EtherNet/IP介绍 介绍.

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1 EtherNet/IP介绍 介绍

2 Agenda Challenges of Ethernet for Industrial Control
Ethernet/IP (Industrial Protocol) Stack Overview Producer/Consumer Model in CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) & its benefits Object Model of CIP & Ethernet/IP Connection Objects & Connection ID (CID) Ethernet/IP Adaptation of CIP Ethernet/IP Today CIP Safety & CIP Sync

3 计算机通信网络模型 S1 S2 应用层 7 表示层 6 会话层 5 传输层 4 网络层 3 链路层 2 物理层 1 应用层 7 表示层 6
应用层 7 表示层 6 会话层 5 传输层 4 网络层 3 链路层 2 物理层 1 S1 应用层 7 表示层 6 会话层 5 传输层 4 网络层 3 链路层 2 物理层 1 S2 数 据 数 据 封装 数 据 H7 数 据 H7 卸装 数 据 H7 H6 H7 数 据 H6 数 据 H7 H6 H5 H7 数 据 H5 H6 数 据 H7 H6 H5 H4 H7 数 据 H4 H5 H6 数 据 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H7 数 据 H3 H4 H5 H6 H2 数 据 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 T2 H7 数 据 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 T2 帧 H2 数 据 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 T2 H7 数 据 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 T2 报头(Header) H7~H2 报尾(Trailer) T2 传输介质 国际标准化组织(ISO)公布的开放系统互连(OSI)参考模型共有七层

4 CSMA/CD Token Bus Token Ring
局域网(LAN)协议层次(1/2) LAN协议 IEEE802 应用层 7 表示层 6 会话层 5 传输层 4 网络层 3 链路层 2 物理层 1 高 层 逻辑链路控制层(LLC) 介质访问控制层(MAC) CSMA/CD Token Bus Token Ring IEEE： Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气电子工程师学会 LAN ： Local Area Network 局域网 物 理 层

5 局域网(LAN)协议层次(2/2) 逻辑链路控制层(LLC) ： 介质访问控制层(MAC) ： 向上提供高层服务，
向下提供介质访问控制层的接口， 发送时，把数据装配成带有站地址段、控制段、CRC段的帧， 接收时，拆卸帧、识别站地址、CRC校验； 介质访问控制层(MAC) ： 管理网络上站之间的通信，采用以下三种MAC方式： CSMA/CD(IEEE802.3)为 碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问 ，采用总线网络， 其控制策略是 载波侦听、 竞争发送、冲突检测、遇冲突 后退和再试发送； Token Bus(IEEE802.4)为令牌总线控制技术，总线上所有站形成一个 逻辑环，令牌在总线网络上传送，收到令牌的站，决定是否发送或 接收，然后再将令牌传给下一站； Token Ring(IEEE802.5)为令牌环控制技术，站点形成一个环形网,令牌在 环形网上传送，想要发送信息的站把令牌抓住,并把令牌的某个特定 位由0变为1，随后再处理并发送信息 ； CSMA/CD:Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

6 数据链路层的介质访问控制协议 (Media Access Control-MAC) Protocol
网络上各节点要通信时，哪个节点有优先权在网上发送数据？几个节点同时在网上发送数据，发生“碰撞”时，谁有权继续发送？ 各种网络的MAC协议就是负责整个“仲裁”的。 以太网采用“碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问” (Carrier Sense multiple Access with Collision Detection---CSMA/CD)仲裁机制。 DeviceNet, CAN采用“优先级仲裁”机制:“非破坏性逐位仲裁载波侦听多路访问”( Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Nondestructive Bit-wise Arbitration--CSMA/NBA)。 Profibus和ControlNet都是令牌总线型控制网络。

7 以太网采用“碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问” 仲裁机制
CSMA/CD

8 Ethernet for Control  Performance ?
Customers have been using Ethernet on the plant for years Linkage to higher level business systems Human Machine Interface (HMI) applications Ethernet - CSMA/CD is inherently not deterministic, but with the following features used in the network, collisions are eliminated and performance is repeatable. Fast Ethernet (100Mbps Ethernet) Ethernet switch technology Full Duplex data transmission

9 Ethernet & TCP/IP suite
FTP HTTP BOOTP DHCP SMTP SNMP Many protocols provided a wide range of functionality focused on office and business level communications. Application Data Link Physical Network Transport ARP RARP OSPF TCP IGMP IGRP UDP IP ICMP IEEE Ethernet

10 应用层 of “Industrial Ethernet”
For simple device connectivity, control vendors implemented their own vendor-specific (i.e. proprietary) protocols encapsulated in TCP/IP packets Vendor Specific TCP IP BOOTP DHCP Application Data Link Physical Network Transport FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP What was needed to cost-effectively extend Ethernet to more factory floor networking applications was an application layer that would meet the requirements for real-time control that leverages standard TCP/IP… TCP UDP OSPF ICMP IGMP IGRP ARP IP RARP IEEE Ethernet

