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Case Report Reporter: Han, Sin-Jung Instructor: Lin, Jing-Meei Date: 104.10.23 1.

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Presentation on theme: "Case Report Reporter: Han, Sin-Jung Instructor: Lin, Jing-Meei Date: 104.10.23 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Case Report Reporter: Han, Sin-Jung Instructor: Lin, Jing-Meei Date: 104.10.23 1

2 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) 2 most common type 20-60yr Men are likely heart chambers dilate heart doesn't contract normally heart can't pump blood very well becomes weaker & heart failure American Heart Association – Dilated cardiomyopathy

3 Heart Failure Heart Failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through the heart to meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen. 3 American Heart Association – Heart Failure

4 Classes of Heart Failure ClassPatient Symptoms I No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath). II Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath). III Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. IV Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort increases. 4 American Heart Association - class of heart failure 2008/12 2015/09

5 心臟移植標準 一、待移植者適應症 (一)心臟衰竭且 Maximal VO2 < 10ml/Kg/min 。 (二)心臟衰竭達紐約心臟功能第四度,且 Maximal VO2 < 14ml/Kg/min 者。 (三)心臟衰竭: 1 、核醫檢查 LVEF < 20% ,經六個月以上藥物(包括 ACE inhibitor 、 Digoxin 、 Diuretics 等)治療仍無法改善。 2 、如有重度二尖瓣閉鎖不全,經核醫檢查 LVEF < 25% 者。 (四)嚴重心肌缺血,核醫檢查 LVEF < 20% ,經核醫心肌灌注掃描 及心導管等檢查,證實無法以傳統冠狀動脈繞道手術治療者。 (五)紐約心臟功能第四度,持續使用 Dopamine 或 Dobutamine > 5 mcg/Kg/min 七天以上,經核醫檢查 LVEF < 25% 或心臟指數 ( Cardiac index )< 2.0L/min/m2 者。 (六)心臟衰竭已使用 ECMO 、 VAD 等心臟輔助器且無法斷離者。 (七)復發有症狀的心室性不整脈,無法以公認有效方法治療者。 (八)其他末期心臟衰竭,無法以傳統手術方法矯正者。 5 財團法人器官捐贈移植登錄中心 >> 器官捐贈移植 >> 等候移植登錄基準

6 Evidence base Pre-transplant medical nutrition therapy: Recommended lifestyle changes prior to transplantation include restricting alcohol consumption, losing weight, exercising, quitting smoking, and eat low-sodium diet. Extremes in body weight ( 140% of IBW ) increase the patient’s risk for infection, diabetes, morbidity, and higher mortality. 6 Wexler et al., 2010 Krause’s: Food and the nutrition case process(13th ed.)777

7 Evidence base Critically ill cardiothoracic patients are catabolic and have fairly hefty protein requirement at 1.5-2.0g/kg/d if ideal body weight at BMI>30 kg/m 2 and usual body weight if BMI ≦ 25 kg/m 2. 7 Nutrition Intervention in the Critically Ill Cardiothoracic Patient. Nutr Clin Pract June 2012 27: 323-334.

8 Patient 姓名 : 李 OO 年齡 : 54yr Psychological History and Evaluation 意識狀態 : 警醒 認知功能 : 正常 精神情緒狀態 : 異常 焦 慮 社會心理相關評估 (Psychosocial Assessment) 教育程度 : 大學 職業 : 商 宗教信仰 : 道教 婚姻狀態 : 已婚 使用語言 : 國語 台語 抽煙 : 沒有 喝酒 : 沒有 檳榔 : 沒有 物質濫用 : 沒有 8

9 Diagnosed (2015/09-) (1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), heart failure 2009/01/15, NYHA Functional class IV (2) Atrial flutter (3) Type 2 DM for 14 years under insulin control (4) Macular degeneration (5) Chronic kidney disease, stage III (6) Hyperuricemia (7) Hyperlipidemia (8) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (9) History of gastric ulcer bleeding. 9

10 History Congestive heart failure (CHF) was diagnosed in 長庚 H. Hyperlipidemia was diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) diagnosed in NTUH. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with bi- ventricular pacemakers (CRT-P) in NTUH NTUH (due to dyspnea, decreased urine amount, and bilateral leg edema) 10 1989 2008 2009/01 2015/02 1992 1994

11 Process 9/4 – 5CVI 9/6 Due to impaired liver, renal function and elevated lactic acid (indicated muscle poor perfusion), he was sent to ICU for CVVH. (K=6.6mmol/L) Heart transplantation would be the final situation to his DCMP. However, he is the 3rd cis- position on the list, which means, no transplantation in recent 3 months at least. 11 2015/09

