Department of Information Management Peking University WANG Zi-zhou

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1 Department of Information Management Peking University WANG Zi-zhou
社会力量参助图书馆建设的几种可行模式 Several possible models of social forces Participating to help the construction of Library 北京大学信息管理系 王子舟 Department of Information Management Peking University WANG Zi-zhou

2 目 录 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 二、社会力量捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 三、社会力量与公共图书馆的合作模式
目 录 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 二、社会力量捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 三、社会力量与公共图书馆的合作模式 四、社会力量参助图书馆的志愿者模式

3 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently
Directory 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently 2、The model of Social forces donors and Book Donation helping the construction of Library 3、The cooperation of Social forces and public libraries 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers

4 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （1）个人创办并自主管理的基层图书馆
晚清以来私人公益图书馆一度兴盛。如古越藏书楼（徐树兰 ，1900 年）、南通图书馆（张謇， 1912年）、无锡大公图书馆（荣德生， 1915 ），广东赤坎司徒氏通俗图书馆（司徒懿慈，1925年）等。这些图书馆均耗费巨资，藏书多者超过十万卷，质量超越当时一般市县级公共图书馆。 1949年以后乡村私有财产的取缔以及乡绅阶层的消失，社会个体自办的图书馆或为政府收转为公共图书馆，或被迫停止续办而逐渐瓦解消竭。 改革开放以来兴起的小型私人公益图书馆，主要在农村。新闻媒体报道有200余个 。如山西农民张小宝的“上麻田村心连心家庭图书馆” （2002年）、退休教师杜德建的“家庭图书室”等

5 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently
（1）the primary library of Personal founder and self-management Private Public Library once flourished since the late Qing Dynasty Since 1949, lift the ban of private property and disappearance of the rural gentry ,individual self-owned library or transferred into the government rowned public libraries, or forced to stop ,and gradual disintegrated。 Since the reform and opening up the rise of small private public libraries, mainly in rural areas

6 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （1）the primary library of Personal founder and self-management 司徒氏通俗图书馆及其钟楼 Szeto's Popular Library 权勇的文化大院中的农民书屋 Quan yong's Farmers Bookstore

7 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （2）企业创办与自主管理的图书馆
50年代以来，大型国有企业曾经都建有职工图书馆。1988年时，全国企业图书馆（室）有24.6万家。2006年降已至6万余家。 2002年中图学会在济钢搞“企业图书馆振兴行动”济钢图书馆发展较快，一些新兴企业也成立了自己的图书馆，如“包商银行图书馆”（2004年） 国外的企业图书馆在图书馆类别中被列为“特殊图书馆”（special library）

8 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently
（2）the Library of Company founder and self-management Since the 50's, large state-owned enterprise workers who have built libraries. In 1988, the National Enterprise Library (Room) of 246, has been reduced to six thousand homes In 2002 in Jinan Iron and Steel Institute to engage in "enterprise library to action" rapid economic development of steel library, a number of new enterprises set up their own libraries, such as "contractor Bank Library" (2004) Foreign enterprise libraries in the library category are classified as "special libraries" (special library)

9 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （3）各种非营利组织自办自管的公益图书馆
一类是自办图书馆同时对其实施监管，如爱心传递慈善基金会（Pass Love Charity Foundation）在国内推广的爱心传递项目（Pass Love Project，缩写为PLP）“蒲公英乡村图书馆” 一类是自办图书馆并完全自管。如2007年北京学者余世存、李英强、杨民道等发起的“立人图书馆”项目则属于自办图书馆并完全自管的类型。

10 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently
（3）public libraries of Various non-profit organization run by self-management One is running the library at the same time monitoring their implementation, such as love passed Charitable Foundation (Pass Love Charity Foundation) to promote the love in the domestic transmission project (Pass Love Project, abbreviated as PLP) One is running the library and fully self-management. Such as the 2007 Beijing scholar Itself, Liying Jiang, Yang Man Road, have launched the "Fostering library" project is run by Library and is completely self-management type.

