單元4 OAI-LTE與WiFi網路實驗平台的建置

單元4 OAI-LTE與WiFi網路實驗平台的建置
教育部行動寬頻尖端技術人才培育計畫-小細胞基站聯盟中心「小基站與WiFi之異質性網路存取」課程模組單元4 OAI-LTE與WiFi網路實驗平台的建置助理教授：吳俊興助教：楊文健國立高雄大學資訊工程學系

Outline OAI-LTE 介紹 OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗環境 OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗平台建置
OpenAirInterface 介紹 OAI open-cn OAI openairinterface5g OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗環境 OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗平台建置 Summary

OAI – Open Air Interface
The OpenAirInterface Software Alliance (OSA) is a non-profit consortium fostering a community of industrial as well as academic contributors for open source software and hardware development for The core network (EPC), Access network and user equipment (EUTRAN) of 3GPP cellular networks The mission of the Alliance is to provide software and tools for 5G Wireless Research and Product Development The Alliance sponsors the initial work of EURECOM to create OAI towards development of 5G Cellular Stack on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware

EURECOM EURECOM is a Graduate school and Research Centre in Communication Systems located in the Sophia Antipolis technology park (French Riviera), a major European place for telecommunications activities Founded in 1991 with three fundamental missions Research: priority given to three fields of research: Digital Security, Data Science and Communication Systems High level education Doctoral program

EURECOM and OSA EURECOM has created the OpenAirInterface (OAI) Software Alliance (OSA), a separate legal entity from EURECOM Established in 2014 Providing an open-source ecosystem for the core (EPC) and access- network (EUTRAN) protocols of 3GPP cellular systems with the possibility of interoperating with closed-source equipment in either portion of the network The OSA's EPC software is known and openairCN while the access-network software goes under the name of openair5G OAI currently includes a standard-compliant implementation of a subset of Release 10 LTE for UE, eNB, MME, HSS, SGW and PGW on standard Linux-based computing equipment (Intel x86 PC/ARM architectures)

OpenAirInterface of OSA
OpenAirInterface (OAI) wireless technology platform is a flexible platform towards an open LTE ecosystem The platform offers an open-source software-based implementation of the LTE system spanning the full protocol stack of 3GPP standard both in E-UTRAN and EPC It can be used to build and customize a LTE base station (OAI eNB), a user equipment (OAI UE) and a core network (OAI EPC) on a PC The OAI eNB can be connected either to a commercial UEs or OAI UEs to test different configurations and network setups and monitor the network and mobile device in real-time

Participating OAI Associate Members Community
A monetary contribution of at least euros Taiwan: Community Join GitLab to discover and share projects

註冊GitLab帳號 OpenAirInterface 的專案在GitLab平台上

OAI Environment - Hardware
OAI is based on a PC hosted software radio frontend architecture With OAI, the transceiver functionality is realized via a software radio front end connected to a host computer for processing

OAI Environment - Software
OAI is written in standard C for several real-time Linux variants optimized for Intel x86 and ARM processors and released as free software under the OAI License Model OAI provides a rich development environment with a range of built-in tools highly realistic emulation modes soft monitoring and debugging tools protocol analyzer performance profiler configurable logging system for all layers and channels

OAI Physical Layer for LTE Support
LTE release 8.6 compliant, with a subset of release 10 FDD and TDD configurations in 5, 10, and 20 MHz bandwidth Transmission mode: 1 (SISO), and 2, 4, 5, and 6 (MIMO 2×2) CQI/PMI reporting

OAI Physical Layer - Status
All DL channels are supported PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PMCH All UL channels are supported PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, DRS HARQ support (UL and DL) Highly optimized base band processing (including turbo decoder)

OAI E-UTRAN Protocol Stack
LTE release 8.6 compliant and a subset of release 10 features Implements the MAC, RLC, PDCP and RRC layers protocol service for all Rel8 Channels and Rel10 eMBMS (MCH, MCCH, MTCH) Channel-aware proportional fair scheduling

OAI E-UTRAN Protocol Stack Status
Fully reconfigurable protocol stack Integrity check and encryption using the AES and Sonw3G algorithms Support of RRC measurement with measurement gap Standard S1AP and GTP-U interfaces to the Core Network IPv4 and IPv6 support

OAI Evolved Packet Core Features
MME, SGW, PGW and HSS implementations OAI reuses standards compliant stacks of GTPv1u and GTPv2c application protocols from the open- source software implementation of EPC called nwEPC NAS integrity and encryption using the AES and Snow3G algorithms

