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Immunity to protozoa and worms Primary immunodeficiency

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1 Immunity to protozoa and worms Primary immunodeficiency
Huan-Yao Lei, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology & Immunology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University

2 Summary of Chapter 15 Immunity to protozoa and worms
Parasites stimulate a variety of immune defense mechanism. Parasitic infections are often chronic and affect many people. Parasites have many different escape mechanism. Parasitic infections have immunopatholgical consequences. Vaccines against human parasites are not available.

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10 Summary of Chapter 16 Primary immunodeficiency
Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Defects in B cell function. Poor T cell function. Hereditary complement component defects. Genetic defects of phagocytes. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD).

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20 Important points needed to understand after class
Regulation of immune response to various infectious agents. The characteristics of parasite infection. The consequence of primary immunodeficiency.

21 自由時報2011/1/14日報導 疾管局昨日發布國內今年首宗校園新型流感群聚感染事件,為新北市三名國小三年級學童,所幸均為輕症,三人均未接種H1N1及季節性流感疫苗,呼籲民眾注意預防外,也要趕緊接種疫苗。入冬以後,氣候濕冷溫差大,國內流感疫情也隨之升溫,上週流感重症個案單週增幅達一倍以上,疾管局副局長林頂表示,除了這起群聚事件之外,昨天單日也一口氣新增十三例流感重症病例,年齡從一歲到七十歲都有,其中有三分之二是青壯成人,十三例也都沒接種流感疫苗。林頂指出,現階段流感主要病毒已由先前的AH3反轉以H1N1為主,H1N1已佔了六成,其次是B型流感,再來才是AH3,目前流感主要流行的病毒株與疫苗成分相當吻合,保護效果佳,為保護自己與家人,接種疫苗還是最佳預防方式。近來流感重症病例青壯年佔了多數,成年人很少會發燒,所以更要注意會引起高燒的病症,流感是感染流感病毒造成,通常來得又急又猛,且會有攝氏三十八度以上的高燒,至於感冒沒有特定病原,有時不一定會發燒,所以成年人一旦有高燒不退及極度倦怠,四十八小時內應就醫及時投藥,才能平安度過流感季節。請說明: 一、群聚感染和群體(herd immunity)免疫力的關連。 二、小孩、成年人、老年人感染流感病毒的差異。 三、新型H1N1、季節性流感A型、B型,H1N1, H3N2的演變。

22 Chapter 9, ,中國時報報導 「呼吸道融合病毒, Respiratory syncytial virus」是引發新生兒感染支氣管炎及肺炎,甚至住院的主要原因之一,6至8成的急性支氣管炎是因遭受這類病毒感染所致。秋天是呼吸道融合病毒感染好發的季節,家長應盡量少讓小朋友出入公共場所,在抱嬰兒前,應確實洗手,由於病毒可以停留在門把、毛巾等物品上,至少2到8小時,如果沒有做好個人衛生,勤加洗手,就可能將病毒傳給小寶寶。為了給早產兒多一道防護,將從12月1日起給付「呼吸道融合病毒」預防針劑,早產兒感染呼吸道融合病毒,病情容易惡化,住院機率高,日後年紀稍長,併發嚴重支氣管炎風險高出兩倍。患有先天性肺病、心臟疾病的早產兒是感染呼吸道融合病毒的高危險群。很多小朋友並沒有氣喘的家族史,但一感冒就犯氣喘,很可能小時候感染過呼吸道融合病毒,所留下的後遺症。健保局統計,每年約有600名高危險群早產兒,每針2萬多元的藥費,需連續施打5個月,1個月1針,預計可以幫每個高危險的早產兒省下10萬元藥費。本次列入給付的新藥palivizumab注射劑,屬於人類免球蛋白的單株抗體,可以抑制病毒的活性,建議劑量為15mg/kg,每月施打一次,連續5個月,約可降低45-35%因感染病毒而住院的機率。


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