11 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （3）各种非营利组织自办自管的公益图书馆
public libraries of Various non-profit organization run by self-management 立人乡村图书馆博客的图标 Liren village library and the blog icon 一个蒲公英乡村图书馆的室内 an Village Library

12 一、社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 （4）社会力量独立建馆办馆模式分析
个人、社会团体、非政府组织等力量独立创办的图书馆提供了基层图书馆普及与发展的“自下而上”的内生模式。他们低成本、求实效，实现长期发展，体现出来的坚韧性、灵活性、实效性，都不是“自上而下”外生模式所具备的。在方法论上是“种文化”。 私人图书馆是社区的知识交流的公共平台，为乡村居民带来了一个全新的公共空间，提供了可以横向交往的人际网络（或称参与网络）。这种人际网络较之纵向的人际网络（如家族企业上下级成员间的交往圈）更具有平等、契约元素，有助于建立人与人之间的互信与合作。而信任、互惠规范和参与网络等社会资本的增加，更能促进乡村公民社会、公益精神的产生。

13 1、The model of Social forces constructing a library independently
（4）Analysis of The model Individuals, social groups, non-governmental organizations to provide power independent library founded by popularization and development of primary library "bottom up" model of endogenous Private library is a public community knowledge exchange platform for the rural residents of a new public space that provides a horizontal communication network of personal connections (or known in the network)

14 二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （1）社会力量的捐资建馆助馆
改革开放以来，社会力量捐资建馆的活动主要是港澳同胞、海外华侨兴起的。如广东新会“景堂图书馆”（1984）、“开平市伟伦图书馆”（1991）、潮州市的“谢慧如图书馆” （1991）等 ，据不完全统计，到1994年为止港澳与海外华侨帮助广东省兴建各类型图书馆66所。 90年代基金会等各种NGO组织捐建图书馆活动十分活跃，其中海外基金会最有成效的是香港杏范教育基金会、中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会（对象为农村成人和中小学校图书室 ）、美国加州圣峪中华文化协会健华社（对象为乡镇图书馆）、美国“梦想行动国际”（对象为学校图书室）等 。

15 （1） the donor of Social forces
2、The model of Social forces donors and Book Donation helping the construction of Library （1） the donor of Social forces Since reform and opening, and social forces Juan Zijian Museum activities are mainly Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, overseas Chinese rise. Such as Guangdong Xinhui "King Church Library" (1984), "Library Kaiping Wei Lun" (1991), Chaozhou City, "Xie Hui-Ju Library" (1991), according to incomplete statistics, up to Hong Kong and Macao in 1994 and overseas Chinese to help build all types of libraries in Guangdong Province 66. 90 Foundation and other NGO organizations Donation very active in library activities, including overseas, the most effective foundation apricot Fan Education Foundation of Hong Kong, China Zigen Rural Education and Development Association (the object for rural adults and middle and primary schools library), California, San Yu Kin Wah Society Chinese Cultural Association (object library for the township), the United States "dream Action International" (objects for the school library) and so on.

16 健华社捐建的第100个图书馆——浙江龙泉市大沙小学金祖鑫健华图书馆的开馆仪式
二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （1）社会力量的捐资建馆助馆 健华社捐建的第100个图书馆——浙江龙泉市大沙小学金祖鑫健华图书馆的开馆仪式 新会市景堂图书馆

17 the donor of Social forces
二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （1）社会力量的捐资建馆助馆 the donor of Social forces 国内的草根组织中，天下溪乡村社区图书馆援助计划（2003年）、百草园公益图书馆项目（2005年）、上海的启明书社（2005年）等，都是较为知名的乡村图书馆捐建项目。 China's grass-roots organization, Brooks Rural Community Library Assistance (2003), grasses Park Public Library Project (2005), Shanghai, blind and Tract Society (2005), are relatively well-known village Library Donation project 进入新世纪以来，企业社会责任意识苏醒，企业捐建图书馆也开始增多。如中国移动从2006年到2008年，捐赠3000万元人民币，在中西部贫困地区农村中小学建设了1000个“中国移动爱心图书馆（室）” 。2008年安利（中国）日用品有限公司与中国儿童少年基金会、妇联共同推出了“阳光计划”，为15所打工子弟学校捐建一所“阳光图书馆”。 In the new century, corporate social responsibility waking, enterprises have begun to increase Library Donation

