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IAASB Update International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board
Prof. Arnold Schilder, Chairman James Gunn, Technical Director CICPA Beijing, China 18 September 2009
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国际审计准则建设最新成果及运用 国际审计与鉴证准则理事会 主席 阿诺德·斯奇尔德 教授 技术总监 詹姆斯 · 耿 中国注册会计师协会
主席 阿诺德·斯奇尔德 教授 技术总监 詹姆斯 · 耿 中国注册会计师协会 中国 北京 2009年9月18日 2
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Agenda Adoption and International Convergence The IAASB Clarity Project IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
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主要内容 准则采用与国际趋同 IAASB明晰项目 IAASB当前及今后的工作 4
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Adoption and International Convergence
Global Acceptance of ISAs 100+ countries adopt or use ISAs in some form 23/25 world’s capital markets for foreign issuers IOSCO endorsement Support from World Bank, Basel Committee, World Federation of Exchanges, Financial Stability Board, public sector (INTOSAI), etc. Top 22 global networks’ methodologies aligned
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全球对国际审计准则的认可 准则采用和国际趋同 已有100多个国家采用或以某种形式使用国际审计准则
全球25个资本市场中已有23个接受国外企业发行证券时按照国际审计准则审计的财务报表 证券委员会国际组织 (IOSCO)已发表声明认可国际审计准则 世界银行、巴塞尔银行监管委员会、世界证券交易联合会 、金融稳定理事会、公共部门〔如最高审计机关国际组织(INTOSAI )〕等都对国际审计准则表示支持 全球排名前22位的国际网络会计公司采用的审计方法与国际审计准则保持一致 6
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Adoption and International Convergence
A Perspective on Adoption & Convergence Stronger transparency and accountability Higher quality and consistency of audits Reduced cost of capital and other costs arising from differing standards Enhanced uniformity and effectiveness of regulatory systems; platform for harmonization Facilitates efficient education and training IFAC Recommendations to G20 – Adopt ISAs and support implementation of global standards
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关于准则采用和趋同的观点 准则采用和国际趋同 透明度更高和受托责任能够得到更好地落实 增强监管系统的一致性和有效性;协调的平台
提高审计质量和审计一致性 降低因采用不同准则而产生的资本成本和其他成本 增强监管系统的一致性和有效性;协调的平台 促进有效的教育和培训 国际会计师联合会建议G20采用国际审计准则并 支持国际准则的实施 8
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The IAASB Clarity Project
Key aims Understandability of ISAs, and thereby their consistent application Facilitate convergence Completed March 2009 Suite of 36 ISAs and ISQC 1 Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after Dec. 15, 2009
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IAASB明晰项目 IAASB明晰项目 主要目标 提高准则的可理解性及执行的一致性 促进国际趋同 2009年3月完成
包括36项国际审计准则和1项会计师事务所质量 控制准则 适用于会计期间开始于2009年12月15日及之后 的财务报表审计 10
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The IAASB Clarity Project
Outcome New structure and conventions Objective, definitions, requirements and guidance provided in separate sections, to improve readability Requirements and guidance revisited to eliminate any ambiguity about what is required of auditors Nearly half of 36 ISAs fundamentally revised New requirements and guidance that aim to improve practice in a variety of respects
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成果 IAASB明晰项目 全新的结构和体例 单独列示的目标、定义、要求和指引,旨在提 高准则的可读性
修订要求和指引,旨在消除对审计师的要求所 产生的歧义 对36项准则中将近半数的准则进行了实质性修 订 新要求和指引,旨在改进多方面的审计实务 12
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Some Highlights Clarity ISAs Objectives and obligation for their use
Use to evaluate whether more needs to be done; Standards cannot anticipate all possibilities Strengthen the ‘thinking audit’ Risk assessment and evidence gathering Estimates and fair values Related parties Service organizations
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重点 明晰后的国际审计准则 目标和运用目标的责任 风险评估和审计证据收集 用以评价是否需要执行更多审计工作;准则不能穷 尽所有可能的情形
强调“动脑筋审计” 风险评估和审计证据收集 会计估计和公允价值 关联方 服务机构 14
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Some Highlights Clarity ISAs
Basis for reliance and quality of audit evidence Audits of group financial statements Auditor’s experts External confirmations Written representations Materiality Communications and reporting Professional judgment
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重点 明晰后的国际审计准则 审计证据可以信赖的基础和质量 重要性 沟通和报告 职业判断 集团财务报表审计 审计师利用专家的工作 外部函证
书面声明 重要性 沟通和报告 职业判断 16
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Implications Clarity ISAs
Successful implementation essential to realizing full benefits of Clarity ISAs Impacts on National standards/legislation and guidance Audit methodologies, programs and manuals Translation and training programs Education curriculums
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影响 明晰后的国际审计准则 成功实施国际审计准则对于实现明晰后的国际 审计准则的全部益处至关重要 对下列方面的影响: 国家准则或法规以及指引
审计方法、程序和手册 翻译和培训项目 教育课程 18
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How is IAASB Helping Deal with Challenges?