12 Visit 12 9/179/2410/810/9 SOAP 1SOAP 2SOAP 3 出院衛教

13 9/17 SOAP1 13

14 S1 覺得醫院餐很好吃,飯、肉和菜都會吃 光,水果部分遇到西瓜、葡萄、柳丁才會 吃。 入院前曾經 1.5-2 個月每日食用 1-2 顆奇異 果,入院後曾被發現鉀有高到 6.6 ,因此 有查看過食物代換手冊,會避免高鉀水果 水份大約都喝 200-300mL 的水 14

15 O1 Diet: 低鉀飲食 ( 抗凝血 / 限水 1000mL/ 限鈉 2000mg Height: 165.6 cm Weight: 65.9 kg BMI=24.0 15 General BioChemistry 09/17 Alb(g/dL)3.4 T-BIL(mg/dL)1.75 ALT(U/L)49 UN(mg/dL)38.9 CRE(mg/dL)1.3 Na(mmol/L)132 K(mmol/L)4.9 Ca(mmol/L)2.17 Mg(mmol/L)0.78 Sugar (one touch) time0630113017302200 9/15273258191298 9/16126252339284 9/17278304274289 Estimate energy requirement: BEE= 66+13.7*65.9+5*165.6- 6.8*54=1425.5  1425.5*1.2 = 1710.6  1800 kcal/day ( ≒ 30 kcal/kg BW) Estimate protein requirement: 67 g/day ( ≒ 1.0g/kg BW) Insulin regular : 0700/1200/1800 各 8U Insulin suspension: 2100 10U

16 A1 體位 =within normal range Blood sugar poor control Hypoalbuminemia (< 3.5 g/dL) Good compliance Undesirable food choices 修正錯誤知識 Calorie intake: adequate (97-100%) Protein intake: adequate (100%) 16

17 P1 Diet  成人糖尿飲食 1800kcal/ 抗凝血 / 低鉀 / 限水 1500mL/ 限鈉 2000mg 糖尿病飲食衛教 + 低鉀飲食 糖尿飲食原則介紹 食物代換表介紹 定時定量 全穀根莖類 : 11 份 / 天 豆魚肉蛋類 : 6-7 份 / 天 水果類 :2 份 / 天 低鉀飲食原則 : 介紹高鉀蔬菜、水果 Follow up input / output and body weight everyday. 17

18 9/24 SOAP 2 18

19 S2 遇到菜梗多的時候會剩下菜梗 若遇到肉塊 6 塊左右,只會吃 5 塊 水果部分一樣遇到西瓜、葡萄、柳丁才會 吃,大部分都吃家裡帶來的蘋果和芭樂,一 天兩次,一次大約快 100 克左右,分別在午 餐、晚餐的時候吃。 一天喝水 300-400mL (fluid intake: 200-300mL/day  300- 400mL/day ) 19

20 O2 General BioChemistry 09/1709/2109/24 Alb(g/dL)3.4-3.9 T-BIL(mg/dL)1.75-1.95 AST(U/L)--- ALT(U/L)49-22 LDH(U/L)--- UN(mg/dL)38.939.849.3 CRE(mg/dL)1.3 1.7 UA(mg/dL)-8.7- Na(mmol/L)132138137 K(mmol/L)4.94.24.4 Ca(mmol/L)2.17-2.34 Mg(mmol/L)0.78-0.92 20 Diet: 成人糖尿飲食 1800kcal/ 抗凝血 / 低鉀 / 限 水 1500mL/ 限鈉 2000mg Height: 165.6 cm Weight: 65.9 --> 62.2kg BMI=22.7 Sugar (one touch) time0630113017302200 9/22146206195201 9/23170211133147 9/24829812293 HbA1c 8.4 Estimate energy requirement: 1800 kcal/day (30 kcal/kg BW) Estimate protein requirement: 72-90 g/day (1.2-1.5g/kg BW) Insulin regular: 0700/1200/1800 各 8U Insulin glargine: 2100 24U

21 A2 體位 = within normal range 血糖控制改善 尿素氮過高 (>35 mg/dL) 尿酸過高 (>7 mg/dL) Calorie intake: adequate (97-100%) Protein intake: adequate (95%) 21