18 中国移动爱心图书馆(室)兴安县界首镇百里小学捐赠仪式 百草园公益图书馆工程之一“泸州白腊乡荞田完小图书室”
二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （1）社会力量的捐资建馆助馆 the donor of Social forces 中国移动爱心图书馆(室)兴安县界首镇百里小学捐赠仪式 百草园公益图书馆工程之一“泸州白腊乡荞田完小图书室”

19 二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （2）社会力量捐赠文献、设备助馆
Literature of social forces to donate equipment to help library 改革开放初期，这是社会力量捐助图书馆的主要方式。特别是社会个体为图书馆捐献文献，在我国有着悠久的历史传统。如港澳爱国人士石景宜自1978年以来向全国700多个城市、近2000个地区的图书馆、大学、科研单位等无偿捐赠港台版图书，至今已达650余万册 。 Reform and opening up, this is the main social forces approach the donor library. Particularly in the social individual donations for the library literature 社会组织或单位，主要有美国海外中国教育基金会（OCEF）2003年到2007年捐助图书室266多个，募集旧书20万册，购买新书4万多册，购置藏文，聋哑教材等特种图书1000余册。虚拟捐书平台微笑图书室从2003年至2008年在云南、四川等10个省的90所学校建立了微笑图书室，共捐书近6万册。2007年美国铁姆肯基金会为无锡市图书馆捐助了汽车图书馆“少儿流动图书馆” 。 Social organization or unit, mainly the United States Overseas China Education Foundation (OCEF) 2003 to 2007 the library more than 266 contributions, raised 200 thousand books, buying books more than 40,000 volumes, the purchase of the Tibetan language, deaf and other special materials Book List 1000

20 Overseas China Education Foundation Smiling library's young readers
二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （2）社会力量捐赠文献、设备助馆 Literature of social forces to donate equipment to help library 海外中国教育基金会 会标 Overseas China Education Foundation 微笑图书室的小读者 Smiling library's young readers 石景宜先生 Mr. Shi Jingyi

21 Literature of social forces to donate equipment to help library
二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （2）社会力量捐赠文献、设备助馆 Literature of social forces to donate equipment to help library 有的图书馆善于开发社会资源，学会了利用人脉关系、借助网络平台争取社会力量的捐助。如河南省南召县南召一中图书馆、江苏省高邮市图书馆等。 Some libraries are good at developing community resources, learn to use personal connections with the power of the network platform for social contributions 有的市县图书馆还充当起知识扶贫的中介，倡议公民捐书并将捐来图书转送基层或贫困乡村。如2007年上海图书馆举办了“传递爱心，共建和谐——上海市民捐书贫困地区图书馆”活动；无锡市图书馆在“六·一”儿童节举办了“捐一本好书、献一份挚爱——为新市民子女捐书”活动 Some city and county libraries also serve as a knowledge intermediary to help the poor, initiatives and citizens donating books to donate to book transfer or poor rural grassroots.

22 二、捐资建馆、捐书助馆的模式 （3）社会力量捐资建馆、捐书助馆模式分析
由于操作程序简单、成效周期短、反馈信息确定等原因，此种方式一直是社会力量参助图书馆的主要模式。尤其是社会个体的捐赠，或通过公益项目策划中介，或自己直接联系，他们容易找到适合捐赠的对象，有的放矢。 人们的慈善捐赠涉及五个变量：①社区参与：指联结人们的正式或非正式网络；②意识框架：指根源于人们意识中的足以引致某一行为的思考感受方式，如政治理念、宗教信仰、社会关怀等；③直接的募捐请求：指募捐和动员，是捐赠的机遇性因素；④幼年时的经历和示范作用：实际上考察示范作用和移情感受，成年的示范已体现在社会参与中；⑤可支配资源：对时间和金钱的随意支配水平。前四个为“关系变量”，后一个为可支配资源变量

