sulfate hardening accelerator: 硫酸盐类早强剂 organic amine hardening accelerator: 有机胺类早强剂 rosin soap: 松香皂 rosin pyrolytic polymer: 松香热聚物 molasses: 糖蜜 citric: 柠檬酸 sodium aluminates: 铝酸钠 calcium aluminates: 铝酸钙 Chapter 4
Words and Phases caulking engineering: 堵漏工程 initial setting time: 初凝时间 final setting time: 终凝时间 impermeability: 抗渗性 mineral admixture: 矿物掺合料 fly ash: 粉煤灰 silica fume: 硅粉 grounded slag: 磨细矿渣 Chapter 4
Words and Phases sintered clay: 烧粘土 zeolite: 沸石粉 volcanic tuff: 火山凝灰岩 equal replacement: 等量取代法 excess replacement: 超量取代法 adscititious: 外掺法 silica fume: 硅粉 ferrosilicon: 硅铁合金 silicon steel.: 硅钢 Chapter 4
Words and Phases workability: 和易性 fresh concrete: 新拌混凝土 mobility: 流动性 viscidity: 粘聚性 water retention: 保水性 slump: 坍落度 viscosity: 粘性 segregation：离析 bleeding：泌水 vebe consistometer test: 维勃稠度试验 Chapter 4
Words and Phases dry shrinkage: 干缩 cold contract: 冷缩 volume decrease: 体积减缩 settlement: 沉缩 lastic shrinkage: 塑性收缩 bleeding path: 泌水通道 one-axis static compression: 单轴静态受压 elastic limit: 比例极限 critic load: 临界荷载 ultimate load: 极限荷载 Chapter 4
Words and Phases cubic compressive strength: 立方体抗压强度 specimen: 试件 prism compressive strength: 轴心抗压强度 tensile strength: 抗拉强度 bending strength: 抗折强度 velocity mixing: 高速搅拌 ultrasonic vibration: 声波搅拌 high frequency vibration: 高频振幅 multi frequency vibration: 多频振幅 Chapter 4
Words and Phases extra-coefficient of cement: 水泥富余系数 natural cure: 自然养护 steam cure: 蒸汽养护 autoclaved cure: 蒸压养护 age: 龄期 hoop effect: 环箍效应 anti-permeability: 抗渗性 anti-corrosion: 抗侵蚀性 anti-carbonate: 抗碳化性 Chapter 4
Words and Phases anti-abrasion: 耐磨损 carbonation: 碳化 mix Proportion Design: 配合比设计 design of preliminary mix: 初步配合比设计 ascertaining the basic mix proportion: 基准本配合比的确定 laboratory mix Proportion: 实验室配合比 working Mix Proportion: 施工配合比 absolute volume: 绝对体积法 assume an apparent density: 假定表观密度法 Back
Chapter 5 Construction Mortar Back
Words and Phases masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆 surface mortar 抹面砂浆 especial mortar特殊砂浆 cement mortar水泥砂浆 lime mortar石灰砂浆 mix mortar混合砂浆 rubble masonry 毛石砌体 brickwork砖砌体 Chapter 5
Words and Phases hilly sand 山砂 furnace slag 炉渣 expansion cement膨胀水泥 component adapter构件接头 structure reinforcement结构加固 crackle mending裂纹修补 smooth flour-milling jointing 光滑磨面勾缝 Chapter 5
Words and Phases mobility（consistency）流动性（稠度） fresh mortar 新拌砂浆 hardened mortar 硬化砂浆 workability 和易性 water dosage 用水量 sinking degree沉入量 consistometer of mortar 砂浆稠度仪 Chapter 5
Words and Phases laminate分层 layering degree 分层度 dense substrate (imhygrophanous beds) 密实基层（不吸水基层，如石材） porous substrate (hygrophanous beds) 多孔基层（吸水基层） empirical coefficient经验系数 cement mix mortar 水泥混合砂浆 cement mortar 水泥砂浆 Chapter 5
Words and Phases adhesion stress 粘结力 substrate 基底材料 mix ratio design of mortar 砂浆配合比设计 strength standard deviation 强度标准差 trial strength 试配强度 Back
Chapter 6 Wall Materials
Words and Phases wall material 墙体材料 roof material屋面材料 wall bricks 砌墙砖 fired brick烧结砖 fired clay brick普通粘土砖 fired porous brick烧结多孔砖 fired hollow brick烧结空心砖 autoclaved brick蒸养（压）砖 wall blocks墙用砌块 Chapter 6
Words and Phases small-size hollow block小型空心砌块 fly ash and silicate medium-size block粉煤灰硅酸盐中型砌块 bricks 砖 blocks 砌块 plywood 板材 porous brick多孔砖 hollow brick空心砖 solid brick实心砖 clay brick粘土砖 Chapter 6
Words and Phases fly ash brick粉煤灰砖 coal mine waste brick煤矸石砖 variable coefficient 变形系数 standard deviation 标准差 fly ash waste 粉煤灰渣 small-size block小砌块 medium-size block中砌块 large-size block大砌块 cement concrete block水泥混凝土砌块 Chapter 6
