Translation of Technical Reports

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1 Translation of Technical Reports
Scientific and Technical Translation City University of Hong Kong Lecturer: Ivan Yeung

2 0 Technical Reports 0.1 Types of Technical Reports
a) Research Reports 研究報告 These documents describe the work done to gather information in the laboratory or field They can be simple recording of data or more thorough and include: the problem or issue examined the method or equipment used the data collected and the implications

3 0.1 Types of Technical Reports
b) Technical Information Reports 技術資訊報告 This document explains a technical subject It has no aim other than to make sure readers understand the topic clearly. e.g., a technical report on dinosaur fossils would probably explain dinosaur evolution how fossils were formed the technical terms used…… and so on A simple technical report for information does not necessarily put forward a view on the merits of certain policy or have recommendations for promoting a particular practice

4 0.1 Types of Technical Reports
c) Technical Evaluation Reports 技術評估報告 sometimes called feasibility reports (可行性評估報告), present technical information in a practical and logical way to decide whether something is possible. e.g., a technical evaluation report into setting up an intranet site for a corporation would examine if this was possible set out the steps needed and point out any problems It does not recommend if the corporation should set up its own intranet site.

5 0.1 Types of Technical Reports
d) Technical Recommendation Reports 技術建議報告 these reports lead to specific recommendations it builds on the evaluation report and comes to specific recommendations to help the decision-maker adopt the best solution some reports often have both the evaluation and recommendation reports rolled into one

6 0.2 Structure of a Technical Report
0.2.0 Contents 目錄 0.2.1 Abstract / Summary* 摘要 contains enough information for the readers to become acquainted with the full document without reading it; In as few words as possible the summary lets the reader know: the subject and objectives of the report the significance of the issue methods to be employed the key findings major conclusions length of summary varies abstracts of research reports are usually less than two hundred words / one page in length. executive summaries are less than 10% of the full report or less than 10 pages in length

7 0.2 Structure of a Technical Report
0.2.2 Introduction 緒論 / 導論 The material which you are about to present in the main body of the report must be set in context. an introduction should include: why is this work being presented? how does it relate to other work in the field? what are the aims and objectives of the project?

8 0.2 Structure of a Technical Report
0.2.3 Core 正文 This will be the main part of the report and provide all of the results and discussions which someone who wished to examine the work in detail would require. e.g. a report on an experimental project would include: theory 理論 experimental method 實驗方法 results 結果 discussion 討論

9 0.2 Structure of a Technical Report
0.2.4 Conclusions 結論 the conclusions should be a condensed version of the intervening sections giving the key findings of the work it should be closely related to the objectives which were stated in the introduction 0.2.5 Appendices 附錄 If there is information which is not of immediate use to the reader, or for some other reason is difficult to incorporate in the body of the report, then it should be consigned to an appendix. typical appendices are: references (always the first appendix) long mathematical derivations large design drawings (but key diagrams should be put in beside the relevant text)

10 Consultancy Study for Indoor Air Pollution in Offices and Public Places in Hong Kong (Agreement No. CE 14/95) 辦公室及公眾場所室內空氣污染顧問研究 (合約編號 CE 14/95) 動筆！ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Background 2. The Study 2.1 Questionnaire Survey 2.2 Detailed Measurements 2.3 Statistical Analysis 2.4 Other Countries' Practice 行政摘要 1. 背景 2. 研究 2.1 問卷調查 2.2 詳細測量 2.3 統計分析 2.4 其他國家慣例

11 Consultancy Study for Indoor Air Pollution in Offices and Public Places in Hong Kong (Agreement No. CE 14/95) 辦公室及公眾場所室內空氣污染顧問研究 (合約編號 CE 14/95) (續) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (cont.) 3. Major Findings 3.1 Questionnaire Survey 3.2 Detailed Field Measurements 3.3 Statistical Analysis 3.4 IAQ in Public Places 3.5 Study on the Practice of Other Countries 行政摘要 (續) 3. 主要調查結果 3.1 問卷調查 3.2 詳細實地測量 3.3 統計分析 3.4 公眾場所的室內空氣質素 3.5 研究其他國家的慣例

