Cleavage and implantation

Presentation on theme: "Cleavage and implantation"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cleavage and implantation
Day 1 ===== Day 14 陳建榮

2 Cleavage in mammalian zygote

3 Morula 桑椹胚

4 桑椹胚 內細胞團或胚球層 囊胚腔 囊胚 滋養層

5 卵裂型態(cleavage patterns):
完全分裂(total or holoblastic cleavage): 哺乳類動物(有胎盤哺乳類)之無(或寡)卵黃卵屬之 部份分裂(partial or meroblastic cleavage): 鳥類之端卵黃卵屬之。

6 Mature Xenopus oocyte

7 完全分裂(total or holoblastic cleavage):
Spiral cleavage Radial cleavage

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9 部份分裂(partial or meroblastic cleavage):
Incomplete cleavage Superficial cleavage

10 Cleavage in Zebra Fish

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12 Monozygotic twin同卵雙生

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14 Estrogen抑制受精卵向子宮移動 Progesterone加速受精卵向子宮移動

15 Morula stage 犬: 10-11days 家畜: 5-9 days

16 Implantation types著床型態:
依滋養層與子宮內膜之間接觸的程度，及子宮內膜的被破壞情形可分為 1.間質性著床(interstitial implantation) -靈長類，囓齒類，及部分肉食動物，其胚埋入子宮內膜發育，一直到出生 2.築巢性著床(nidation implantation)或表面著床(superficial implantation): -大多數的家畜，滋養細胞並不會破壞子宮內膜。

17 築巢性著床 (nidation) 間質性著床 (interstitial) carnivores, ruminants, horses, and pigs rats and mice humans, and guinea pigs

18 Interstitial implantation間質性著床:
步驟： Invade侵入 Ingestive吞食 Digestive消化 E6 ~ E11 Trophoblast 滋養層 Syncytiotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast -Inner cell mass (embryoblast)胚球層  bilaminar embryonic disc雙層胚盤

19 Trophoblast滋養層 : Cytotrophoblast細胞滋養層 Syncytiotrophoblast合體滋養層 EPF (early pregnancy factor)早期妊娠因子 24～48hr -- 10 days In mothernal serum hCG人類絨毛性腺激素 10 days In mother’s urine Embryoblast (inner cell mass) Hypoblast下胚層 (primary endoderm) hCG  corpus luteum  progesterone 妊娠試驗： hCG、EPF Inhibition of implantation Diethylstilbestrol”事後丸” RU486”流產藥丸”

20 築巢性(nidation)或表面著床(superficial implantation)
進行方式: -並置(apposition):囊胚平均排列於子宮或子宮角腔內、雙子宮的動物如兔子則無此現象。 -黏接(adhension):囊胚與子宮內膜接觸，子宮內膜上皮與滋養細胞連接甚緊。 -附著(attachment):有蹄類的滋養細胞與子宮黏膜上皮之間形成微絨毛性指間構造。

21 著床開始的時期與完成的時間因動物而異 ─ ─ ──┬────────────────────── ──── ────
動物 │開始 並置 接觸 附著 完成 ── ─ ─┼────────────────────── ──── ──── 貓 │ (5) 狗 │ (4-6) 牛 │ (13-32) 綿羊 │ (19-24) 馬 │ (65-90) 豬 │ (13-22) 人 │ (6) ────────────────────────── ──── ──── ──── *時間是以授精後算起。

22 人工受孕 男性不孕 數目太少 品質太差 無精子 女性不孕 輸卵管阻塞 子宮切除 自發性流產
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Surrogate mothers

23 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

24 子宮外孕(ectopic pregnancies)
Human Placenta previa前置胎盤 家畜：Antimesometrial 對子宮系膜

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26 Day 8 Inner cell mass Bilaminar disc雙層胚盤 Hypoblast下胚層 Epiblast上胚層
 Amnion羊膜 +Epiblast上胚層 Amnoitic cavity羊膜腔  Hypoblast下胚層 exocoelomic membrane外胚腔膜 Blastocytic cavity囊胚腔  Exocoelomic cavity外胚腔腔室 (primary yolk sac初級卵黃囊)

27 Day 9 Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 Syncytiotrophoblast Lacuna陷窩

28 Day 10 - 12 Lacunar  lacunar network Syncytiotrophoblast ↓
Endomatrial stromal cell  Decidual cell蛻膜細胞 => decidual reaction蛻膜反應 Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 Extraembryonic coelomic space胚外體空隙

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30 Closing plug閉鎖栓

31 Decidual cell蛻膜細胞

32 Day 13 Extraembryonic mesoderm胚外中胚層 Extraembryonic coelomic space胚外體空隙
Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm胚外壁層中胚層 Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm胚外臟層中胚層 Chorion絨毛膜 Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast Extraembryonic coelom胚外體腔 Chorionic cavity絨毛膜腔

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36 Day 14 Primary yolk sac Secondary yolk sac Remnant of primary yolk sac
Cytotrophoblast  Primary chorionic villus初級絨毛膜絨毛 Hypoblast  Prechordal plate脊索前板

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