Words and Phases fly ash concrete block 粉煤灰硅酸盐混凝土砌块 plaster block石膏砌块 porous block多孔砌块 sintered block烧结砌块 fly ash and silicate medium-size block粉煤灰硅酸盐中型砌块 frost-resistance 抗冻性 Chapter 6
Words and Phases stonework石砌体 normal concrete hollow block普通混凝土空心砌块 lightweight aggregate concrete block轻骨料混凝土砌块 relative water content相对含水率 dry shrinkage干缩率 thermal conductivity导热系数 Back
Chapter 7 Building Steels Back
Words and Phases building steels建筑钢材 profile steel (steel section) 型钢 steel angle角钢 steel plates 钢板 steel bar for concrete reinforcement (bar) 钢筋 steel wire钢丝 colored metal有色金属 blackness metal黑色金属 pig iron生铁 Chapter 7
Words and Phases molten iron 生铁水 smelt 冶炼 oxidation 氧化 reduction 还原 deoxidize 脱氧 cast ingot 铸锭 oxygen converter氧气转炉 even furnace平炉 electric cooker电炉 Chapter 7
Words and Phases melt molten iron 熔融铁水 carbon steel 碳素钢 alloy steel合金钢 coke 焦炭 iron ore 铁矿石 char 炭 impurities 氧化物 deoxidant 脱氧剂 boiling steel沸腾钢 Chapter 7
Words and Phases sedation steel镇静钢 special sedation steel特殊镇静钢 low carbon steel 低碳钢 medium carbon steel中碳钢 carbon steel 碳素钢 high carbon steel高碳钢 low alloy steel低合金钢 medium alloy steel中合金钢 alloy steel 合金钢 Chapter 7
Words and Phases high alloy steel高合金钢 deoxidation degree脱氧程度 common steel 普通钢 high quality steel优质钢 advanced high quality steel高级优质钢 structure Steel 结构钢 tool Steel 工具钢 special steel特殊钢 stainless steel 不锈钢 Chapter 7
Words and Phases heat-resistant steel耐热钢 wear-resistant steel耐磨钢 tool刀具 steel tool量具 mould模具 impact toughness冲击韧性 fatigue strength疲劳强度 cold bending property冷弯性能 welding property焊接性能 Chapter 7
Words and Phases yield stress屈服强度 tensile strength抗拉强度 elongation伸长率 flexibility phase弹性阶段 yield phase屈服阶段 aggrandizement phase强化阶段 shrunken phase颈缩阶段 yield point屈服点 yield tensile ratio屈强比 Chapter 7
Words and Phases cross-section 断面 rupture断裂 cold working冷加工 cold drawing冷拉 cold drawn冷拔 rigidity硬度 aging时效 aging sensitivity时效敏感性 strengthen强化 Chapter 7
Words and Phases crystal晶体 crystal lattice晶格 aberration畸变 crystal grains晶粒 slid 滑移 steel bar for reinforced concrete钢筋 carbon structural steel碳素结构钢 codenames 牌号 mechanical property力学性能 Chapter 7
Words and Phases technical property技术标准 impact-resistance抗冲击性能 low-alloy and high-tensile steel低合金高强度结构钢 abrasive resistance耐磨性 corrosion resistance耐蚀性 low temperature resistance耐低温性 hot-roll steel热轧钢筋 cold rolled twisted steel冷拔低碳钢丝 Chapter 7
Words and Phases cold-drawing steel 冷拉钢丝 prestressing strand 钢绞线 ingot 钢锭 steel wire and strand of prestressed concrete预应力砼用钢丝、钢绞线 heat treatment steel of prestressed concrete预应力砼用热处理钢筋 cold rolled ribbed steel wires and bars冷轧带肋钢丝、钢筋 Back
Water Proofing Materials Chapter 8 Water Proofing Materials Back
Words and Phases water proofing material防水材料 petroleum asphalt石油沥青 waterproof sheet 防水卷材 high polymer modified bituminous sheet material高聚物改性沥青防水卷材 SBS modified bituminous sheet material SBS改性沥青防水材料 elastomer bituminous sheet material 弹性体沥青防水卷材 Chapter 8
Words and Phases APP modified bituminous sheet material APP改性沥青防水卷材 plastomer bituminous sheet material 塑性体沥青防水卷材 synthetic polymer water proof sheet 合成高分子防水卷材 waterproof conformation 防水构造 rigidity waterproof刚性防水 soft waterproof柔性防水 waterproof concrete 防水混凝土 Chapter 8
