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Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University

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1 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 第三章 线缆接入 3.1 xDSL技术 3.2 同轴电缆接入 3.3 EoC及其组网 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

2 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.1.1 xDSL技术 数字用户线DSL( Digital Subscriber Line)是一种利用普通电话铜线对(cooper pairs),实现高速宽带信息传输的技术。 网络 (Internet) 局端设备(DSLAM) 远 端 设 备 用户终端 (PSTN) (用户侧) (网络侧) ( Internet网络接口, ATM, Ethernet, SDH ) (电话网络(模拟或数字接口E1 ) 电话 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM#) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

3 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 一、 xDSL技术分类 (一)   对称类: 上下链路速率相等,用于LAN互连、PABX互连、E1电路(如基站),Internet接入,e.g., VoD, Video Conferencing 1、高速数字用户环路 HDSL(High data/bit rate conferencing, Internet DSL) 80年代启用 速率1.5或2.3 Mbps (传送T1/E1) 6000英尺~12000/18000英尺(=0.3m)、 /5公里) 三线对、二线对、一线对 2B1Q(2 Bits/ Quaternary Symbol四进制符号), CAP (carrierless Amplitude/ Phase ) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

4 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2、SDSL(Symmetric/Single copper pair DSL) 速率128 K Mbps 单线对 <18000 feet, <5Km 2B1Q 3、SHDSL(G991.2)(G.shdsl) 是SDSL的新版本 G.991.2, Feb, 2001 长度可以加大20%(SDSL) 192K Mbps 可单线对,或双线对(1.2Mbps, 20000feet/ 0.5mm) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

5 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 4、IDSL(Integrated service digital network DSL) 支持 2B+D 144kps (2B捆绑, 1B语音+1B数据) 永远在线(always available) (二)非对称类 1. ADSL(Asymmetric DSL) G.992.1 速率upstream – 640 kbps downstream 1.5M-6.1M(or 8 Mbps) 0.4mm(0.5mm) T1/E1 4.6km/0.4mm线芯 (5.5km/0.5mm线芯) 6 Mbps 2.7KM/0.4mm线芯 (3.7 km /0.5mm线芯) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

6 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 带分离器(splitter) 滤波器 DMT/CAP编码 2. 简便ADSL(ADSL Lite) G.992.2 downstream /1.5-8 Mbps, upstream /500 kbps 不带分离器 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

7 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3. RADSL (Rate Adaptive DSL) 动态改变传输速率 速率 upstream ~768kbps downstream 384k~9.2Mbps 4. VDSL(Very high bit rate DSL) 速率downstream Mbps upstream Mbps(可以达到52Mbps) 距离 km (2 km) 需要分离器 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

8 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 二、DSL中使用的复用技术 1) FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) 4k 上行 下行 f 边界可变 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

9 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2)回波抵消EC (Echo cancellation, canceller) 4k 上行 下行 f 边界可变 注解:上行与下行传输频谱有部分重叠,边界可变 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

10 Local Termination Unit Remote Termination Unit
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.1.2 HDSL技术 一、HDSL传输系统框图 收发 收发器 线对1 局端(LTU) 远端(RTU) LTU: Local Termination Unit 线对n (<=3) RTU: Remote Termination Unit Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

11 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

12 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7  1、  接口: 实现E1 G.704定义的2 Mb/s HDB Mb/s NRZ PCM码流(也称E1 framer); 2、  映射: (Mapper, HDSL framer)用2Mb/s NRZ PCM帧组成HDSL传输帧数据字段;    3、  收发器(Transceiver) DSP: 实现HDSL传输帧组装/拆帧、编/解码、均衡回波抵消; Analog Front End: 模拟信号处理; Line protection/power feeding: 模拟线路保护馈电。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

13 二、HDSL传输帧结构(课本:宽带网络技术原理P155-156,或宽带接入技术及应用pp98)
Project Progress 2017/4/7 二、HDSL传输帧结构(课本:宽带网络技术原理P ,或宽带接入技术及应用pp98) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