OAI Network Features UE procedure handling
Attach, authentication, service access, radio bearer establishment Transparent access to the IP network Neither external Serving Gateway nor PDN Gateway are necessary Configurable access point name, IP range, DNS and E- RAB QoS IPv4 and IPv6 support

LTE Protocol Stack A schematic of the implemented LTE protocol stack in OAI OAI can be used in the context of a rich software development environment including Aeroflex-Geisler LEON / GRLIB, RTOS either RTAI or RT-PREEMPT, Linux, GNU, Wireshark, control and monitoring tools, message and time analyser, low level logging system, traffic generator, profiling tools and soft scope

Platform Environment The OAI currently implements Rel 8/10 stack for eNB/UE/EPC It runs on standard Ubuntu Linux LTS with low-latency kernel for eNB/UE It is also a requirement to have USB3/PCIe on a PC which interfaces with SDR platforms OAI can be also run in simulation mode (oaisim)

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Platform
The software runs on general purpose computing platform (for ex. Intel/ARM) and interfaces with wide variety of SDR platforms EXMIMO USRP BladeRF LimeSDR

Supported SDR List

SDR Boards

OAI open-cn OAI open-cn程式模擬EPC架構

OAI open-cn程式架構 ./openair-cn ├── build ├── docs ├── etc ├── NOTICE ├── oaienv ├── README ├── scripts run and build ├── src └── test

執行hss時可用的選項 lab@NUK:~/develop/openair-cn/scripts$ ./run_hss -h
Usage: run_hss [OPTION]... Run the HSS executable (experimental). Options: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too -c, --config-file filename Config file to be used by HSS if you don't want to use the default one: /usr/local/etc/oai/hss.conf -e, --export-db filename Export current database to a SQL file, file prefix is /home/lab/develop/openair-cn/src/OAI_hss/db. (useful for replaying test scenarios) -D, --daemon Run the daemon. -i, --import-db filename Import SQL file to current database, file prefix is /home/lab/develop/openair-cn/src/OAI_hss/db. (useful for replaying test scenarios or restoring original database content) -I, --install-hss-files Install HSS config files (NOT RECOMMENDED. See gitlab tutorial, or docs/EPC_User_Guide.pdf ) -g, --gdb Run with GDB. -h, --help Print this help. -k, --kill the running local HSS

執行mme時可用的選項 lab@NUK:~/develop/openair-cn/scripts$ ./run_mme -h
Usage: run_mme [OPTION]... Run the MME executable. Options: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -c, --config-file file_abs_path Config file to be used by MME if you don't want to use the default one: /usr/local/etc/oai/mme.conf -D, --daemon Run the daemon. -g, --gdb Run with GDB. -G, --gdb-cmd cmd cmd_arg Append this GDB cmd to GDB command file (ex1: break Attach.c:272, ex2: watch 0xffee0002). All repetitions of this argument are valid. -h, --help Print this help.

執行mme時可用的選項(Cont.) lab@NUK:~/develop/openair-cn/scripts$ ./run_mme -h
-I, --install-mme-files Install MME config files. (NOT RECOMMENDED. See tutorials on or docs/EPC_User_Guide.pdf -k, --kill Kill all running MME instances, exit script then. -m, --mscgen directory Generate mscgen output files in a directory -v, --verbosity-level Verbosity level (0,1,2). 0 -> ASN1 XER printf off 1 -> ASN1 XER printf on and ASN1 debug off 2 -> ASN1 XER printf on and ASN1 debug on

執行spgw時可用的選項 lab@NUK:~/develop/openair-cn/scripts$ ./run_spgw -h
Usage: run_spgw [OPTION]... Run the S/G-GW executable (S-GW + P-GW). Options: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -c, --config-file file_abs_path Config file to be used by spgw if you don't want to use the default one: /usr/local/etc/oai/spgw.conf -d, --daemon Run the daemon. -g, --gdb Run with GDB. -G, --gdb-cmd cmd cmd_arg Append this GDB cmd to GDB command file (ex1: break Attach.c:272, ex2: watch 0xffee0002). All repetitions of this argument are valid.

