2013年职称英语精讲班 第二讲 阅读理解 内容提要： 阅读理解出题特点 如何解答阅读理解题？

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1 2013年职称英语精讲班 第二讲 阅读理解 内容提要： 阅读理解出题特点 如何解答阅读理解题？
第二讲 阅读理解 内容提要： 阅读理解出题特点 如何解答阅读理解题？ 重要阅读理解习题讲解(Common-cold Sense)

2 三篇阅读理解考题中通常有一篇来自职称英语教材(2013/卫生类)
阅读理解出题特点 三篇阅读理解考题中通常有一篇来自职称英语教材(2013/卫生类) 2. 阅读材料短文长度300—450/500词 短文主题主要涉及医学研究, 也会出现主题自然环境, 社会与文化的短文 卫生A Caffeine(咖啡因) Some people don’t taste salt like others(咸味因人而异) Gross National Happiness(全民幸福) 卫生B New attempts to eradicate AIDS(根除艾滋病的新尝试) Genetic engineering (遗传工程) 卫生C Eat healthy(健康饮食) Puerto Rican Cuisine(波多黎各的菜肴)

3 3.包括三种基本题型(细节题是考查重点) 主旨题 细节题 实义词题 词汇题 篇章词汇题(e.g. the problem ) 细节题
职称英语出题特点 3.包括三种基本题型(细节题是考查重点) 主旨题 细节题 实义词题 词汇题 篇章词汇题(e.g. the problem ) 细节题 细节信息查找题 推断题 逻辑题 (因果逻辑)

4 可以用技巧答题(线索词定位法), 但有技巧有效率弱化的趋势 --- 要求考生具有基本阅读能力 (2012/A/ Caffeine)
职称英语阅读理解出题特点 可以用技巧答题(线索词定位法), 但有技巧有效率弱化的趋势 --- 要求考生具有基本阅读能力 (2012/A/ Caffeine) Drinking coffee or tea may help ____. lower the incidence of being overweight.(无中生有) lower the incidence of non-melanoma(黑色素瘤) skin cancer. C. increase the incidence of endometrial(子宫内膜的) cancer.(不一致) D. increase the incidence of liver cancer. (不一致)

5 职称英语阅读理解出题特点 （第一段）Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. ➊ Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤） skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. ➋Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(子宫内膜的) cancer-that is, cancer of the cells lining the uterus (子宫). The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen (雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; ➌caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化） and liver cancer.

6 如何解答职称英语阅读理解题? “线索词定位法” : 利用细节题中的题干及被选项中的名词,名词短语,动名词, 数字, 数词, 时间状语, 地点状语作为定位线索, 在短文中寻找相关句, 并对比相关句和题干的用词和意义特点判断答案.

7 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
(第一段) 　You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it.  Maybe it got the name “common cold”  because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. (第二段) Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.

8 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
(第三段) There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it—but only it. (第四段)Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. （第五段）Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.

9 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
(第六段) But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? （第七段）The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar（or honey）, lemon, and water have real benefits.

10 Common-cold Sense According to the essay, you may have a cold because ____. it is caused by the cold winter weather. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected. because another person's coughing passes the cold to you. because you wash your hands too often. 2. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is ____. to keep yourself clean. to use a disinfectant soap. to take two aspirin pills every day. to drink lots of water.

11 Common-cold Sense 3. Children have more colds because ____
they are usually infected about eight times each year. they are not immune to many cold viruses. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty. they don't like eating lemon. 4. When you are having a cold, ____ A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time. B. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time. C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time. D. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.

12 Common-cold Sense 5. When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT ____ coughing. having a sore throat. having a runny nose. D. having a stomachache.

13 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
According to the essay, you may have a cold because ____. it is caused by the cold winter weather. the spread of rhinoviruses(鼻病毒) gets people infected. because another person's coughing passes the cold to you. because you wash your hands too often. (第一段) 　You can‘t beat it, but you don’t have to join it.  Maybe it got the name “common cold”  because it‘s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn’t have anything to do with getting one(与A不一致). Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses(与B一致), and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. (第四段)

14 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
(第四段)Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing(打喷嚏) or coughing(与C不一致). From another person‘s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route(路径)(与D不一致). The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.

15 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
2. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is ____. to keep yourself clean. to use a disinfectant(消毒剂) soap. to take two aspirin pills every day. to drink lots of water. （第五段）Hygiene(卫生) is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably(更好地) with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. （第七段）The old prescription((处方) of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar（or honey）, lemon, and water have real benefits.

16 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
3. Children have more colds because ____ (先果后因) they are usually infected about eight times each year. they are not immune to many cold viruses. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty. they don't like eating lemon. (第二段) Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.

17 例题解析: common-cold Sense
4. When you are having a cold, ___ it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time. C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time. D. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time. (第三段) There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it—but only it.

18 例题解析: Common-cold Sense
5. When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT ____ coughing. having a sore throat. (sneezing) having a runny nose. D. having a stomachache. (第六段) But even careful hygiene(卫生) won‘t ward off (挡住)every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing(打喷嚏), runny nose strikes?

19 职称英语阅读重要词和其他可能成为考点的信息
(第一段) 　➊You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it.  ➋Maybe it got the name “common cold”  because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least➌so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. (第二段) ❹Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.

20 例题解析: common-cold sense
(第三段) ❺There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it—but only it. (第四段)Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person‘s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. ❻The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails(指甲盖) of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. （第五段）Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, ❼preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.

21 例题解析: common-cold sense
(第六段) 　But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? （第七段）❽The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. ❾But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar（or honey）, lemon, and water have real benefits　

22 祝大家学习愉快，顺利通过2013年职称英语考试！
请完成在线作业（两篇阅读理解） 本讲内容结束。 祝大家学习愉快，顺利通过2013年职称英语考试！