14 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 线对数不同,帧结构不同(1-3线对) H1:同步码字(14b)+H0 开销(2b); H2/H3/FH4:开销(10 b) H5:0-4比特码速调整 帧长6ms 一线对:36*64Kbps+ 16Kbps=2.32Mbps 二线对:18*64Kbps+ 16Kbps=1.168Mbps, 每线对 三线对:12*64Kbps+ 16Kbps=0.784Mbps, 每线对 注解:1线对的HDSL帧传输速率: {[ *12*(36*8+1)bits}/6ms=3220Kbps 如何用类似方法计算出2线对时的HDSL帧传输速率=1168Kbps? Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

15 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 三、HDSL应用 1、接入网 用作数字传输设备(N*E1/T1) 局 端 交换机 HDSL 用户交换机 模拟电话 数字电话 LTU NTU Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

16 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2、Internet/Intranet接入 用作数字传输设备(N*E1/T1) V.35(N*64k) E E V.35 Router MUX HDSL Internet/Intranet Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

17 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3、其他应用 局域网通过帧中继互连、ATM电路仿真业务(Circuit Emulation)所需要E1/T1传输的业务,军用被覆线群路传输系统 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

18 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.1.3 ADSL技术 一、ADSL接入网络结构 传统拨号网络结构 计算机 ModemV.34 用户交换机 PSTN 电话 Modem池 Internet 内置/外置 USB/V.24 (串口) 特点: 电话/上网分时使用 模拟/数字接口 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

19 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 ADSL接入网络结构 PSTN 用户交换机 Internet 电话 Ethernet/ATM接口 RJ-11 分离器 计算机 分离器1 分离器N ADSL 1 ADSLN Router/ switch >4KHZ RF11 ADSL Modem Ethernet (10BASE-T) RJ45 ATM接口 DSLAM(ATU-C) ATU-R DSL路由器 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

20 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 ATU-C/R(ADSL Transmission Unit -Central/Remote) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

21 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 二、ADSL MODEM原理框图 模拟 前端 DMT modem ATM 传输 接口 管理接口 UTOPIA/或比特流 CTRLE控制 UTOPIA: Universal Test of PHY Interface for ATM Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

22 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7  1. 模拟前端 Analog frontend 完成A/D、D/A、滤波、AGC(Automatic Gain Control)等  2. DMT Modem QAM mapper / demapper 14比特/tone(16383点) IFFT/FFT(Inverse) Frequency Domain Equalizer  3. ATM传输(TC-Transmission Convergence) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

23 Header HEC (only for Tx), Payload descrambling/
Project Progress 2017/4/7 Header HEC Cell delineation Header HEC (only for Tx), Payload descrambling/ scrambling Idle cell Extraction/ Insertion UTOPIA Interface Cell Mux/ DeMux 信元发送/接收接口 OAM Cell Extraction/ Insertion Note: This block diagram has been revised on Oct. 2014 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

24 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 4、CTRLE接口 Modem与管理实体间的接口 Configuration of a modem Line De-allocation of a modem Line operation/performance data retrieval defect Retrieval 故障检查 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

25 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 三、ADSL 组网 BRAS: Broadband Remote Access Server 宽带远程 接入服务器 今天仍在使用 DSLAM: DSL Access Multiplexer RTU: Remote Termination Unit,ATMF:ATM Forum Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

26 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 DSLAM-RTU间的两种模式: 1)ATM over ADSL 2)Packet over ADSL DSLAM与核心网的接口#: 1)SDH (Packet) 2) SDH (ATM) 3) GE 4) n*E1 注解:WDM为传输设备提供传输波长 λ,每个波长可用于SDH、GE的传输。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

27 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.1 xDSL技术 3.2 同轴电缆接入 3.3 EoC及其组网 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

28 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.2 HFC接入网技术  一、    HFC网络组成# 1、什么是HFC网? HFC: Hybrid Fiber coaxial cable , HFC is a shared broadcast medium 它是利用光纤进行干线传输、用户网络采用同轴电缆,可以实现CATV、Internet、数据、电话/视频等业务双向传输的网络。 2、模拟数字HFC网络结构 (图见黄孝建P146) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

29 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
外网(核心网) 外网(模拟网) 解调 Project Progress 2017/4/7 调制---》解调 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