23 （3）Analysis of The model
2、The model of Social forces donors and Book Donation helping the construction of Library （3）Analysis of The model As a simple operating procedures, the effectiveness of short cycle, feedback information to determine other reasons, this approach has been the participation of social forces to help the library main model. In particular, the social individual donations, or through the intermediary public project planning, or their direct contact, they easy to find suitable donors of objects, targeted It involves five variables charitable donation: ① Community Participation: refers to link formal and informal networks of people; ② awareness framework: that is rooted in people's consciousness of an act to cause feelings of ways, such as political philosophy, religion , social care; ③ direct donation request: that fund-raising and mobilization factor is the opportunity to donate; ④ childhood experiences and the demonstration effect: in fact a model and examine feelings of empathy, adult model has been reflected in social participation in; ⑤ available resources: time and money on discretionary level. The first four for the "relationship variables", the latter variable for the available resources

24 （1）社会力量出资，图书馆出场地与提供服务
三、社会力量与图书馆的合作模式 （1）社会力量出资，图书馆出场地与提供服务 比较典型的是我国各地残疾人联合会与当地公共图书馆合作创办盲人阅览室的活动。20世纪80年代以前，我国公共图书馆对残疾人的服务基本停留在“照顾”模式上，即残疾人入馆一般会得到馆员的一些行动上的帮助、借阅上的照顾。 1990年，南京市残联与南京图书馆联合创办了盲人有声读物图书馆，此后，地方残联与公共图书馆合作创办的盲人图书馆、阅览室（一般设在公共图书馆内）不断出现。如辽宁省图书馆的“辽宁省盲人读物服务中心”（ 1995）、上海徐汇区图书馆的盲人阅览室（ 1999），唐山市图书馆的盲人阅览室（ 2004），烟台图书馆的盲文及盲人有声读物室（2004）等。合作方式一般是残联提供资金、图书馆提供场地、服务 。

25 3、the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
（1）Contribution of social forces, the library played with the provision of services The typical parts of China Disabled Persons Federation and co-founder of the local public library reading activities for the blind. 80 years before the 20th century, our public library services for the disabled basic remain in the "care" model, that is the general admission of persons with disabilities will be some action on the librarian to help and to borrow on care. In 1990, the CDPF and Nanjing in Nanjing Library co-founded the blind audio books library, then, local federations and co-founder of Public Library of the Blind Library, reading (usually located in public libraries) continue to emerge. Such as the Liaoning Provincial Library's "Reading Blind Service Center in Liaoning Province" (1995), the Shanghai Xuhui District Library for the blind Study (1999), Tangshan City Library of the Blind Reading Room (2004), Yantai and blind Braille Library Audio Book Room (2004). Cooperation is generally CDPF funding, the library provides space, services.

26 （2）社会力量捐赠文献设备，图书馆出场地与服务
三、社会力量与图书馆的合作模式 （2）社会力量捐赠文献设备，图书馆出场地与服务 最典型的是美国明德图书馆基金会在我国内地捐助英文原版书建立英文少儿图书馆。该组织捐建英文图书馆的目的是希望为中国的孩子们建立一个国际化的平台，帮助他们学习英文，扩展视野，以多元的眼光看世界。从2004年到2008年6月底已经捐赠建立的少儿“明德英文图书馆”有：厦门少儿馆（2004年）、桂林少儿馆（2005年）、杭州少儿馆（2005年）、湖南桃江兰秀图书馆（2005年）、上海民立中学图书馆（2005年）、荆州少儿馆（2006年）、合肥市少儿馆（2006年）、福建省第一中学（2006年）、大连少儿馆（2007年）、陕西咸阳图书馆（2007年）、湖北十堰图书馆（2007年）、南京金陵图书馆（2007年）、北京明德少儿英文图书馆（2008年）等，捐赠给中国大陆的图书超过10万册。各地明德图书馆（室）总共接待了读者大约12万6千人次，举办少儿英文阅读活动近400次，参加人数约3万3千人次。

27 3、the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
（2）Social forces donations of literature, equipment, libraries, playing with the service The most typical Matilda Library Foundation in the United States contributions to the Mainland of China to establish the English original book in English Children's Library. Donation of the organization in English Library aims to build China's children are an international platform, to help them learn English and expand your horizons, to the eyes of the world's diverse. From 2004 to the end of June 2008 has been donated to establish the children's "Matilda English Library" are: Xiamen Children's Museum (2004), Guilin Children's Museum (2005), Hangzhou Children's Museum (2005), Hunan Tao Jiang Lanxiu libraries (2005)