Clarity ISAs How is IAASB Helping Deal with Challenges? Broad membership of IAASB (incl. Mr. Jianhua Tang) Working in partnership with national auditing standard setters CICPA is a key participant Continual dialogue with stakeholders IAASB Consultative Advisory Group, IFIAR and others Specific initiatives to support implementation
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IAASB如何协助应对挑战? 明晰后的国际审计准则 利用IAASB理事会成员(包括唐建华先生) 与国家审计准则制定机构合作
中国注册会计师协会是主要参与者之一 与利益相关方的持续对话 IAASB咨询顾问组、独立审计监管机构国际论坛 ( IFIAR )等 支持准则实施的具体措施 20
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IAASB Support Clarity ISAs Moratorium on new ISAs for next two years
Translation support, through IFAC resources IAASB Clarity Center Background and information on Clarity Project Individual ISAs and Basis of Conclusions Staff Updates, Alerts, FAQs, Q&A, etc. ISA Modules
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IAASB 的支持措施 明晰后的国际审计准则 赋予新制定的国际审计准则两年的实施过渡期 利用IFAC资源提供翻译支持 IAASB明晰项目中心
明晰项目的背景和相关信息 各项国际审计准则和形成结论的基础 IAASB员工对明晰项目进展的介绍、审计实 务提示、常见问题解答、问题与解答等 国际审计准则课件(ISA Modules) 22
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Clarity Center: www.ifac.org/clarity-center/index
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Clarity Center: www.ifac.org/clarity-center/index
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ISA Modules Clarity ISAs Short videos and supporting slides
Main thrust of revised ISA and significant changes First release Q4 2009, free of charge from Center
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国际审计准则课件(ISA Modules)
明晰后的国际审计准则 国际审计准则课件(ISA Modules) 视频短片和支持性幻灯片 修订国际审计准则的主要推动力和重大变化 2009第4季度首次公布,免费使用 介绍和概述 审计师的总体 目标 集团审计 会计估计和公 允价值 关联方 与治理层和 管理层沟通 26
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Proportionality of Application of the ISAs
Clarity ISAs Proportionality of Application of the ISAs Concern in some quarters about: Applicability of ISAs to smaller audits Audit documentation burden Undue inspection requirements IAASB Staff Q&A issued August 2009 Explains proportionality of ISAs in SME context Emphasizes importance of professional judgment
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执行国际审计准则时需要“量体裁衣” 明晰后的国际审计准则 对下列方面的考虑: 2009年8月发布的IAASB员工所做的问题与解答:
对较小型企业审计的适用性 审计工作记录的负担 不必要的检查要求 2009年8月发布的IAASB员工所做的问题与解答: 解释如何“量体裁衣”地运用国际审计准则执行中小 企业审计 强调职业判断的重要性 28
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Proportionality of Application of the ISAs
Clarity ISAs Proportionality of Application of the ISAs Application of ISAs designed to be proportionate Proportionate to size, level of complexity, nature of entity Proportionality ≠ modification of requirements Differences between SMEs and larger entities recognized by ISAs Not every audit needs to be performed the same way Audit approach will vary with circumstances (simpler/more complex) Work effort affected by entity’s activities/accounting
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执行国际审计准则时需要“量体裁衣” 明晰后的国际审计准则 国际审计准则是按照能够适用于各种类型的被 审计单位的原则制定的:
根据被审计单位的规模、复杂程度和性质等具体情 况 量体裁衣≠修改要求 国际审计准则承认中小企业与较大型企业的不 同之处 并非每项审计业务都要以同样的方式执行 审计方法可视具体情况而改变(更简单还是更复杂) 工作量受被审计单位的业务活动或会计实务的影响 30
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How do ISAs Demonstrate Proportionality?