30 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3. 网元及其功能 (1) 前端 连接PSTN的设备:PBX、CO等 连接电视设备:模拟电视设备、数字电视设备(IPTV 服务器) 连接Internet/数据网:路由器、集线器等 内容服务器:视频会议服务器(MCU:Multipoint Control Unit)、VoD服务器 网管系统:SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol) 基带处理设备:调解器MODEM、复用器Multiplexer CMTS#:Cable Modem Termination Sys.,电缆调解器端局系统,是HFC的核心设备 (2)光纤传输设备 光纤及传输设备组成 下行 ~ 750MHZ 上行 ~ 200 MHZ Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

31 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 用户服务区(配线网+用户引入线) A.      光纤结点 分支器 (射频) B.      分支器将下行信号分配到用户单元 C.      引入线一般使用软电缆 D.     用户设备: 机顶盒(Set Top) :连接电视设备 线缆调解器(Cable Modem):连接计算机、话机设备 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

32 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 4. 实用网络实例 东方有线网络有线公司网络示意图 和IP骨干网上联 光接 收机 射频分配 (包括射频放大重新分配) 光发送 机 光分路器 1:4 分 前 端 光节点 放大器 用户端:电视端口以及各种数据业务端口(CM或者STB等) 用户分配网 光收机 射频分配组合 CMTS 供电器 TV信号 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

33 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 二、HFC接入网中的频率分配-同轴电缆中的频谱分配 2017/4/7 1)    回传(上行)信道: 5 ~ 30(42)MHz 一般 5~30 MHZ传输上行电话 30 ~42 MHz 传输上行数据(VoD点播信令) 2)    广播、电视频率段(MHZ) : 48.5~ 模拟广播电视 87.0~ FM广播 111~ 模拟广播电视(450~550也可以用于数字电视) 550~ VoD数字电视 710~ 非广播电视 750~ 个人通讯 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

34 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 三、基于IP的HFC网络 1、网络结构 ADM#: Add & Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器(detailed in Ch 5) CATV 网关1 ADM Switch/ 网关2 电信网PSTN CM结点 ADM ADM Router HFC ADM Internet 用户设备 模拟 PCM 语音 IP语音 模拟 不同位置语音体制 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

35 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 提供业务:IP电话、IP视频会议、IP电视、Internet; 网关1完成模拟电视与数字化IP电视的转换; 网关2完成传统PCM数字语音与数字化IP语音的转换; Router、网关1、网关2 与 Cable Modem传输机即可分开,也可合为一体。 2、IP传送协议结构 模拟 数字 数据 语音、视频 电视 电视 RTP/RTCP TCP/UDP/IP PPP SDH DWDM 物理光纤 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

36 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 RTP(实时传送协议): Real-time Transport Protocol,提供实时传送机制,如分组丢失、时戳(time stamp,用于收端时延波动处理) RTCP(实时传送控制协议): Real-time Transport Control Protocol,提供传输质量测控,如分组丢失率等 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

37 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3. 分组传送技术简记 (分层网嵌套式连接) X over Y (over Z) (X分组 在Y分组中传送, Y 分组 在Z分组中传送,studied in detail in the chapter No.8 ;例如,左图的R1~R5链路的提供有3种方式: 1)SDH层的直连链路 2)R1-D1, D1-D5, D5-R5构成链路 3)R1-O1, O1-O7,O7-O8,O8-O5,O5-R5构成链路 Voice over DSL (VoDSL) Voice over IP (VoIP) # Packet over SDH (PoS) # PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) # IP over ATM over SDH (IPoA/SDH) IP over Fiber (IPoF) Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

38 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 多层多域混合光网络组成及其相邻层/隔层承载关系示意图 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

39 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7  四、Cable Modem 设备类型 1、机顶盒(STB: Set-Top Box): 早期:增加视道、收费控制、按次计费等 现今:STB具备 1)模拟电视接收(解扰) 2)数字视频接收解码 3)交互通信(VoD、WWW、FTP、微博) 2、线缆调解器: 与信息处理平台(PC)相连,提供音/视频、上网业务等 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

40 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7  五、Cable Modem原理 1、工作原理框图 调制 FEC/ 交织 组帧 扰码 MAC 处理 解调 FEC/去交织 载荷 解扰 控制 PDU 处理 传输接口:ATM接口,10/100M Ethernet网口,USB 扰码:保证/降低错误帧同步的概率,一般使用g(x)= x43+1 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

41 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2、MAC工作原理 (Cable Modem Connection  ) CATV 用户设备 电信网PSTN HFC CM 结点 用户设备 Internet 用户设备 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

