高级口译 笔记 Owner:徐晓晶.

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1 高级口译 笔记 Owner:徐晓晶

2 中国国家机关名称 中国各级党政机关干部名称英译名 中国一些流行词语的英文表达 与学校相关词汇

3 中国国家机关名称 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium
常务委员会Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee 外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee 教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee

4 法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs
特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission 最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate 国务院State Council （1）国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology

5 国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence 国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部 Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部 Ministry of State Security 监察部 Ministry of Supervision 民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部 Ministry of Justice 财政部 Ministry of Finance 人事部 Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁路部 Ministry of Railways 交通部 Ministry of Communications 信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources

6 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 卫生部Ministry of Public Health 国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国人民银行People’s Bank of China 国家审计署State Auditing Administration (2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council 侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office 法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs 经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office

7 (3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council
海关总署General Administration of Customs 国家税务总局State Taxation Administration 国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration 中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) 国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration 国家统计局State Statistics Bureau 国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce 新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration 国家版权局State Copyright Bureau 国家林业局State Forestry Bureau 国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA) 国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) 国家旅游局National Tourism Administration 国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs 国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council 国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council

8 (4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council
新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency 中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering 国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council 国家行政学院National School of Administration 中国地震局China Seismological Bureau 中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau 中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)

9 (5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)
国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission) 国家国内贸易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade 国家煤炭工业局 State Bureau of Coal Industry 国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry 国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry 国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry 国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry 国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry 国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry 国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau 国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry (以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)

10 国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)
国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources) 国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto) 国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry) 国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture) 国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health) 国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China) 国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs) BACK

11 中国各级党政机关干部名称英译名 中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员 Member, Central Committee 候补委员 Alternate Member 省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress 秘书长 Secretary-General 主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member

12 （地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People's Congress 人大代表 Deputy to the People's Congress 国务院总理 Premier, State Council 国务委员 State Councilor 秘书长 Secretary-General （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for （国务院各部）部长 Minister 部长助理 Assistant Minister 司长 Director 局长 Director 省长 Governor 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government 地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture 香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

13 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor 区长 Chief Executive, District Government 县长 Chief Executive, County Government 乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government 秘书长 Secretary-General 办公厅主任 Director, General Office （部委办）主任 Director 处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief 科长/股长 Section Chief 科员 Clerk/Officer 发言人 Spokesman 顾问 Adviser 参事 Counselor 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor 特派员 Commissioner 人民法院院长 President, People's Courts 人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People's Tribunals

14 审判长 Chief Judge 审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court 法医 Legal Medical Expert 法警 Judicial Policeman 人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People's procuratorates 监狱长 Warden 律师 Lawyer 公证员 Notary Public 总警监 Commissioner General 警监 Commissioner 警督 Supervisor 警司 Superintendent 警员 Constable

15 中国一些流行词语的英文表达 1. 素质教育 ：Quality Education
2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient， 另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业： the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers

16 11. 出口信贷： export credit 12. 贷款质量： loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程： flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易 ： illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦 ： excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策 ： pro-active fiscal policy

17 26. 基本生活费： basic allowance
27. 解除劳动关系： sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全： economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求 ： the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库： grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场： grain sales market 37. 劣质工程： shoddy engineering 38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40. 融资渠道： financing channels

18 41. 商业信贷原则： the principles for commercial credit
42. 社会保险机构： social security institution 43. 失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits 44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 45. 外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationization 48. 智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工： laid-off workers 51. 分流： reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育： education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况： law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家： nation state

19 56. “台独”： "independence of Taiwan 57. 台湾当局： Taiwan authorities
58. 台湾同胞 ： Taiwan compatriots 59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60. 西部大开发 ： Development of the West Regions 61. 可持续性发展： sustainable development 62. 风险投资 ： risk investment 63. 通货紧缩 ： deflation 64. 扩大内需 ： to expand domestic demand 65. 计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 66. 网络空间： cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实： virtual reality 68. 网民 ： netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪 ： computer crime 70. 电子商务： the e-business 71. 网上购物 ： shopping online 72. 应试教育： exam-oriented education 73. 学生减负 ： to reduce study load

20 74. “厄尔尼诺”：（EL Nino） 75. “拉尼娜”：（La Nina） 76. “智商”：（IQ） 77. “情商”：（EQ） 78. “第三产业”：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of e nterprises）79．“第四产业”：（quaternary/inFORMation industry） 79. “军嫂”：（military spouse） 80. “峰会”（香港译“极峰会议”）”：summit(conference) 81. “克隆”：clone 82. “冰毒”：ice 83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach 84. “传销”：multi level marketing 85. “（计算机）2000年问题”：Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 86. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book) 87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名， 焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)； 88. “白条”：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来）

