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生物系统中目标蛋白分子的定位、分离与纯化、分析与鉴定
蛋白质实验研究技术进展 生物系统中目标蛋白分子的定位、分离与纯化、分析与鉴定
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生物系统中目标蛋白分子的定位、分离与纯化、分析与鉴定
蛋白质实验研究技术进展 生物系统中目标蛋白分子的定位、分离与纯化、分析与鉴定
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生物系统中目标蛋白分子的定位 三个关键问题: 目标蛋白分子病理条件下的位置变化 避免假阳性 提高检测灵敏度
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相关技术: 免疫细胞化学技术 放射自显影技术 X-射线显微摄影术 普通光学显微镜技术 透射电子显微镜技术 扫描电子显微镜技术 荧光显微镜技术 共焦激光扫描显微镜技术
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免疫细胞化学技术 荧光素 (fluorescein, FITC, TRITC) 辣根过氧物酶 (horseradish peroxidase, HP) 磷酸酶 (phosphatase) Second antibody-1 Second antibody-2 First antibody Antibody Antigen 直接法(direct method) 间接法(indirect method)
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Horseradish peroxidae antibody
Second antibody First antibody Antigen 过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶复合物法, PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method, PAP)
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标记亲和素-生物素法(Labelled Avidin-Biotin method, LAB)
Horseradish peroxidae Biotin Horseradish peroxidae Avidin Second antibody Avidin Antibody Biotin First antibody Antigen Antigen direct method indirect method
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bridged avidin-biotin method Biotin
桥连亲和素-生物素法, BAB bridged avidin-biotin method Biotin Biotin HP Avidin HP Avidin Second antibody Second antibody First antibody First antibody Antigen Antigen 亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物法, ABC avidin-biotin -peroxidase complex method
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放射自显影技术(autoradiography, ARG)
制备放射性同位素标记探针 把放射性探针注入动物体内或加入生长在玻片上的细胞的培养液中 一定时间后,杀死动物取材制成切片或从培养液中取出玻片 在黑匣中, 切片或玻片与X-光片或涂有核乳胶的感光干板相贴感光 显影、定影处理 放射性同位素信号定位图像 目标分子定位情况
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X-射线显微摄影术( X-ray microphotography)
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Generation of fluorescence
Emission light Fluorescence Thermal radiation Red Orange Yellow Green Cyan Blue Violet 2 3 1 Excitation light Ultraviolet (250~400nm)
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Fluorescent dye Name Excitation light, nm Emission light, nm Usage
Primulin (樱草素) 360 400~500 Cell/Bacteria Thioflavine (硫代黄素) 380 420~550 Coumarin (香豆素) 450 Fluorescein (荧光素) 405 480 Auramine (金胺, 槐黄) 435 490~590 Fluorescein diaceticate (二乙酸荧光素) 460 610 Cell survival
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Fluorescent dye, continue
Name Excitation light, nm Emission light, nm Usage Rhodamine 123 (罗丹明 123) 560 540~660 Mitochondrion JC-1(5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethyl benzimidalyl carbocynine iodide) 490 527(low concentration or low poten) /590(high concentration or high poten) DAMP [N-(3-((2,4-dinitrophenyl) amino)propyl)-N-(3-aminopropyl) methy-lamine, dihydrochloride] 346 Lysosome Neutral red (中性红) 541 640 DiOC6 (dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide) 459 584 Endoplasmic reticulum NBD [Ceramide (6-((N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazolyl)-4- amino) caproyl)sphingosine)] 464 532 Golgi complex
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Fluorescent dye, continue
Name Excitation light, nm Emission light, nm Usage Coumarin (香豆素) 360 450 Label Antibody Fluorescein isothiocynate, FITC (异硫氰酸荧光素) 488 490~610 Phycoerythrobilin (藻红素) 570 Duochrome (二铬黄) 630 Texas red (德克撒斯红) 600
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Fluorescent dye , continue Name Ex. nm Em. nm Usage
Hoechst (赫斯特 33258) 360 505 DNA Mithramycin (光神霉素) 457 570 Ethidium bromide (溴化乙啶) 488 610 Propidium iodide (碘化丙啶) 620 Acridine orange 405 530~640 DNA or RNA Pyroniny (派若宁丫) 580 RNA
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Fluorescent dye , continue Name Ex. nm Em. nm Usage
Coriphosphine (沉香硫化氢) 458 470~660 Lipids
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Fluorescent dye , continue Name Ex. nm Em. nm Usage
Indo-1 355 405 Ca2+ (high) Fluo-3 490 525 Ca2+ Calcium green-5N 506 531 Rhod-2 550 575 Calcium orange 554 Calcium Crimson 588 611 Fura-Red 488 660
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Fluorescent dye, continue (Usage: pH)
Name Ex.peak, Diex.rate, nm Em.peak, Diem.rate, nm BCECF, range: 6.4~7.4 437/508, 490/440 520/531, 530/640 Cl-NERF 503/514, 488/514 540/539 CMHC 327/372, 372/327 470/470 COFDA 450/495, 490/450 520/520, 520 DHPN 380/405, 420/360 453/483, 512/455 DHPDS 405/458, 458/405 465/500, 500/465 DM-NERF 497/510, 488/514 527/535 4-MU 330/360, 365/334 450, 450/550 Pyranine 400/465, 450/400 510/510, 465/510 Quene-1 390 530 SNAFL-2 510/546, 540/480 539/630, 630/520 SNAFL-calcein 506/538 535/620 SNARF-1, range: 6.3~8.6 546/575, 590/500 588/673, 636/568 SNARF-calcein 506(533)/585 580/630
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