42 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2、MAC工作原理   1)CMTS(Cable Modem Termination System) CMTS与CMs是Server/clients结构; 请求冲突后,CMs采用退避机制; CMTS CMi Req Confirm   2) 信道获得:channel acquisition 搜索下行信道,获得QAM数据,寻找MPEG-2分组,找到DOCSIS(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 规定PID(Packet IDentifier)分组。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

43 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3)获得上行参数:obtain upstream parameters CM搜索三种MAC消息(message) A)  Sync: a common time reference to all modems B)  UCD:Upstream Channel Descriptor C) MAP(上行小时隙指派图):upstream allocation MAP(图形) mini-slot information that indicates when a Modem can transmit and how long to transmit 4)测距-Ranging 测距用于调整:time reference, transmitter (frequency, power) Req CMTS CMi Confirm Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

44 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 CMTS 上行大时隙1 上行大时隙2 上行大时隙3  t CMi  t CMj  t 图注: 1)由于测距的不准确,达到CMTS的小时隙间的空隙在变化; 2) CMTS的小时隙帧间留有保护时隙; 3)每一个CM需测量到CMTS的距离,以确定发送时刻; 4)即使分配给CMi的小时隙超前于CMj, CMi可能在CMj发送之后,才开始发送其数据。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

45 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 过程结束后,同步误差<1ms,发送频率<10HZ,发送功率误差1/4 db 5)建立IP连接 使用DHCP为CM分配临时IP地址。 6)注册(Registration) a) DHCP# (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, specified by an IETF RFC)响应中包括配置参数文件名、配置文件服务器的IP地址; b) CM采用TFTP(Trivial File Transfer protocol-普通文件传送协议)下载配置文件; c) CM发送注册消息,CMTS比较CM的注册消息与配置服务器获得的配置文件一致后,发出注册响应,允许CM入网. Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

46 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3.1 xDSL技术 3.2 同轴电缆接入 3.3 EoC及其组网 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

47 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 家居(HFC)网络的若干新动向: 1)全数字化; 2)可能采用Ethernet,可能的网络体制包括: CMTS+Cable Modem; EPON+EoC (Ethernet over Passive Optical Network, Ethernet over Cable); 采用GPON (Gigabit PON); 采用FTTH。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

48 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 1. 什么是EoC? Ethernet over Cable ---在“电缆”上传输以太网数据 电缆: 狭义上仅指“同轴电缆”,广义上指同轴电缆、电力线 powerline、电话线 phoneline、双绞线 (网线UTP-5) twisted Pairs。 EoC 是同轴电缆网络和IP网络的网桥 EoC 是同轴电缆和以太网的介质转换器 EoC 是RF信号和IP信号的加减复用器 EoC 是特定RF频带的调制解调器 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

49 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 EoC原理: Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

50 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 EoC组网原理: Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

51 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 2. EoC分类 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

52 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 无源EoC:也称基带EoC,就是将双绞线以太网信号在75Ω铜/铝电缆中传输。 基带EOC特点:     链路层完全遵循802.3x,点对点连接,各电气特性与LAN方式接近     双极性差分信号/单极性信号、100Ω/75Ω的转换     IP数据工作带宽:0.5~65MHz 基带EOC优点: 每线价格成本低,生产厂商较多,在国内有一定规模的应用 基带EOC缺点: 不能通过分支分配器,只支持点对点的星型分配网络,每线带宽是固定的10M,改造的时候必须一次投入到位,不能实现滚动式投资 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

53 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 有源EoC:就是传输数据需要经过调制/解调在75Ω铜/铝电缆中传输。 全频段捷变频调制,可以使同轴电缆网络整个频宽可以得到充分利用,其中在模拟CATV中,87~108MHz用于FM广播,频道4~68对应167~958MHz。 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

54 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 高频MoCA:MoCA- Multimedia over Coax Alliance,多媒体数据电缆联盟。 MoCA特点:     使用频带800MHz-1500MHz,选择1GHz以下布线方便     每个信道带宽50MHz,15个信道可选,物理层速率可达270Mbps,数据链路层速率可达130Mbps     采用OFDM调制,TDMA/TDD MoCA优点:     有联盟标准,高带宽,能够通过分支分配器,在北美有较大规模的应用 MoCA缺点:     芯片价格偏高,产品不够成熟     MOCA设备的价格下降比较快,生产的厂商也比较多 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