11 Growth of Industrial Ethernet
Industrial Ethernet growth seen at 84% annually Source: ARC Advisory Group

12 工业控制网络中的报文: 显性报文和I/O报文
显性报文（Explicit messaging）： 显性报文用来上载和下载程序，修改设备组态，记载数据日志，作趋势分析和诊断等功能. 它们的结构十分灵活，数据域中带有通讯网络所采用的协议信息和要求操作服务的指令.,每个节点（设备）必须解释每个显性报文，操作所请求的任务，并生成回应。为按通讯协议解释这种显性报文，在真正要用到的数据上必须有较大一块的附加量(overhead)。这种类型的报文在数据量的大小和使用频率上都是非常不确定的。

13 工业控制网络中的报文: 显性报文和I/O报文
I/O报文在本质上是隐性的（Implicit），因而有时也称为隐性报文，它的数据域中常不包括协议信息，仅仅是实时的I/O控制数据，这些数据的含义常是预定义的。因而在节点中对处理这些数据所需的时间大大减小，I/O报文的一个例子是控制器将输出数据发送给一个I/O块设备（I/O Block），然后 I/O块按照它的输入数据回应给控制器。为解释这种类型的报文而必须引入的附加量(overhead)小，数据短，使用频率一致，并且需要高的性能：工业控制网络对I/O报文传送的可靠性，送达时间的确定性及可重复性有很高的要求。 过去，用于I/O控制的网络不能处理发送显性报文时在发送数据的时间及报文尺寸上的不定性因素。控制设备提供商不得不使用不同的网络来管理这两种不同报文类型的不同要求。 Rockwell Automation/AB公司的Data Highway/Remote I/O网络和西门子公司的 Profibus FMS/ProfibusDP网络就是这种情况的表现。

14 CIP协议 CIP在多种技术中使用，如DeviceNet, ControlNet, Ethernet/IP。
控制和信息协议 (Control and Information Protocol – now called Common Industrial Protocol - CIP) 是设计工业控制设备的基于对象模型的一种协议（例如体系结构，数据类型，服务等），它是独立于特定网络的应用层协议，提供了访问数据和控制设备操作的服务集。 CIP在多种技术中使用，如DeviceNet, ControlNet, Ethernet/IP。

15 CIP 网络模型(生产者/消费者 模型) CIP Network中采用了一个全新的生产者/消费者网络模型。一个典型的生产者/消费者模型的数据包结构如下： 标识符 数据 循环冗余检验码 在生产者/消费者模型中，信息按内容来标识，如果一个节点要接收一个数据，仅仅需识别与此信息相连的特定的标识符，每个数据包中不再同时需要有源地址位和目标地址位。 因为数据是按内容进行标识的，数据源只需将数据发送一次。许多需用此数据的节点通过在网上同时识别这个标识符，可同时地从同一生产者取用(消费)此同一数据。消费者节点之间可实现精确的同步，而且提高了带宽的有效使用率，其它的设备加入网络后并不增加网络负载，因为它们同样可以消费这些相同的信息，当节点发送多个数据组时，对每个数据组使用不同的标识符。如,在ControlNet中Lpacket包含许多字段，其中CID是用来标识每个Lpacket本身的特定的信息。

16 CIP Connections

17 Ethernet/IP Stack Overview
UDP EN Standard IEC Standard IEC Standard The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) from ODVA and CI is a proven, real-time application layer protocol IP TCP CIP BOOTP DHCP Application Data Link Physical Network Transport FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP Explicit Messaging Real-time I/O Control TCP UDP OSPF IGMP ICMP IGRP ARP IP RARP IEEE Ethernet

18 The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is a Proven, Future-proof Solution

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20 Ethernet/IP协议结构

21 Use of TCP and UDP EtherNet/IP技术的关键是 Encapsulation（封装），也就是将CIP协议定义的内容(报文)封装入TCP和UDP数据帧当中。然后通过TCP/IP网络传输:它采用TCP/IP协议传送显性报文,采用UDP/IP协议传送I/O信息。EtherNet/IP和其它基于Ethernet 的现场总线相比，最大的优势是与ControlNet，DeviceNet的“无缝”结合。这三种网络的“核心”—应用层都是CIP。 EtherNet/IP’s encapsulation protocol defines a reserved TCP port number 0xAF12 (has been reserved with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority-IANA-for use by the encapsulation protocol). All Ethernet/IP devices shall accept at least 2 TCP connections on TCP port number 0xAF12. TCP/IP stack could have different ways to encapsulate CIP Messages. The encapsulation protocol also defines a reserved UDP port number 0x08AE. When UDP is used to send an encapsulated massage, the entire message shall be sent in a single UDP packet & destined to UDP port 0x08AE.