Clarity ISAs How do ISAs Demonstrate Proportionality? Through the requirements, e.g. ISA 260, where management = TCWG ISA 315, absence of formal risk assessment process ISA 540, choice of responses to assessed risks Through the application material Many considerations specific to smaller entities
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如何证明国际审计准则的适用性? 明晰后的国际审计准则 例如,下列规定: 例如,应用及其他解释性材料: ISA 260, 管理层= 治理层
对小型被审计单位的特殊考虑 32
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Compliance with All ISAs?
Clarity ISAs Compliance with All ISAs? Basic obligation in the ISAs Comply with all ISAs relevant to the audit When can compliance with ISAs be claimed? Only when all relevant ISAs have been complied with However, not all ISAs may be relevant in an SME audit, e.g. ISA 402, if SME does not use a service organization ISA 600, if SME audit is not a group audit ISA 610, if SME has no internal audit function
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遵守所有的国际审计准则? 明晰后的国际审计准则 国际审计准则的基本责任 何时可声明遵守了国际审计准则?
遵守与审计相关的所有国际审计准则 何时可声明遵守了国际审计准则? 只有已遵守所有相关的国际审计准则 然而并非所有国际审计准则都与中小企业审计 相关,例如: ISA 402, 如果中小企业不使用服务机构 ISA 600, 如果中小企业审计业务不是集团审计 ISA 610, 如果中小企业没有内部审计 34
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Compliance with All Requirements?
Clarity ISAs Compliance with All Requirements? Even if an ISA is relevant, not all its requirements may be relevant Conditional requirements need not be applied if conditions do not exist Examples Engagement team discussion Performing substantive and other follow-up procedures in context of unidentified related parties Determining whether material uncertainty exists in context of going concern
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遵守所有的要求? 明晰后的国际审计准则 即使某一项准则与中小企业审计相关,也并不 意味着该准则的所有要求都相关 举例:
如果特定条件不存在,则以该条件为前提的要求不 适用 举例: 项目组讨论 当存在未识别的关联方时,实施实质性程序和其他 跟进程序 确定持续经营是否存在重大不确定性 36
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Documentation Requirements
Clarity ISAs Documentation Requirements Appropriate documentation need not be burdensome Documentation of significant professional judgments helps to reinforce their quality Application designed to be proportionate, efficient and effective Experienced auditor test Requires professional judgment, not checklist approach Helpful illustrations of how to apply requirements
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记录要求 明晰后的国际审计准则 适当的审计工作记录不会难以承担 对重大职业判断的记录有助于提高工作质量
应用及其他解释性资料是按照适用、有效果且有 效率的原则制定的 以有经验的审计师的角度测试 要求运用职业判断,而非采用程序核对表的方法 包含有用的举例,解释如何执行要求 38
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
Continued development of the ISAs Development of alternatives to the audit Development of other assurance standards Other areas of public interest
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IAASB当前及今后的工作 继续制定国际审计准则 研究替代审计的方法 制定其他鉴证业务准则 涉及公众利益的其他领域 40
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
Continued Development of the ISAs Guidance on auditing complex financial instruments Briefing paper and revision of IAPS 1012 Use of internal audit (revision of ISA 610) Auditor’s report: Academic research on user perceptions; consideration of implications for ISA 700 Other information in documents containing audited financial information (revision of ISA 720)
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继续制定国际审计准则 复杂金融工具审计指引 IAASB 当前及今后的工作 利用内部审计工作(修订ISA 610) 审计报告