55 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 高频WiFi: 降频同轴WI-FI特点:     将频率降低到900MHz,不用更换现有的网络设备     与MOCA一样,能够通过分支分配器,不能够通过放大器     由于带宽比MOCA低,为保证带宽,因此一个WIFI的头端一般带12个有线电视用户,一个ONU下带4个WI-FI头端 降频同轴WI-FI优点:     技术成熟,价格低廉,是所有有源EOC技术中成本最低的,与无源EOC相比,具备滚动式投资的优势 降频同轴WI-FI缺点:     降频是非标准方式,不同厂商的降频芯片不能互通 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

56 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 低频HomePNA技术: Home Phoneline Networking Alliance,家庭电话线联网联盟 HPNA3.0特点:     使用频带12MHz-28MHz,与现有有线电视网络结构完全相同物理层速率128Mbps,数据链路层速率可达80Mbps     采用多载波MC QAM调制,在频率轴上设置2-8个不同频率的载波同时传送同样数据,比传统QAM调制抗干扰能力更强,性能更优 HPNA3.0优点:     ITU的国际标准,带宽较高,能够通过分支分配器,还能通过放大器 HPNA3.0缺点: 芯片厂商不多,目前价格还偏高 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

57 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 低频HomePlug技术: HomePlug特点: 2001年,HomePlug Mbps 2004年,HomePlugTurbo 85Mbps 2005年,HomePlugAV 200Mbps 2006年,HomePlugBPL 220Mbps (Broadband Power Line) HomePlug优点: 技术成熟,价格低廉,有联盟标准,并且抗噪声、抗多径 网络改造要求极低,网络适应性好; 带宽足够,并且方案本身的带宽在快速提高; 调制系统先进,信号汲取能力强,符号率高,抗噪声能力强; 不占用广播电视频道,符合国家有线电视频带分割方案; 信号传输损耗小,信号传输距离远, 价格相当 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

58 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 3. 六种技术比较 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

59 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 比较项目 HomePNA WiFi HomePlug MoCA/C-LINK 无源EoC 通信方式 半双工 全双工/半双工 标准化 ITU G.9954 802.11/g/n HomePlug AV MoCA 1.0 802.3 调制方式 FDQAM/QAM OFDM/BPSK, QPSK,QAM OFDM/子载波QAM自适应 基带Manchester编码 占用频段 4-28MHz 2400MHz 或变频 2-28MHz MHz 0.5-25MHz 信道带宽 24MHz 20/40MHz 26MHz 50MHz 25MHz 可用信道 1 13 15 物理层速率(Mbps) 128 共享 54/108 共享 200 共享 270 共享 10 独享 MAC 层速率(Mbps) 80 共享 25 共享 100 共享 135 共享 9.6 独享 MAC 层协议 CSMA/CA CSMA/CA,TDMA CSMA/CD 客户端数量 16 或32/64 32 左右 16 或32 31 不受限制/由交换端口数确定 QoS HPNA 3RQoS+GQoS WiFi WME(多 媒体扩展) QoS-> 802.1d AnnexH.2 8 个802.1D 优先级 映射到2 -3 个优先级 802.1d Annex H.2 时延 <30ms <5ms <1ms 备注 速率与接入节点数成反比,节点越多性能越低。 只有1家芯片厂,风险较大。 技术成熟度高,后续发展快; 频率高、损耗大,降低速率。 支持的芯片厂家较多。 较新的技术, 在VLAN 和QoS 等很多方面待完善; . 速率与接入节点数成反比,节点越多速率越低; 频率高损耗大 。 速率恒定; 无源可靠性极高; 利用最完善和成熟的Ethernet技术,有保障。 2017/4/7 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

60 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 4. 组网原理 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

61 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 无源EoC组网 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA):掺铒光纤放大器 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

62 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 无源EoC组网 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7

63 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University
Project Progress 2017/4/7 混合EoC组网: STB:Set Top Box,机顶盒 双线入户 原图此处为光发射机 光接收机 光接收机 Dr. Zhanqi XU,Natioanal Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University 单线入户 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2017/4/7


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