12 Consultancy Study for Indoor Air Pollution in Offices and Public Places in Hong Kong (Agreement No. CE 14/95) 辦公室及公眾場所室內空氣污染顧問研究 (合約編號 CE 14/95) (續) 動筆！ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (cont.) 4. Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ 4.1 Code of Practice 4.2 IAQ Guidelines / Objectives 4.3 Control Strategies 4.4 Residential Premises 5. Recommended Further Studies 6. Conclusion and Way Forward 行政摘要 (續) 4. 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 4.1 工作守則 4.2 室內空氣質素指引∕指標 4.3 管制策略 4.4 住宅樓宇 5. 建議進一步的研究 6. 結論和前瞻

13 Background 背景 in the Second Review of the 1989 White Paper on Pollution issued in November 1993, the Government recognised the existence of potential health risk and problems associated with indoor air pollution. 在1993年11月發表的1989年環境污染白皮書第二次檢討中，政府了解到室內空氣污染對健康可構成潛在危害和多種問題。 As an initial step to address the issue, an 18-month Consultancy Study on Indoor Air Pollution in Offices and Public Places was commissioned in October 1995. 為解決這問題，當局在1995年10月進行一項為期18個月的「辦公室及公眾場所室內空氣污染顧問研究」。

14 Background 背景 (續) The Study was carried out by EHS Consultants Limited and managed by a Steering Group chaired by the Environmental Protection Department. 研究在環境保護署擔任主席的督導小組監理下，由環境安全顧問有限公司進行。 Other members in the Steering Group included the Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau, Architectural Services Department, Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, Labour Department and Department of Health. 督導小組其他成員包括規劃環境地政局、建築署、機電工程署、勞工處及衛生署。

15 The Study 研究 動筆！ The Study was to characterize and quantify the indoor air pollution in office premises and selected public places in Hong Kong, assess the causes of the pollution problems, and recommend the most suitable control strategy. 這項研究的目的，是找出本港辦公處所和某些選定公眾場所的室內空氣污染特點和程度、評估污染問題的成因及提出合適的污染管制策略。 It comprised (a) questionnaire survey, (b) field sampling and laboratory analysis, (c) statistical analysis of the results, (d) study on the practice of other countries. 研究內容包括（a）問卷調查；（b）實地採樣和化驗分析；（c）對結果進行統計分析；（d）研究其他國家慣例。

16 The Study 研究 (續) The Study also identified the measures to mitigate indoor air pollution and prepared a draft Code of Practice on the management of IAQ, made proposal on the IAQ objectives, produced a mathematical model to predict the levels and exposures of common indoor air pollutants. 研究也找出緩解室內空氣污染的措施，及擬備一份管理室內空氣質素的工作守則（初稿）、對室內空氣質素指標提出建議、制備一套數學模型用以推測常見的室內空氣污染物的水平和暴露程度。 It also proposed the approach and action on control of IAQ in residential premises. 研究也建議一系列方法及措施來規管住宅處所室內空氣質素。

17 Questionnaire Survey 問卷調查
The questionnaire survey was to gauge the indoor air quality (IAQ) situation of offices and public places in Hong Kong and the associated medical symptoms, and to facilitate subsequent correlation analysis with the characteristics of the occupants / premises and other surveyed parameters. 問卷調查搜集有關本港辦公室及公眾場所的室內空氣質素情況以及所引起的有關症狀，以助分析它們與佔用人∕處所及其他測量因素的相互關係。 The questionnaire design was based on the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) with slight modifications to suit local conditions. 問卷按「美國職業安全及健康管理局」模式設計，並作出輕微修改以適應本港情況。

18 Questionnaire Survey 問卷調查 (續)
It consisted of two parts: a telephone survey on 2,000 respondents and an on-site survey on 1,183 occupants of 40 selected office premises. 問卷包括兩部分：以電話訪問了 2,000 名人士，再實地訪問 40 間辦公室的 1,183 名佔用人。 The occupants' perception of the IAQ in their workplace was gauged by expressions of satisfaction, and by calculating a Building Symptom Index (BSI) based on responses to questions about medical symptoms which would go away after leaving the workplace. 被訪者以滿意程度來表達對工作地點的室內空氣質素的主觀感受，再根據對症狀問題（這些症狀會在離開辦公室後消失）的答覆來計算出「病態樓宇症指數」。