28 3、the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
（2）Social forces donations of literature, equipment, libraries, playing with the service 厦门少儿图书馆中的明德英文图书馆 Xiamen Matilda Children's Library Library in English

29 （3）社会力量出场地设备人员、图书馆提供资源与管理
三、社会力量与图书馆的合作模式 （3）社会力量出场地设备人员、图书馆提供资源与管理 这类方式正越来越多地出现于各地总分馆新体制转型与建设过程中，有许多的市县图书馆分馆就是这样办起来的。如扬州市图书馆在社区分馆建设中因地制宜形成了三种分馆建设类型：第一种是单一的报刊阅览室，第二种是书刊阅览加外借室，第三种是书刊阅览、外借、电子阅览室综合一体（宝带社区分馆 ）。这三种类型有着共同的特点，即街道、社区物业管理部门负责在社区内提供场地，招聘管理人员，保证必要的购书经费，市图书馆则利用管理经验、人才优势、技术优势，免费提供部分藏书，并定期更换，负责对管理人员进行业务培训，指派专人指导，为社区图书馆建设在技术、人员上提供帮助，使其各项业务工作规范化、标准化。截止2006年，扬州市图书馆已经创办了好几个第三种类型分馆 。

30 3、the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
（3）Social forces personnel played in equipment, library resources and management Such methods are increasingly seen in the institutional transformation around the branch library and construction of the new process, there are many city and county branch library that is run up this. If Yangzhou branch library building in the community, the formation of three branches according to local conditions building types: the first is a single newspaper reading room, the second is added to read books borrowed room, the third is a book to read, outside by, an integrated electronic reading room (treasure with the community branch). These three types share a common characteristic is that the streets, community property management department is responsible for providing space in the community, recruitment of management personnel to ensure that the necessary textbook Jing Fei, Jing Yan City Library has used management, talent advantage, technical superiority, provided free of charge part of the collection, and change them regularly, is responsible for professional training of management personnel, assigned to guide people, for the community library building in technology, personnel available to help make the business work standardization. Ended in 2006, Yangzhou City Library has established several third type of branch

31 三、社会力量与图书馆的合作模式 （4）社会力量与图书馆合作模式分析
由于图书馆与社会力量能够各取所需、双赢互利，又能提供读者消费需求，所以此种合作模式在近几年发展很快。它有利于公共图书馆事业朝公共知识基础设施网转型，实现“普遍均等、惠及全民”的目标。其意义不仅仅是使图书馆在短时间内就能获得财力物力上的外部支持，加快图书馆网群的建设，更重要的是图书馆在与社会力量合作时，能够让自身融入社区、在延伸服务中获得创新能力。 但是，社会力量与图书馆合作办馆也有脆弱性的一面，即合作办馆的项目会因方法不当等原因出现“短期存活”的现象（天津阳光100国际新城社区图书馆） 。如何将合作办馆程序理性化，在合作办馆过程中嵌入法律制约因素，这可能是今后图书馆在与社会力量办馆时要认真思考的问题。

32 3、the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
（4）Analysis of The model As the library and social forces to take what we need a win-win and mutual benefit, but also provide readers with consumer demand, so this mode of cooperation has developed rapidly in recent years. It is conducive to the public library cause towards public knowledge infrastructure net restructuring and achieving "universal equality, to benefit all the people" goal. Meaning not only make the library can get financial and material resources in a short time on external support, to speed up the construction of library network groups, more importantly, the library in cooperation with the social forces, allowing their integration into the community, obtained in the extended service innovation