執行spgw時可用的選項(Cont.) ./run_spgw -h -h, --help Print this help. -k, --kill Kill all running SPGW instances, exit script then. -m, --mscgen directory Generate mscgen output files in a directory -v, --verbosity-level Verbosity level (0,1,2). 0 -> ASN1 XER printf off 1 -> ASN1 XER printf on and ASN1 debug off 2 -> ASN1 XER printf on and ASN1 debug on

OAI openairinterface5g 程式架構
openairinterface5g ├── cmake_targets: build utilities to compile (simulation, emulation and real-time platforms), and generated build files ├── common : some common OAI utilities, other tools can be found at openair2/UTILS ├── LICENSE ├── maketags : script to generate emacs tags ├── openair1 : 3GPP LTE Rel-10 PHY layer + PHY RF simulation and a subset of Rel 12 Features. ├── openair2 :3GPP LTE Rel-10 RLC/MAC/PDCP/RRC/X2AP implementation. ├── openair3: 3GPP LTE Rel10 for S1AP, NAS GTPV1-U for both ENB and UE. └── targets: top level wrapper for unitary simulation for PHY channels, system-level emulation (eNB-UE with and without S1), and realtime eNB and UE and RRH GW.

執行eNB時可用的選項 sudo -E ./lte- softmodem -h # /dev/cpu_dma_latency set to 0us log init done Usage: sudo -E lte-softmodem [options] sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.exmimo2.openEPC.conf -S -V -m 26 -t 16 -x 1 -- ulsch-max-errors 100 -W Options: --rf-config-file Configuration file for front-end (e.g. LMS7002M) --ulsch-max-errors set the max ULSCH erros

執行eNB時可用的選項(Cont.) Options: --calib-ue-rx set UE RX calibration
--calib-ue-rx-med --calib-ue-rxbyp --debug-ue-prach run normal prach power ramping, but don't continue random-access --calib-prach-tx run normal prach with maximum power, but don't continue random-access --no-L2-connect bypass L2 and upper layers --ue-rxgain set UE RX gain --ue-rxgain-off external UE amplifier offset --ue-txgain set UE TX gain --ue-nb-ant-rx set UE number of rx antennas --ue-scan-carrier set UE to scan around carrier

執行eNB時可用的選項(Cont.) Options:
--dlsch-demod-shift dynamic shift for LLR compuation for TM3/4 (default 0) --loop-memory get softmodem (UE) to loop through memory instead of acquiring from HW --mmapped-dma sets flag for improved EXMIMO UE performance --external-clock tells hardware to use an external clock reference --usim-test use XOR authentication algo in case of test usim mode --single-thread-disable. Disables single-thread mode in lte-softmodem --AggregationLevel Choose the aggregation level used by tghe eNB for the OAI use 1, it will save some time of processing the pdcch --DCIformat choose the DCI format, be careful when using this option(for the moment only valid for SISO DCI format 1)

執行eNB時可用的選項(Cont.) Options: -A Set timing_advance
-C Set the downlink frequency for all component carriers -d Enable soft scope and L1 and L2 stats (Xforms) -F Calibrate the EXMIMO board, available files: exmimo2_2arxg.lime exmimo2_2brxg.lime -g Set the global log level, valid options: (9:trace, 8/7:debug, 6:info, 4:warn, 3:error) -G Set the global log verbosity -h provides this help message! -K Generate ITTI analyzer logs (similar to wireshark logs but with more details) -m Set the maximum downlink MCS

執行eNB時可用的選項(Cont.) Options:
-O eNB configuration file (located in targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF -q Enable processing timing measurement of lte softmodem on per subframe basis -r Set the PRB, valid values: 6, 25, 50, 100 -S Skip the missed slots/subframes -t Set the maximum uplink MCS -T Set hardware to TDD mode (default: FDD). Used only with -U (otherwise set in config file).

執行eNB時可用的選項(Cont.) Options: -U Set the lte softmodem as a UE
-W Enable L2 wireshark messages on localhost -V Enable VCD (generated file will be located atopenair_dump_eNB.vcd, read it with target/RT/USER/eNB.gtkw -x Set the transmission mode, valid options: 1 -E Apply three-quarter of sampling frequency, Msps to reduce the data rate on USB/PCIe transfers (only valid for 20 MHz)

OAI-LTE Small Cell架構軟硬體需求 OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗平台建置 Summary

OAI-LTE Small Cell 實驗架構
WiFi

Small Cell 實驗環境

軟硬體環境 - 硬體名稱規格數量目的 EPC eNB UE 電腦型號： ASUS VivoPC VM40B 1
啟動MME, S-GW, P-GW功能 Ethernet Network Cards (PCI-E : Realtek RTL8111/8168、USB : TP-LINK UE300) 2 一張連接eNB內部網路一張連接外部網路 eNB 電腦規格： CPU : i7-4790 RAM : 20G 啟動eNB功能 USRP B210 對UE接收及發送訊號 Ethernet Network Card Wireless Network Card LTE基地台用來連接EPC 一張成為WiFi熱點 UE ASUS ZS570KL 連接eNB HTC Desire 728

