第十二章 名詞子句 9962406 陳巧芬 9962411 賴孟屏 9962428 林珮雯

12-1名詞子句概述 子句是一群字詞的組合，包含主詞及動詞。 「獨立子句」(或主要子句)是完整句， 包含句中主要的主詞及動詞 (a) Sue lives in Tokyo. 獨立子句

主詞 動詞 受詞 ( b) I know where Sue lives. 名詞子句 (c) I know what he said. 「名詞子句」在句子中的作用和名詞相同： 用作受詞或主詞。 (c) I know what he said. 主詞 動詞 受詞 在(c)句中：名詞子句作動詞 know的受詞。

12 -2 以疑問詞為首的名詞子句 在名詞子句中，主詞放在動詞前面。 疑問句 ：Where does she live? 名詞子句不適用疑問句的詞序。 注意：does, did及do用於疑問句， 但不用於名詞子句。 疑問句 ：Where does she live? 名詞子句 ： I don't know where she lives.

名詞子句 ： I don't know who those men are. 疑問句 ： Who are those men? 名詞子句 ： I don't know who those men are. 主詞 動詞 在這句中，those men 是疑問句的主詞，所以在名詞子句中被置於be動詞之前。 疑問句 ： What should they do? 名詞子句 ： What they should do is obvious. 名詞子句當主詞用時，後面接單數動詞(如： is)。

12-3 以Whether或 lf 為首的名詞子句 註：在正式英文中，whether 較 if 常用。 問 句：will she come? 當Yes/no 問句被改為名詞子句時， 用whether或 if來引導子句。 註：在正式英文中，whether 較 if 常用。 在口語中，whether 和 if 都很常用。 問 句：will she come? 名詞子句：I don't know whether she will come. I don't know if she will come.

注意用到 or not 時的句型。 *I wonder whether or not she will come. *I wonder whether she will come or not. *I wonder if she will come or not.

12-4 後接不定詞的疑問詞 I don’t know what I should do. I don’t know what to do. Jim told us where we could find it. Jim told us where to find it. **疑問詞後面可接不定詞to **不定詞to所傳達的意思可為should或can/could

12-5以That為首的名詞子句 動詞 + That- 子句 I think that Bob will come. I think Bob will come. **口語中常將that省略 agree that ; believe that ; feel that ; know that…

2. 人 + Be + 形容詞 + That- 子句 Jan is happy (that) Bob called. 子句經常會接在某些特定的形容詞之後 I’m afraid that ; We’re proud that ; Jan is sorry that ; Jan is sure that… **to be afraid 有兩種可能的意義 (1.) I’m afraid of dogs. 我很怕狗 (2.) I’m afraid you have the wrong number. 不好意思你打錯電話了

3. It + Be + 形容詞 + That-子句 It is clear (that) Ann likes her new job. It’s good that ; It’s important that ; It’s nice that ; It’s possible that

4. That- 子句作主詞用 That Ann likes her new job is clear. **that- 子句雖然可能用作句中的主詞,但卻不常見. That- 子句當主詞用時,that不能省略. 比較常見的是,that- 子句當主詞用時,以the fact that當開頭,或是用it is fact所引導 Ex: The fact (that) Ann likes her new job is clear. It is a fact (that) Ann likes her new job.

12-6 引述原話 She said, “ My brother is a student.” *引述一個句子 She said, “ My brother is a student.” “My brother is a student,” she said. “My brother,” she said, “is a student.”

*引述一個以上的句子 “My brother is a student. He is attending a university.” she said. “My brother is a student,” she said. “He is attending a university.”

*引述一個疑問句或感嘆句 She asked, “When will you be here?” “When will you be here?” she asked. She said, “Watch out!”

**名詞主詞通常接在動詞之後 **代名詞主詞幾乎都至於動詞之前 Ex: “My brother is a student,” said Anna. “My brother,” said Anna, “is a student.” **代名詞主詞幾乎都至於動詞之前 Ex: “My brother is a student,” she said. **say及ask是引述句中最常用的動詞

12-7 間接引述: 名詞子句中的動詞形態 如果敘述用的動詞是過去簡單式名詞子句中的動詞通常也會用過去式。 “I have to watch TV. ” → She said she had to watch TV.

當間接引述的句子表示一般的真理時。 在間接引述中，祈使句變成不定詞。 “ The world is round.” → She said the world is round. 在間接引述中，祈使句變成不定詞。 “ watch TV.” → She told me to watch TV.

12-8含-ever字詞的用法 Whoever ( =Anyone who ) Whatever ( = anything that ) Whoever wants to come is welcome. Whatever ( = anything that ) He always says whatever comes into his mind.

Whenever (= at any time that ) You may leave whenever you wish. Wherever (= anyplace that ) She can go wherever she wants to go. However (= in any way that ) The students may dress however they please.