19 Questionnaire Survey 問卷調查 (續)
Building occupants' perception is traditionally considered an important indication of sick building syndrome, given the health symptoms associated with it. 傳統上樓宇佔用人的感受由於與病徵有關，因此樓宇佔用人的感受被視為「病態樓宇綜合症」的重要指標。 由於樓宇佔用人的感受與病徵有關，故一直被視為「病態樓宇綜合症」的重要指標。

20 Detailed Measurements 詳細測量
The sampling protocol for field measurement was based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's BASE (Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation) study and modified as necessary to cope with the local constraints. 實地樣本搜集方法，乃根據美國環境保護署的「樓宇評估調查及評定（Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation）研究」再按需要修訂以配合本港規限條件。 Detailed monitoring and laboratory analysis of 40 offices was conducted between March and October 1996. 在 1996 年 3 月至 10 月間，研究於 40 間辦公室進行了詳細空氣測試和化驗分析。

21 Detailed Measurements 詳細測量 (續)
To assess the extent to which air quality problems are due to seasonal variations, a longitudinal study covering summer and winter months for five out of the 40 office premises was made. 為評估季節變化對空氣質素影響的程度，更挑選其中 5 間進行夏季和冬季縱觀分析。 A pilot study of IAQ in public places, which looked at selected samples of twenty restaurants, eight shopping malls, five cinemas, two wet markets and selected concourses / platforms of the Mass Transit Railway, was also conducted. 另外，在公眾場所，包括 20 間食肆、8 間商場、5 間戲院、兩個街市以及數個地鐵通道∕月台，進行了一項小型試驗性的室內空氣質素測試。

22 Statistical Analysis 統計分析
動筆！ Extensive statistical analysis was made to establish the degree of correlation between occupants' reported perceptions about IAQ and the tangible, measurable parameters. 研究進行了廣泛的統計分析，以建立佔用人對室內空氣質素的主觀感受和實際測量結果的相關程度。 The consultants also looked into the correlation between perceptions and specific medical symptoms. 顧問也探討了主觀感受與特定症狀的相互關係。

23 Other Countries' Practice 其他國家慣例
The Study also surveyed the relevant legislation, regulations and current practices on the control of IAQ in eight developed countries, namely Japan, United Kingdom, USA, Australia, South Korea, Singapore, Canada and Sweden. 研究亦探討了8個已發展的國家：包括日本、英國、美國、澳洲、南韓、新加坡、加拿大和瑞典對管制室內空氣質素的有關法例和現時做法。 The study of the experiences in these countries provided the background information which is particularly useful in formulating the strategy to institutionalise IAQ for Hong Kong. 剖析這些國家的經驗所得出的背景資料，特別有助本港制訂有關策略將監管室內空氣質素制度化。

24 Major Findings ─ Detailed Field Measurements 主要調查結果 ─ 詳細實地測量
動筆！ In the field measurement survey, carbon dioxide was the pollutant most often violated the international standards on IAQ: in the summer survey, 37.5% of offices had, over an 8-hour period, a mean carbon dioxide level exceeding 1,000 ppm. 在實地測量時，二氧化碳是最普遍違反國際室內空氣質素標準的污染物。在夏季調查時，37.5%的辦公室在8小時內的平均二氧化碳水平超逾1,000ppm。 These excessively high levels of carbon dioxide were found to be caused by the high occupancy density in Hong Kong and inadequate ventilation. 這問題是由於本港樓宇的高密度佔用率 * (高佔用密度) 和通風不足所致。

25 Major Findings ─ Detailed Field Measurements 主要調查結果 ─ 詳細實地測量 (續)
動筆！ Indeed the fresh air content provided by the air-conditioning systems in 90% of the office buildings was found to be insufficient and well below the minimum requirement of 7.5 litres per second per occupant specified by the revised ASHRAE Standard R of the American Standard for Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineering. 此外，九成辦公室大廈的空調不能提供充足的新鮮空氣，並遠低於「美國採暖製冷及空調工程師學會」（ASHRAE）所修訂的標準 R，即為每一佔用人每秒至少有7.5公升的鮮風供應。