33 （1）图书馆募集志愿者参助图书馆自身的发展
四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （1）图书馆募集志愿者参助图书馆自身的发展 这种方式是比较早的社会力量参助图书馆的志愿者模式，从90年代以来就有许多公共图书馆在试行。早期图书馆招募志愿者（义工），主要是为了解决馆员不足的问题。志愿者从事的主要是书刊借阅、整理上架、图书修补、卫生清洁、秩序维持等。有的图书馆开始招聘志愿者的初衷还起源于新馆搬迁，他们急需人手帮助运送书刊、设备。广州少年儿童图书馆自1995年开馆以来就开始引进志愿者活动，10余年来，到广州少儿馆服务的中小学生、大学生志愿者超过4万人次。该馆陆续与广州市第五中学、广州市十六中学等签订了志愿者服务协议，图书馆提供服务基地与项目，学校定期组织学生参加。

34 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers
（1）Library volunteers participating to help raise self-development library This approach is relatively early participation of social forces volunteers to help library model, since there are many from the 90 public libraries in the trial. Early Library recruit volunteers (volunteers), mainly to solve the librarian shortage. Volunteers are engaged mainly borrow books, organize shelves, book repair, cleanliness and sanitation, order maintenance, etc.. Some libraries began recruiting volunteers in mind also originated in the new building move, they need staff to help with delivery of books and equipment. Guangzhou Children's Library opened in 1995, started since the introduction of volunteer activities, more than 10 years, to the Guangzhou Children's Museum of services in primary school students, college students volunteer more than 40,000 people. Museum in succession and fifth middle school in Guangzhou, Guangzhou City, 16 schools and other volunteer services, has signed an agreement to provide library service base and project, the school organizes regular students

35 （1）图书馆募集志愿者参助图书馆自身的发展
四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （1）图书馆募集志愿者参助图书馆自身的发展 图书馆积极募集志愿者参与图书馆工作，不仅能补充图书馆的人手、提高图书馆工作效率，还可以软化图书馆的工作环境。2003年青岛市图书馆招募的20名义工，他们75%以上为大专以上学历，80%为40岁以上年龄，女性占到了80%，多数承担馆内繁重和重复性工作，如文献的借阅、修补、装订等，由于义工们怀有崇高的志愿精神、社会阅历丰富，还能站在读者立场来体会借阅中发生的一些问题，甚至能提出很好的建议，所以他们的服务质量远远高于图书馆的职员，并对图书馆职员产生了极大的激励作用 。 进入新世纪以后，以弥补馆员不足、以馆内常规工作为重心的图书馆募集志愿者活动，正逐步向开发延伸服务或拓展新项目方面发展。如上海杨浦区少儿图书馆的“‘大手牵小手’爱心助学行动”、“阳光心语工作室”、“公益小书房”等。

36 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers
（1）Library volunteers participating to help raise self-development library Library actively raising volunteers, library staff can not only complement and enhance the efficiency of library work, you can also soften the library work environment. Qingdao City Library in 2003 recruited 20 volunteers, over 75% of them for the college education, 80% were above 40 years of age, women accounted for 80%, most of the heavy commitment to the museum and repetitive work, such as loan documents, repair, binding, etc., as volunteers cherish lofty spirit of volunteerism, social experience is rich, but also stand the reader to understand the position to borrow some of the problems that occur and can even make good suggestions, they are far higher quality of service the library staff, and library staff had a great incentive. Entering the new century, to make up for lack of librarians to focus on museum library routine work to raise volunteer activities are gradually developing extension services or develop new projects. Yangpu District, Shanghai Children's Library as a "'big hands holding little hands' love student action", "Sun Xinyu Studio", "public small study," and so on.

37 四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （2）志愿者主动、自发参助图书馆的发展
这种方式参助图书馆事业的志愿者，一般多在非营利机构的组织下进行志愿活动。如美国杜克大学的华人学者与学生组织“梦想行动国际”于2004年启动了“学校图书室项目”后，已在北京、湖南、河南、江西、四川和山东等地建有7个乡村或社区图书馆。梦想行动国际大规模的活动都在暑期进行，2004年以来他们每年暑期在北美与国内招募志愿者，以小组的形式到中国乡级以下的中小学进行英语支教、图书馆援建、贫困学生救助、社会调研活动、信息技术培训等，停留时间一般为20天到60天。2007年由《21世纪经济报道》协同中国平安发起的“小桔灯乡村小学图书馆计划”，在一年内用爱心人士捐助的旧书建立了6个小桔灯乡村小学图书馆，每个图书馆均达到了6000册藏书。他们专门招募志愿者前往受赠学校为小桔灯图书馆进行图书整理，分类上架，组织学生读书会，为孩子们上阅读课，以培养乡村儿童的阅读兴趣和习惯。