Words and Phases waterproof sheet防水卷材 waterproof coating防水涂料 joint material嵌缝材料 asphalt base water proofing material 沥青基防水材料 high polymer modified asphalt 高聚物改性沥青 synthetic polymer water proofing material合成高分子防水材料 Chapter 8
Words and Phases modified asphalt改性沥青 coal tar煤焦油 resin 树脂 rubber橡胶 synthetic polymer material 合成高分子材料 polymer高聚物 distillation蒸馏 crude oil 石油原油 Chapter 8
Words and Phases building petroleum asphalt建筑石油沥青 pavement petroleum asphalt道路石油沥青 ordinary petroleum asphalt普通石油沥青 oil component 油分 asphaltene 沥青质 viscosity粘度 adhesive ability粘结性 temperature stability温度稳定性 Chapter 8
Words and Phases paraffin soften point软化点 penetration degree针入度 colloid structure 胶体结构 sol type溶胶型 sol-gel type溶凝型 gel type凝胶型 Chapter 8
Words and Phases micelle胶团 hydrophobic material憎水性材料 adhesive force附着力 relative viscosity 相对粘度 solid or semi-solid petroleum asphalt 固体或半固体石油沥青 liquid petroleum asphalt液体石油沥青 normal viscosity标准粘度 Chapter 8
Words and Phases penetrometer针入度仪 ductility延度 standard viscidity标准粘度 normal viscidity instrument标准粘度计 ring and ball softening point instrument环球法软化点仪 distortion变形 glycerine甘油 Chapter 8
Words and Phases atmosphere stability大气稳定性（耐久性） evaporation蒸发 oven烘箱 solubility溶解度 cohesion粘性 bituminous waterproof sheet material沥青防水卷材 synthetic high polymer sheet 合成高分子卷材 Chapter 8
Words and Phases flexibility柔韧性 mechanical strength机械强度 breaking ability抗断裂性 flexible sheet waterproof material 可卷曲片状防水材料 modified bituminous改性沥青 support胎体 surface material覆面材料 Chapter 8
Words and Phases fabric纤维织物Words and Phases of Chapter Eight felt 纤维毡 polyethylene membrane 聚乙烯膜 fiberglass玻璃纤维 polyester felt聚酯毡 impermeability不透水性 heat resistance ability耐热度 elasticity柔度thermalplastic 热塑料 water impermeability 不透水性 Chapter 8
Chapter 9 Bituminous Mixture Back
Words and Phases bituminous mixture: 沥青混合料 mineral aggregate: 矿质集料 mineral mixture: 矿质混合物 petroleum asphalt admixture material: 石油沥青混合料 coal asphalt admixture material: 煤沥青混合料 hot-mixed and hot-spread: 热拌热铺 Chapter 9
Words and Phases hot-mixed and cool-spread: 热拌冷铺 cool-mixed and cool-spread: 冷拌冷铺 hypothermia flexibility: 低温柔性 surface theory: 表面理论 adhesive cement theory: 胶浆理论 dense-suspended type: 密实悬浮型 framework-interstice type: 骨架空隙型 Chapter 9
Words and Phases dense-framework type: 密实骨架型 continuity dense grading: 连续型密级配 continuity open-graded: 连续型开级配 discontinuity dense grading: 间断型密级配 coulomb theory: 库仑理论 shear resistance: 抗剪强度 triaxial shear test: 三轴剪切实验 Chapter 9
Words and Phases shear normal pressure stress: 剪切法向压应力 angle of internal friction: 内摩擦角 Limestone: 石灰石质 quartz stone: 石英石质 high temperature stability: 高温稳定性 marshall test: 马歇尔试验 stability: 稳定度 Chapter 9
Words and Phases wheel rut test: 轮辙试验 low temperature crack resistance: 低温抗裂性 stress: 应力 strain: 应变 limiting deformation: 极限变形 stiffness modulus: 劲度模量 the index of temperature shrinkage: 温度收缩系数 Chapter 9
Words and Phases the breakage temperature: 断裂温度 accelerated weathering test: 加速老化试验 marshall test: 马歇尔试验 porosity: 孔隙率 saturation degree: 饱和度 residual stability: 残留稳定度 skid resistance: 抗滑性 anti-friction stone耐磨石料 Chapter 9
Words and Phases heavy pavement petroleum asphalt: 交通道路石油沥青 medium, light pavement petroleum asphalt: 中、轻交通道路石油沥青 penetration degree: 针入度 prolongation: 延度 softening point: 软化点 flashing point: 闪点 Chapter 9
Words and Phases flow value: 流值 VB stability test: 维姆稳定度法 film oven heating test: 薄膜烘箱加热试验 hydrostatic balance: 静水天平 number solutions: 数解法 diagrammatic method: 图解法 THE END