21 89. “巡回招聘”：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院， 向 求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。
90. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff； 91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones； 92. “市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priorit y as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda； 93. “两个基本点”：two focal points，two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC，I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles an d the policies reFORM，opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。 94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors，a muchsought piece of hand ， popular investment spot 95. “移动电话”：本系cellular（有时简作cel）或mobile（tele）phone 96. “三角债”：chain debts或debt chains 97. “拳头产品”：knockout product

22 98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline（打电话告诉一件欺诈事件）
99. “三通”的现译文three links：link of trade，travel and post 100. “外资”：overseas investments 101. “开放”：open to the outside world 102. “联防”：community/teampolicing（一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理） 103. “三陪服务”：escort services（陪伴服务）。 104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty 105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall p rofit也好) 106. “暴发户”：upstart，parvenu，noov（e），nouveau riche（new rich），jumped-up people(口语) 107. “快餐”：snack（food），quick meal，fast（food，meal），takeaway，carryout， MRE（meals ready to eat） “一次（性/用）” 108. 一次处理：single/primary treatment； 109. 一次污染：primary pollution；

23 110. 一次冻透：straight；freez-ing；
111. 一次空气：fresh/primary air； 112. 一次爆破：onepull； 113. 一次付清： pay in full； 114. 一次消费：one-time-consumption； 115. 一次误差：first-order error； 116. 一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture； 117. 一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment； 118. 一次性杯子：sanitary cup； 119. 一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks； 120. 一次性收入：lump-sum payment； 121. 一次用包装：non-returnable container； 122. 一次用相机：single-use camera 123. 西部开发：Develop Western Regions 124. 假日经济：Holiday Economy 125. 手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone 126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use? 127. 电脑病毒：Computer Viruses 128. 网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes

24 129. 旅游热：Tourism Wave 130. 打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children 131. 反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle 132. 黑客：Hackers 133. 减负：Reduction of Students’ Study Load 134. 中国加入世贸组织：China’s Entry into the WTO 135. 沙尘暴：Sandstorms 136. 告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999 137. 千年虫：The Millennium Bug 138. 千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams 139. 拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium 140. 网上购物：Shopping on the Net 141. 参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books 142. 因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet 143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map 144. 高校合并：The Merging of Universities 145. 网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet

25 146. 何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?
147. 中国的外资：China’s foreign Investment 148. 中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China 149. 性教育：Sex Education 150. 明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet 151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class? 152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System 153. 中国的因特网：Internet in China 154. 中国的电脑：Computers in China 155. 中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China 156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away? 157. 家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring 158. 教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nation’s Future

26 159. 电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries
160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented 161. 提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind 162. 计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction 163. 自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM 164. 展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century 165. 盗版问题：Problem of Piracy 166. 学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn 167. 假文凭：Fake Diplomas 168. 书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books 169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery? 170. 兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job 171. 无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment 172. 留学海外：Studying Abroad 173. 发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment? 174. 电子邮件：The Internet

27 175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age
176. 努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge 177. 深化（中国的）改革：Deepen China’s ReFORM 178. 因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 179. 我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet? 180. 大学英语考试：College English Test 181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary? 182. 廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century BACK

28 与学校相关词汇 instruction, education 教育 culture 文化 dictation 听写
primary education 初等教育 secondary education 中等教育 higher education 高等教育 the three R's 读、写、算 school year 学年 term, trimester 学季 semester 学期 school day 教学日 school holidays 假期 curriculum 课程 subject 学科 discipline 纪律 timetable 课程表 class, lesson 课 homework 家庭作业 exercise 练习 dictation 听写 spelling mistake 拼写错误 (short) course 短训班 seminar 研讨班 playtime, break 课间,休息 to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课 course (of study) 学业 student body 学生(总称) classmate, schoolmate 同学 pupil 小学生 student 大学生 schoolboy 男生 schoolgirl 女生 auditor 旁听生 swot, grind 用功的学生 old boy 老生 grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金 holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者 school uniform 校服

29 teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)
teachers 教师(总称) primary school teacher 小学老师 teacher lecturer 大学老师 professor 教授 schooling 教授,授课 assistant 助教 headmaster 校长 (女性为:headmistress) deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长 rector 校长 dean 教务长 laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员 beadle, porter 门房,学校工友 games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师 private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师 pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称) of school age 教龄 beginning of term 开学 matriculation 注册 to enroll, to enroll 予以注册 to take lessons (学生)上课 to teach (老师)上课 to study 学习 to learn by heart 记住,掌握 to revise, to go over 复习 competitive examination 答辩考试 test 考试 to test 考试 to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试 convocation notice 考试通知 examiner 考试者 board of examiners 考试团 examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试 question 问题 question paper 试卷 crib 夹带 (美作:trot) to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试 pass, passing grade 升级 prizegiving 分配奖品 to fall an examination 未通过考试 failure 未考好 to repeat a year 留级 degree 学位 graduate 毕业生 to graduate 毕业 project, thesis 毕业论文 General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书 (美作:high school diploma) holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生 (美作:holder of a high school diploma) doctorate 博士学位 doctor 博士 BACK