语法专项复习 ------宾语从句 重庆七中 叶 红

一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.

二、宾语从句三要素： 连 接 词 语 序 时 态

（一）连 接 词 1.连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。 I hear _____English is not easy. （一）连 接 词 1.连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。 I hear _____English is not easy. 2.if/ whether “是否”，用它引导从句， 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。 Could you tell me if (whether) Miss Brown lives in that house?

3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导： what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how, why, how far, how long, how many, how much, how often… 作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。 eg:I didn’t hear ____he wanted me to do. I want to know ____is that young man. Tom asked us____we would start the party.

即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Do you still remember _________(他说的话)? （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Do you still remember _________(他说的话)? （三）时态： 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。 主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

特殊情况： 1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，任用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

三、宾语从句注意事项 (一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? eg:I don’t know what’s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?

(二)只能用whether不能用if的情况 1.在介词后面： I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didn’t think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front.

3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时: I don’t know whether he’s free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中: We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week. 6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether： Whether he is right or wrong is a question. The question was whether he went there last night.

(三)用if不用whether的情况: 1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时： He asked me if I hadn’t finish my homework. 2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时: We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

四、宾语从句转化为简单句 I don’t know what to do next. 1.当主从句的主语一致时： 1) I don’t know what I shall do next. I don’t know what to do next. 2)John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy. John didn’t decide which shirt to buy.

2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时： 1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station? Can you tell me how to get to the police station? 2)Please show me how I should start the recorder. Please show me how to start the recorder.

3.当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时，如果主句和从句的主语 不一致，宾语从句可转化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构: The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

4.其他转换： 1)He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. 2)We found that the box was very heavy. We found the box very heavy.

Exercise: 1._____he will tell us ____ he didn’t take the money is still a question. A. if ;if B.whether; whether C. whether ;if D. if; whether 2.This is the room____ we lived in last year. 3.This is the room____ we lived last year. 4.It’s only two days____we spent on holidays.

6.This is the factory____we visited last week. A.It B. what C.which D.who 7. I don’t know____winter starts in China. 8.The potato is a kind of plant____in places ___it’s too cold to grow some other plants.

Goodbye!