情况简介和修订IAPS 1012 利用内部审计工作(修订ISA 610) 审计报告 对使用者观点的学术研究;考虑对ISA 700的影响 包含已审计财务信息的文件中的其他信息(修订 ISA 720) 42
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
Alternatives to Audit: Reviews & Compilations ISRE 2400 and ISRS 4410 are increasingly relevant in meeting needs of those entities exempt from statutory audit requirements Project approved March 2009; IAASB progressing discussion of issues Project considerations Alternative services must be clearly distinguishable as to level of assurance, work effort and cost Communication to promote user understanding
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替代审计的方法:审阅和代编 IAASB当前及今后的工作
为了满足豁免法定审计要求的实体的需求,ISRE 2400 和ISRS 4410 的相关性逐渐增强 2009年3月批准的项目;IAASB继续讨论的问题 对项目的考虑 可供选择的服务必须能够在保证程度、工作量和成本上予以明确区分 通过沟通提高使用者的理解程度 44
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAEs) New ISAE 3402: Assurance Reports on Controls at a Third-Party Service Organization Concurrent initiative in the US to revise SAS 70 Approval expected September 2009 New ISAE: Assurance on Greenhouse Gas Statements First IAASB project in the area of sustainability assurance Consultation plan under development
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国际鉴证业务准则(ISAEs) IAASB当前及今后的工作 新 ISAE 3402: 第三方服务机构控制的鉴证报告
与此同时,美国正在修订SAS 70 预计2009年9月批准 新ISAE: 对温室气体排放信息的鉴证 IAASB在可持续发展鉴证业务领域的第一个项目 正在制定征求意见的计划 46
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAEs) (cont’d) New ISAE: Pro-forma Financial Information included in Prospective Financial Information Exposure draft expected December 2009 Revision ISAE 3000: Assurance Engagements Other Than Audits and Reviews of Financial Standards
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国际鉴证业务准则(续) IAASB当前及今后的工作 新ISAE: 包含在预测性财务信息中的模拟财务信息 预计2009年12月发布征求意见稿
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
XBRL Addressing performance and reporting expectations of the auditor in connection with audited financial statements accompanied by XBRL data Rapid Response Development of a mechanism for responses to urgent issues Impact Analysis Analysis of impacts (costs, benefits, etc.) of proposed new or revised standards, as part of due process considerations
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可扩展商业报告语言(XBRL) 快速反应 影响分析 IAASB当前及今后的工作
建立针对突发问题的应对机制 影响分析 分析建议新制定或修订的准则的影响(包括成本、效 益等),并考虑将其作为应循程序的一部分 50
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IAASB Current and Forward Agenda
Initiatives in the Current Environment Staff Audit Practice Alerts Auditing Fair Value Accounting Estimates (October 2008) Going Concern (January 2009) External Confirmations (forthcoming Fall 2009) Liaison activity with others International Accounting Standards Board International Valuation Standards Committee IFIAR
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当前环境下的举措 IAASB当前及今后的工作 IAASB员工所做的审计实务提示: 与其他组织的联系:
审计公允价值会计估计(2008年10月) 持续经营(2009年1月) 外部函证(2009年秋) 与其他组织的联系: 国际会计准则理事会 国际评估准则委员会 独立审计监管机构国际论坛(IFIAR) 52
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Resources www.iaasb.org IAASB Strategy and Work Program, 2009 – 2011
Project timetables Meeting information and agenda material Project histories Exposure Drafts of Standards
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相关资料 www.iaasb.org IAASB 2009 –2011年战略和工作计划 项目时间表 会议信息及议程资料 项目制定历程
准则征求意见稿 54
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