22 Ethernet frame Format

23 CIP信息包通过TCP/IP协议的传输 采用TCP/IP协议传送封装的CIP报文时，一个CIP信息包可以在一个TCP帧中传输，也可以拆分为几个帧进行传输。反之，一个TCP帧也可以包含超过一个的CIP信息包。如下图所示。

24 EtherNet/IP Today EtherNet/IP现在由ODVA & CI 组织负责推广。为了更方便广大供应商开发基于该协议的设备，ODVA提供了EtherNet/IP协议的免费下载，包括CIP Common Spec. 和 EtherNet/IP adaptation of CIP。并公开了可以用于EtherNet/IP从站（适配器）的源代码。该源代码可以直接在Windows NT 上运行，只要更改一下编译选项即可运行在VxWorks实时嵌入式操作系统上。

25 EtherNet/IP Industry Participation
Through these industrial network trade associations, EtherNet/IP is supported by over 500 automation suppliers worldwide, including industry leaders such as Rockwell Automation, Omron, and Kukla Robotics.

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27 EtherNet/IP Product Offerings
Programming Logic Controllers Process Controllers Human Machine Interfaces Multiple I/O Platforms Weigh Scales Motion Controller Drive Controllers Vision Systems Resolver Interface EtherNet/IP to Serial Interfaces Windows Driver/OPC Server EtherNet/IP to Other Industrial Networks Interfaces EDS Based Configuration SW Tool IP67 EtherNet/IP Connector More than 80 products have been announced

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29 Applications for EtherNet/IP
Information Exchange With Enterprise System Peer-to-Peer Backbone Remote Access Via the Web Three Important New Functions I/O Control over EtherNet/IP High-speed interlocking on EtherNet/IP Routing to a remote chassis via EtherNet/IP

30 Application / Device Resources
EtherNet/IP Today EtherNet/IP™ is the only industrial Ethernet solution that is scalable down to an I/O block Application / Device Resources There are +200,000 EtherNet/IP™ products installed in industrial applications today

31 Seamless Routing to a Remote Chassis Via EtherNet/IP
RSLogix5000 Remote Chassis Main Chassis 1756-ENBT 1756-DNB 1756-ENBT DeviceNet 24vdc 509 -BOD Flex I/O 100 Mbps Ethernet Operator Interface Block I/O Modular I/O Micro Drive Due to CIP and the Logix architecture, no extra programming is required. Ethernet Switch

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35 Protocol extensions for safety networking
CIP Safety Protocol extensions for safety networking Safety extensions to CIP announced - October 2002 Protocol approval by TÜV - October 2002 System concept submittal to TÜV - May 2003

36 CIP Safety Includes CIP standard services
Safety extensions to CIP services layer Standard and safety control on the same wire Focus: Initially over CAN  DeviceNet Safety™ Next over TCP/IP  EtherNet/IP Safety™ Multiple independent safety chains on the same network or controller Addresses IEC61508 up to SIL 3 and EN954-1 up to Category 4 Uses no more than 1% of the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) budget for a system

37 CIP Safety Layer Safety Application Object Library
Semicon Devices Drives Valves Other Profiles Other Safety Profiles Safety Application Object Library CIP Safety Application Layer Safety I/O Profiles CIP User Layer Application Object Library CIP Application Layer Explicit, I/O, Routing Application Layer DeviceNet Data Link Layer (CAN) ControlNet Data Link Layer (CTDMA) (CSMA/CD) TCP UDP Encapsulation Ethernet Physical Layer IP Futures Adaptation and Data Link Layer DeviceNet Physical Layer ControlNet Physical Layer Future (Firewire,USB, Blue Tooth) Physical Layer DeviceNet ControlNet EtherNet/IP Other Networks

38 Time synchronization services (IEEE1588) to expand the current application coverage of CIP-based networks to include Sequence of Events recording, Distributed Motion Control, and other highly distributed applications CIP Sync Overview Use standard network components Microprocessors Protocol Stacks Infrastructure components (i.e. switches) Tolerant of heterogeneous systems with clocks of varying precision, resolution and stability. Uses minimal network bandwidth and node computing/memory resources Scaleable to low-end nodes Simple, administration free installation Synchronization message every 1-2 seconds Accuracy of time sync between distributed clocks < 500ns

39 CIP Sync Demo for Distributed Motion Control
The clocks in the three chassis are synchronized to within 100 nsecs of each other Motion reference data is produced in the master chassis and consumed in each of the slave chassis Task execution in master chassis is synchronized with the task execution in slave chassis to produce smooth, precise, coordination

40 Thank You Any Questions?