軟硬體環境– 軟體名稱軟體版本目的 EPC OS： Ubuntu Ubuntu 14.04 啟動MME, S-GW, P-GW功能
Kernel 4.7.1 OAI的EPC軟體 openair-cn 採用發佈版本 OAI的EPC軟體擴充套件 xtables-addons-oai 採用發佈版本 eNB 啟動eNB功能 Kernel linux-image lowlatency OAI的eNB軟體openairinterface5g 採用發佈版本

Kernel Setup Instructions
OAI recommend that you use Ubuntu Linux for OpenAirInterface OAI should run also on other distributions, but the build scripts might need to be adopted For the master branch of openairinterface5g (Commit d0e2938b) OAI recommend Ubuntu LTS with low-latency kernel (Strongly Recommended) For the develop branch, you can also use Ubuntu with low-latency kernel 3.8

Kernel Setup Instructions – Additional Components
Example kernel for openair-cn for latest develop branch(tag v0.4.0) is 4.7.x You will need GTP kernel module from Osmocom which is loaded as module inside kernel

注意事項作為EPC的PC無需要高效能的運算速度，但需要同時連接內部eNB及外部Internet，所以需要兩張網卡。安裝OAI EPC軟體建議用4.7.1最新更新版kernel，建議使用這一版本的kernel，因為此kernel版本已經由官方網站作實際測試並順利運行EPC軟體。提醒：建議先依官方的版本安裝成功後，再做更新或嘗試其它的版本。

設定EPC的網卡取得認證並下載OAI 的EPC軟體 EPC軟體設定及執行取得認證並下載OAI 的eNB軟體設定eNB的網卡 eNB軟體設定及執行 UE 設定 UE 在 EPC 成功認證的訊息 Summary

實驗平台建置進度 OAI-LTE 與 WiFi 網路實驗平台建置設定EPC的網卡取得認證並下載OAI 的EPC軟體 EPC軟體設定及執行
取得認證並下載OAI 的eNB軟體設定eNB的網卡 eNB軟體設定及執行 UE 設定 UE 在 EPC 成功認證的訊息

Overall Installation Stages
Install and configure OAI eNB, EPC and HSS on a single or different hosts At the end of this stage, EPC should be able to connect to HSS and eNB can connect to EPC + HSS Configure UE (e.g., smartphone service mode, USIM card) and register the user on HSS database At the end of this stage, UE should be able to attach and connect to eNB Configure networking settings between eNB and UE At the end of this stage, they should be able to ping each other and surfing the internet

按右上角的網卡設定如下圖，按Edit Connection

新增內部網卡如下圖，按Add 註：假設已先安裝好Ubuntu並且已經設定好一張網卡可以連接外部網路

下載git套件並取得認證開啟一個新的終端機，並且輸入 sudo apt-get install subversion git
git config --global user.name "輸入你的名稱" git config --global user. "輸入你的電子信箱" sudo su echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect gitlab.eurecom.fr:443 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' >> /etc/ssl/certs/ca- certificates.crt exit

下載源始碼在終端機輸入在終端機輸入以下指令來更新源始碼
git clone git clone 在終端機輸入以下指令來更新源始碼 cd openair-cn git checkout develop git pull cd scripts

修改EPC的設定檔在執行EPC的時候它會載入一些設定檔，程式會跟據這些設定檔中所設定的網卡、IP、MTU等使用者主要修改的設定檔有
hss.conf mme.conf mme_fd.conf spgw.conf 提醒：執行測試前，務必瞭解每個必要項目的意義，並且確認都已經正確修改。

資料庫 openair-cn這套軟體所使用的資料庫主要是使用 MySQL，執行程式的時候它會載入已預設好的 oai_db.sql 但如果如果使用者有需要的話亦可以在資料庫中新增自己所需的資料，使用者可以在網頁上使用 phpmyadmin的界面新增資料到資料庫

啟動EPC程式在終端機輸入 cd ~/openair-cn/scripts ./run_hss 開啟一個新的終端機，並且輸入
./run_mme ./run_spgw

EPC運行成功若運行成功，會出現以下訊息 hss 會出現 mme 會出現
NOTI 'STATE_CLOSED' -> 'STATE_OPEN' 'hostname.openair4G.eur' mme 會出現 'STATE_OPEN'