26 Major Findings ─ Detailed Field Measurements 主要調查結果 ─ 詳細實地測量 (續)
There were four premises where the levels of organic compounds, such as toluene, xylene (o-, m- and p-) and benzene, were exceptionally high. This was found to be due to the use of thinner in painting and woodwork during the redecoration of offices on the same floor as the offices where the sampling was taking place. 調查中發現 4 個辦公室的有機化合物水平大大超出正常：例如甲苯、二甲苯（鄰 -、間-及對-）和苯。這是由於在辦公室採樣時，同層樓宇的裝修工程正使用油漆稀釋劑（「天拿水」）所致。 This shows the importance of monitoring and controlling activities which may affect other occupants sharing the same floor and/or the same ventilation system. 這顯示當使用同一空調系統時或同層共用時，監察其他佔用人的作業活動的重要。

27 IAQ in Public Places 公眾場所的室內空氣質素
For restaurants in general, the current smoking control measure is insufficient and efforts should be made to require segregation of ventilation systems to effectively control the entrainment of tobacco smoke to no-smoking areas. 一般來說，食肆現時對吸煙的管制措施不足，須力求將空調系統分開，使煙草的煙霧不致混入非吸煙區。

28 IAQ in Public Places 公眾場所的室內空氣質素 (續)
Adhering to a set of code of practice designed for this purpose or administrative requirements on smoking policy would yield positive improvement to the air quality indoor in such premises. 如能遵守為這目的而釐訂的工作守則或反吸煙政策的行政規定，室內空氣質素將有重大改善。 For restaurants with naked fire in the dining area, the local exhaust provisions should be required to achieve IAQ objectives of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. 如食肆在食堂使用明火，局部抽煙設備則必須符合二氧化氮和一氧化碳的室內空氣質素指標。

29 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ -- Code of Practice 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 工作守則
The Consultants have prepared a draft Code of Practice (CoP) to help the practising professionals to ensure acceptable IAQ with reference to the established practice of other countries, including Canada, USA, Finland, Sweden, Australia and Singapore. 顧問草擬了一份工作守則（初稿），以協助專業人員確保一個可接受的室內空氣質素水平，工作守則參照了加拿大、美國、芬蘭、瑞士 ** (瑞典)、澳洲及新加坡的慣例。 It is recommended the final CoP should be finalized after consultation with the building developers, property managers and building professionals. 這份工作守則初稿應在諮詢建築物發展商、物業管理經理和建築專業人士的意見後，才制訂工作守則的定稿。

30 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ -- Code of Practice 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 工作守則 (續)
動筆！ It will serve as the cornerstone of the indoor air pollution control programme and should include the following essential elements: 工作守則將成為室內空氣污染管制計劃的基準，也應包括下列重要元素： (a) A clear definition of the responsibilities of the different groups of people who potentially have a direct or indirect impact on IAQ, a. 清楚界定可能直接或間接受室內空氣質素影響各類人士的責任；* a. 對可能直接或間接影響室內空氣質素的各類人士，清楚界定其責任； (b) A comprehensive list of technical measures to be implemented, and b. 列出各項必須實施的技術措施的一覽表；及 (c) The indoor air quality guideline or objectives to be achieved and maintained. c. 須達致和維持的室內空氣質素指引或指標。

31 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略
The Hong Kong Government's initiative to improve IAQ in Hong Kong premises will be taken forward by a special Management Group to be chaired by the Environmental Protection Department who was the convenor of the IAQ study. 香港政府改善本港室內空氣質素的倡議，會由負責這個室內空氣質素研究的環境保護署擔任主席的一個特別管理小組推行。* 香港政府改善本港室內空氣質素的倡議，會由一個特別管理小組推行，小組主席由負責本研究的環境保護署擔任。 The main function will be to co-ordinate the implementation of a system of control based on the various options proposed; to review progress using indicators such as complaint cases; and to recommend action to make the scheme work more efficiently wherever necessary. 其主要職能是協調實施一個以各建議方案為基礎的監控制度；利用如投訴個案等作為指標以檢討進度；以及在有需要時建議應採取的措施使計劃得以更有效率地執行。

32 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略 (續)
The Study made a very detailed evaluation of suitable systems for institutionalising the control of IAQ in Hong Kong. Four options were identified, viz. 該研究對可用來規管本港室內空氣質素的有關制度作出詳盡的評估。所訂出的四個方案如下： (a) Option A: Self regulatory a. 方案A： 自行規管 (b) Option B: Making use of existing legislations b. 方案B：利用現行法例 (c) Option C: Amendment to existing legislations c. 方案C： 修訂現行法例 (d) Option D: Statutory control under new legislation d. 方案D： 根據新法例作出法定管制