38 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers
（2）Volunteer initiative to help self-reference library development Libraries participating in this way to help volunteers, usually many organizations in the non-profit organization under the voluntary activity. Such as the Duke University Chinese Scholars and Students Organization "dream Action International" in 2004 launched the "school library project" and subsequently, in Beijing, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Shandong built seven villages or Community Library. Dream Corps International large-scale activities carried out in the summer, every summer since 2004, they recruited volunteers in North America and China to form teams to China following primary and secondary schools the township branch of English teaching, library construction, poor students assistance, social research activities, information technology, training, retention time is generally 20 days to 60 days. In 2007 by the "21st Century Business Herald", launched coordinated Ping "small orange light rural elementary school library program", people with love in a year set up six books donated a small orange light rural elementary school libraries, each library reached the 6000 collection. They specialize in the recruitment of volunteers to the recipient school libraries smaller orange lights Book Sorting, classification shelves, organizing student book club for children on the reading class, to foster rural children's reading interests and habits

39 四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （2）志愿者主动、自发参助图书馆的发展
Volunteer initiative to help self-reference library development “小桔灯乡村小学图书馆计划”宣传图标 Small orange light rural elementary school library program 2006年梦想行动国际暑期志愿者 2006 International Summer Volunteer dream action

40 四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （2）志愿者主动、自发参助图书馆的发展
除了援建乡村基层图书馆（室）、支教助学以外，许多草根组织的志愿者还专门做援建图书馆的回访工作。如民间组织北京天下溪教育咨询中心 、陕西西安的“烛光图书馆” 、微笑图书馆 等。2007年微笑图书馆接受“陈一心基金”的资助招募志愿者做“微笑大使”进行援建图书馆回访，“微笑大使们”分成11支小队，分别走访了四川、甘肃、江西、云南等9个省46所学校，了解这些受助学校图书室的建设情况，完成了回访调查表，提交了回访日记、回访志愿者的建议 。

41 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers
（2）Volunteer initiative to help self-reference library development In addition to reconstruction rural primary library (room), to support education outside the student, and many grassroots organizations, volunteer to do a special return visit to the work of reconstruction library. As civil society organizations Beijing Brooks Education Consulting Center, Xi'an's "Candlelight library", smile library. Smile Library received in 2007, "Chen as one fund" funded the recruitment of volunteers to do "Smile Ambassador" for reconstruction library visits, "Smile Ambassadors" is divided into 11 teams, respectively, visited Sichuan, Gansu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, 9 provinces and 46 schools, aided schools to understand the library building, completed a return visit to the questionnaire, submit a return visit diary, re-volunteer suggestions.

42 四、社会力量参助的志愿者模式 （3）参助图书馆发展的志愿者模式分析
图书馆招募志愿者，可以降低运行成本，甚至可以提高服务质量。2005年美国约有1/4以上的人当过志愿者，18岁以上成年人参加志愿者服务的占到该年龄段人口的一半以上。纽约市布鲁克林区有一个中心图书馆、60个分馆，职员有1700名，而志愿者则达到了1200名，这些志愿者帮助社区居民扫盲、为孩子辅导家庭作业、为医院患者朗读书籍、培养读者网络技能等 。我国图书馆招募的志愿者人数还很少，且局限年轻人。 非营利组织志愿者援建乡村基层图书馆的活动是一种承担社会公共责任的公众参予，它有着广泛性、多元性的特点，能够填补市场失灵、政府失灵导致的公共文化服务资源供给不足与分配不公的缺陷，增大社会公共福利与社会公正的能量。