22 P2 糖尿病飲食衛教 + 低鉀飲食 水果部分定時定量 高鉀水果介紹 維持目前飲食控制 增加飲用水 - 水份份量依照醫師醫囑 Follow up input / output and body weight everyday. 22

23 10/8 SOAP 3 23

24 S3 醫院飲食會將飯吃完 ; 青菜部分遇到太硬的菜 梗會剩下 ; 肉塊如果看起來較多 (6 塊 ), 大概會 留下 1 塊 在 10/5 的時候曾在晚餐的時候吃了 200g 左右 的水果, 其餘時間都將水果分兩餐吃 一天水份喝 500-600mL (fluid intake: 200-300mL/day  300-400mL/day ) 24

25 O3 General BioChemistry 09/2410/0510/08 Alb(g/dL)3.9 T-BIL(mg/dL)1.951.741.73 ALT(U/L)221615 UN(mg/dL)49.359.560.3 CRE(mg/dL)1.7 1.8 UA(mg/dL) 8.3 Na(mmol/L)137132135 K(mmol/L)4.45.24.1 Ca(mmol/L)2.34 Mg(mmol/L)0.92 25 Sugar (one touch) time060009202200 10/484-154 10/594-205 10/6134-162 10/778161119 10/873-86 Diet: 成人糖尿飲食 1800kcal/ 抗凝血 / 低鉀 / 限水 1500mL/ 限鈉 2000mg Height: 165.6 cm Weight: 65.9 (9/17)  62.2kg (9/24)  61.7kg (10/8) BMI=22.7 Estimate energy requirement: 1800 kcal/day (30 kcal/kg BW) Estimate protein requirement: 75-90 g/day (1.2~1.3g/kg BW) Insulin regular: 0700/1200/1800 各 8U Insulin glargine: 2100 12U

26 Drugs 藥名劑量 / 途徑作用飲食上注意事項 Warfarin Sodium 1 Tab / PO 預防血栓形成深綠色蔬菜應定 時定量 Spironolact one 1 Tab/ PO 利尿限水 1500Ml/day Bumetanide1 Tab / PO 利尿限水 1500Ml/day Febuxostat1 Tab / PO 治療痛風、高 尿酸血症 糖尿病飲食原則 Regular Insulin Inj 10U&8U&8U / SC 補充體內胰島 素分泌之不足 糖尿病飲食原則 Insulin Glargine 12U/ SC 補充體內胰島 素分泌之不足 糖尿病飲食原則 Insulin suspension 24U/ SC 補充體內胰島 素分泌之不足 糖尿病飲食原則 26

27 I/O record 27 醫生調藥

28 A3 體位 = within normal range 高尿素氮 (>35 mg/dL) 高肌酸酐 (>1.5 mg/dL) 高尿酸 (>7 mg/dL) Calorie intake: adequate (97-98%) Protein intake: adequate (95-97%) 28

29 P3 肌酸酐、尿素氮、尿酸過高 改  Estimate protein requirement: 75-80 g/day (1.2~1.3g/kg BW) 糖尿病飲食衛教 複習食物份量 定時定量 水份部分依照醫生的醫囑 (300-400mL/day  500-600mL/day) 29

30 10/19 出院衛教 30 糖尿飲食衛教 (1800kcal/day 、三餐 ) (1) 依建議熱量,定時定量 ( 建議每天給予 1800 大卡 ) (2) 食物代換表介紹 & 份量控制 (3) 食物水份含量介紹 (4) 體重控制 (5) 外食技巧 抗凝血飲食衛教 : 午餐時 0.5 碗深綠色青菜 低鉀飲食衛教 : (1) 高鉀蔬菜介紹 & 外食技巧 (2) 高鉀水果介紹 低鈉飲食衛教 : 市售醬料含鈉量 ( 限鈉 =2000mg/day)

31 Meal plan 份數 奶類奶類蔬菜類*水果類﹢全穀根莖類肉魚豆蛋類油脂類 早餐 1#1 321 午餐 11422 晚餐 11422 總份數 1321165 31 熱量 :1800 kcal (30kcal/kg BW) 蛋白質 : 75-80g (1.2-1.3g/kg BW) # 低脂奶 *抗凝血飲食原則 + 低鉀飲食原則 – 午餐選擇 1 份深綠色蔬菜 ; 蔬菜皆燙 過後再炒 ﹢低鉀飲食原則 – 避免高鉀水果

32 Weight change (9/17-10/12) 32

33 總結 給予糖尿病飲食衛教為大原則,接著介 紹低鈉、低鉀以及抗凝血的飲食原則, 目的是希望病人在均衡飲食之下,還能 夠配合自己本身的疾病以及藥物做飲食 上的調整。 在病人接受心臟移植手術之前,都希望 能夠維持均衡飲食,並且做好體重控 制,以利於未來即將面對的手術。 33


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