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Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine

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1 Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine
浅谈医学英语长句的翻译 On Translation Methods of Long Sentences in Medical English Prof. Ding Nianqing Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine

2 一、引言 1. 所谓的英语长句,一般是指20个词左右或以上的句子。 2. 英语句子的修饰语既多且长,句子结构复杂,特别是长句。
3. 汉语句子的修饰语较少且短,句子结构呈直线型发展。 4. 另外,内容决定形式,思想内容多到无法为简短的句子容纳时,就必须采用长句的形式来表达。句子一长,结构就趋于错综复杂。在叙事述理性较强的科技和医学英语中,这种长句尤为常见。

3 二、整句语法结构的分析 1. 虽然有的英语句子比较长,但也都是由基本结构扩张而来的。
2. 因此,翻译医学英语长句首先要弄清句子的基本结构,接着找出句子的主要成分,然后再分清句中的其他成分,最后还要弄清原文句子成分之间的逻辑关系以及主语和各个从句所表达的意思。 3. 这种以语法为基本手段的分析法对于正确翻译医学英语长句来说是十分必要的。

4 例句1 Nevertheless, knowledge of the cancers is advancing in such way that it seems likely that some definite control may be achieved in the fairly near future; but only if research and application of research on cancer are carried out in a far more vigorous, orderly and scientific way than they are at present. [译文] 然而,由于对癌症的认识在不断的提高,因此在不远的将来,似乎能取得对其一定的控制方法。但是我们必须更积极地、更有计划地和更科学地开展对癌症的研究及其应用。

5 三、句中各种成分的分析 1. 很多英语长句中除了主、谓、宾,主、系、表以及“there be” 的结构主干外,还携带有各种修饰成分,其定语或状语可以一环套一环,修饰中另有修饰或限定,形成了峰回路转、错综复杂的长句结构。 2. 所以翻译长句时不仅首先要找出其语法主干,而且还需在这基础上理清各种修饰成分之间的逻辑关系,真正搞懂原句的结构和要表达的信息。

6 [例句2] A variety of clinical features help to distinguish the various forms of leukemia, but diagnosis is based on examination of the peripheral blood, in which are usually found qualitative and quantitative changes in the corresponding white blood cell type. [译文]虽然各种临床特征有助于区别不同类型的白血病,但诊断以周围血液的检查为根据,因为周围血液中通常会发现相应的白细胞类型质和量的变化。

7 四、注意句子成分的分隔 句子成分的分隔是指原来应该紧挨着的句子成分由于某种原因被分隔开来,在医学英语的长句中这一现象更为突出,这给译者正确理解原文设置了障碍。 因此,译者在分析长句中句子成分时要十分注意原文中的这种成分分隔现象,排除这些障碍,正确理解原文,并在翻译时对此进行恰当的处理。

8 [例句3] There seems little doubt, therefore, that when a peptic ulcer is in a stage of causing symptoms, direct exposure of it to hydrochloric acid will usually induce typical ulcer pain. [译文]因此,在消化性溃疡处于症状期时,如溃疡直接接触到盐酸通常会引起溃疡疼痛,这一点似乎没有什么疑问。

9 五、使用恰当的翻译技巧 1. 王文秀和原传道都提出了顺译法、逆译法和综合法; 2. 宋天锡提出拆离法、改变顺序法、插入法和重组法这四种方法;
3. 而华先发则提出,长句的翻译得视具体情况,结合意群的分布等因素来考虑,通过合理的切分,从而使译文层次分明,观点明确,语言规范。他认为,比较常见和有效的是采用分译法。

10 [例句4] Early and aggressive treatment of hemolytic streptococcal infections with penicillin reduces the incidence of rheumatic fever following such infections; but after rheumatic fever has been triggered, treatment with antimicrobial agents is ineffective. (王文秀,2005) [译文] 用青霉素对溶血性链球菌感染进行早期积极的治疗,可以降低此种感染后的风湿热发病率;但是风湿热一旦被激发后,用抗菌药物治疗就无效了。

11 [例句5] The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues. [译文] 血液有小动脉流入毛细血管,在毛细血管中血液把氧释放给身体的细胞并从组织中排除废物。(王重稼,1995)

12 [例句6] The reason that one tissue or organ, such as stomach, can digest food, and another tissue or organ, such as a muscle, can move a limb, is that the cells of which each tissue or organ is made are different. [译文] 某一组织或器官(如胃)能消化食物,另一组织或器官(如肌肉)能使肢体运动,其原因是,构成每一组织或器官的细胞是不同的。

13 Thanks !


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