下載git套件並取得認證在另一台電腦開啟一個新的終端機，並且輸入 sudo apt-get install subversion git
git config --global user.name "輸入你的名稱" git config --global user. "輸入你的電子信箱" sudo su echo -n | openssl s_client -showcerts -connect gitlab.eurecom.fr:443 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' >> /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt exit 如果這一頁的指令執行正確，終端機是不會有任何訊息產生

下載源始碼並安裝OAI eNB軟體所需的套件
在終端機輸入 git clone 在終端機輸入以下指令來下載並安裝OAI eNB軟體所需的套件 cd ~/openairinterface5g source oaienv cd cmake_targets ./build_oai -I --eNB -x --install-system-files -w USRP --install- optional-packages

按右上角的網卡設定如下圖，按Edit Connection

新增內部網卡如下圖，按Add

選擇eNB的設定檔在終端機輸入 gedit ~/openairinterface5g/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/enb.band39.tm1.usrpb210.conf gedit ~/openairinterface5g/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf 在“~/openairinterface5g/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/”目錄下有很多種eNB的設定檔，當eNB啓動時會載入這些設定檔，有需要的話可以修改訊號頻率，這裡是使用Band 39 和 Band 7

修改eNB的設定檔修改以下設定，須確定跟EPC的資料庫及SIM卡中的MCC、MNC、TAC這三部分對應
mobile_country_code mobile_network_code tracking_area_code

修改eNB的設定檔-IP網路設定eNB所連接的EPC的IP位址 ipv4 = "EPC 對內網卡的IP"
ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "eNB的網卡名稱" ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "eNB的網卡IP" ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U = "eNB的網卡名稱" ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U = "eNB的網卡IP"

執行eNB 在終端機輸入以下其中一個指令，選擇不同的 Band 或
sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/enb.band39.tm1.usrpb210.conf -d 或 sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE- EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf -d

本例之UE 支援4G之智慧型手機或使用LTE Dongle
此例執行OAI的eNB程式是使用Band 39 和 Band 7頻段設定檔，所以UE本身必須支援此一頻段，OAI的eNB程式預設可支援Band 3、 Band 7、Band 13、Band 38、Band 39，可根據自己需求修改設定檔的參數或使用其他預設頻段的設定檔提醒：宜先了解電信業者在實驗所在地點的Band及訊號強度，有可能會有干擾

SIM Card的資料此例的SIM Card資料是使用OAI官方所提供的SIM Card資料範例，可跟據自己的情況來燒錄SIM Card的資料 Algorithm: Milenage Ki: 8BAF473F2F8FD09487CCCBD7097C6862 (could be changed on per UE basis with the corresponding changes in HSS) OP: C1:00, C2: 01, C3: 02, C4: 04, C5: 08, R1: 40, R2: 00, R3: 20, R4: 40, R5: 60 all in hexa. SPN (service provider Name): OpenAirInterface MCC: 208 (FR) MNC: 93 (new MNO MNC) IMSI: (MCC|MNC|id), where id is incremented. Note that here the PLMN (20893) is 5 digit, which is why the id 10 digits. Otherwise, for 6 digit PLMN, you only have 9 digit for id. SQN (Sequence number): (this is different from the IMSI)

使用智慧型手機HTC 728 設定APN(Access Point Names)
Profile名稱設為eur，APN欄位設為oai.ipv4，承載者為LTE

使用智慧型手機 ASUS ZS570KL 設定APN(Access Point Names)
名稱設為eur APN設為oai.ipv4 承載者為LTE

手機設定注意某些手機可能要關掉 VoLTE通話某些手機要設定只能使用LTE 以上設置根據不同手機有不同的設置方法

手機主動搜尋基地台

hss比對資料庫和UE的資料 hss會出現以下訊息

UE在EPC認證成功若成功，MME會出現以下訊息

手機成功連上OAI

Summary

Summary 介紹OAI-LTE符合3GPP LTE的標準熟悉OAI-LTE程式架構以及其功能，了解 OAI-LTE環境之基本要求
簡單了解OAI-LTE實驗平台的操作方法，UE在連接服務時的結果

References OpenAirInterface (OAI): Towards Open Cellular Ecosystem, How to Connect OAI eNB (USRP B210) with COTS UE, Siminfo (SIM Card Information), OAI openairinterface5g Project, OAI openair-cn Project, Brief Notes on OpenAirInterface, Kernel Requirements for RAN,

單元4 OAI-LTE與WiFi網路實驗平台的建置

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