43 4、The model of Social participation of volunteers
（3）Analysis of The model Library recruit volunteers, you can reduce operating costs, and even improve the quality of service. In 2005 the United States about 1 / 4 or more people worked as volunteers, adults over 18 years of age to participate in volunteer services in the age group accounted for more than half of the population. Brooklyn, New York City has a central library, 60 branches, 1,700 staff, and volunteers can reach 1200, these volunteers help community residents literacy, counseling for children with homework, reading books for hospital patients, reader network skills training. The number of library volunteers recruited, little, and the limitations of youth. Rural grass-roots non-profit organizations volunteer reconstruction activities in the library is a public commitment to social responsibility public participation, it has broad, pluralistic, and can fill the market failure, government failure caused by inadequate supply of public cultural service resources and the unfair distribution of defects, increasing the social and public welfare and social justice of energy

44 结 论 社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 社会力量捐资建馆与捐书助馆的模式
结 论 社会力量独立建馆办馆的模式 无论个人、企业、非营利组织等各种社会力量独立创办的图书馆，其动力一般都来源于创办者自愿、自发的内在意志，因此它属于内生的、自下而上的力量，它是推动基层图书馆建设的一种原动力，最能体现创新精神。 社会力量捐资建馆与捐书助馆的模式 它有悠久历史。从港澳同胞、海外华侨为家乡捐资捐书助馆，到海内外NGO组织援建贫困乡村图书馆，再到大型企业承担社会责任而捐资兴办贫困乡村中小学图书馆，由于操作程序简单、成效周期短、反馈信息确定等原因，此种方式一直是社会力量参助图书馆的主要模式。

45 Conclusion The model of Social forces constructing a library independently Whether individuals, entertain, non-profit organization founded by the social Li Liang independent library, its power Yiban are derived from the founder of voluntary, spontaneous inner strength, so it belongs to Nei health of, bottom-up forces, it is Library to promote a driving force behind the grassroots, best embodies the spirit of innovation. The model of Social forces donors and Book Donation helping the construction of Library It has a long history. From Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, overseas Chinese donors donating books to help his hometown museum, aided by local and overseas NGO organizations, rural poverty, libraries, and then to large-scale corporate social responsibility and poverty in rural primary and secondary school library donors set up, simple as operating procedures, the effectiveness of cycle short, the feedback information to determine such factors as social forces in this manner has been the main mode of reference to help the library

46 结 论 社会力量通过项目与公共图书馆的合作模式 社会力量参助图书馆的志愿者模式
结 论 社会力量通过项目与公共图书馆的合作模式 这也是社会力量参助图书馆的重要模式。通常双方各司其责，优势互补，共同合作开发一些新型的、深入的图书馆服务。其中社会力量出场地设备人员、图书馆提供文献资源与管理指导的合作方式，正越来越多地应用于各地总分馆新体制转型与建设过程中。这种合作方式有的很成功，但也容易出现“高调办馆，无声散摊”的形式主义流弊。 社会力量参助图书馆的志愿者模式 图书馆招募志愿者的形式与社会志愿者自发参与乡村图书馆援建的形式，在现阶段还属于“两条轨道跑的车”，前者带有官方色彩（如有图书馆当局的招聘、学校团委的组织配合等），有一定的行政依附性；后者才真正属于完全的民间行为，更突显自主、自由、自愿，它讲求实效性并能凸显想象力，有可能成为具有中国本土特色的志愿者助馆模式，也有望与民间力量的其他办馆助馆模式形成合力而引导出一场新的公共图书馆运动。

47 Conclusion the cooperation of Social forces and public libraries
This is also the social forces participate in an important model to help the library. Usually each side its own function, complement each other, to jointly develop some new, in-depth library services. Social forces which played to equipment personnel, library resources and management guidance to provide documentation of cooperation, is increasingly being used around the branch library and construction of a new process of institutional transformation. The model of Social participation of volunteers Library recruit volunteers and community volunteers in the form of voluntary participation in the form of rural library construction, in this stage are "two tracks running car", the former with the official colors (if the recruitment of library authorities, schools with the Youth League organization, etc.), there are certain administrative dependence; which really is completely civil behavior becomes more autonomous, free, voluntary, its emphasis on practical results and to highlight the imagination, it may be a Chinese local characteristics volunteers to help museum mode

48 恳请各位专家、同仁批评指正！ Thank you! 谢 谢！ “图书馆之友”会标