33 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略 (續)
For Option A, the CoP will be issued as guidelines for the professionals and building management on a self-regulatory basis. 按照方案 A，工作守則是發予專業人士和樓宇管理人員作為自行規管的指引。 This option has the advantages of a fast-track programme, flexible in actual implementation and with little resistance anticipated from the affected parties. The effectiveness of implementation, however, cannot be guaranteed. 這方案優點是可以快捷和靈活地實際執行，對受影響人士不會有多大阻力，但實施成效則不能保證。* 這方案優點是可以快捷和靈活地實際執行，來自受影響人士的阻力不會太大，但實施成效則不能保證。

34 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略 (續)
Option B makes use of the provisions of certain existing regulations by administrative means such as through the drafting of Technical Memorandum, to make reference to the CoP. Amendment to those regulations is not required. 方案 B 利用某些現行規例條文透過行政方法，例如參照工作守則草擬技術備忘錄，而無需修訂現行規例。 Option C is to amend the existing regulations or licensing provisions of Chapters 123, 132 and 172 for the enforcement of the CoP. 方案 C 須修訂第123、132 及 172 章的現行規例或發牌條文，以便按工作守則採取執法行動 。

35 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略 (續)
動筆！ Both Options B and C provide the Government with the enforcement power but require certain lead time and much effort in coordinating the various control bodies. 方案B及C賦予政府執法權力，但需要一段籌備時間和很多程序來協調各規管機構。 Option D involves the introduction of a new and comprehensive legislation to provide the most effective coverage for IAQ enforcement. However, the legislative process will be lengthy and that considerable resource implications and restructuring should be anticipated. 方案D則須引入一項全面的新條例，為執行室內空氣質素法規的最佳方法，但立法程序將會頗長，並預料涉及大量資源和架構重組。

36 Recommended Measures for Improving IAQ – Control Strategies 改善室內空氣質素的建議措施 --- 管制策略 (續)
Other than Option D, the other options can be adopted in various combinations for implementation. The Management Group should determine the best option and oversee all the related activities and progress and review the situation in three years' time. 除方案 D 外，其他方案可以不同組合方式一併使用。管理小組應決定那個方案最佳，並全面監督所有有關工作和進度，以便在 3年後檢討情況。

37 Recommended Further Studies 建議進一步的研究
In light of the findings from this Study, the consultants recommended a more detailed study on the economic evaluation of the impacts of IAQ which may take the form of a government initiated cost-benefit analysis of improvement in IAQ. 根據本研究的結果，顧問建議可更詳細研究室內空氣質素管制的經濟評估。研究可按政府改善室內空氣質素的倡議進行成本及利益分析。

38 Recommended Further Studies 建議進一步的研究 (續)
動筆！ There are obviously costs in upgrading 'hardware' set up (such as ventilation) and 'software' management system in enforcement, monitoring, licensing and complaints investigation related to IAQ. However, the consultants in its preliminary economic analysis has illustrated that such cost will be more than offset by the gain made in the reduction of medical cost and regaining the loss in productivity due to 'sickness' at work. 雖然提升與室內空氣質素有關的「硬件」設備（例如空調）及執行、監察和調查對室內空氣質素投訴有關的「軟件」管理系統，明顯地需要動 用經費，但顧問在初步經濟分析已清楚闡釋，管制會減低醫療費用和避免因工致「病」所損失的生產力，這方面的經濟收益已足以抵銷開支有餘。

39 Recommended Further Studies 建議進一步的研究 (續)
The consultants also recommended further research into indoor air quality problems in educational institutions which carry out a variety of activities from laboratory work to physical exercise, and medical institutions where special control of gases, chemicals and micro-organisms is necessary. 顧問也建議對教育院校作進一步室內空氣質素研究，因院校內進行各類活動，包括實驗室工作以至體育課；也建議在醫療機構進一步研究，因該處有需要特別監管氣體、化學品和微生物。 動筆！ Institutions with susceptible groups including schools, hospitals and homes where the young, the aged and the sick are present, should also be considered as cases for further study. 易受影響的機構如學校、醫院以及收容小孩、老人和病人的機構也應作進一步研究。

40 Conclusion and Way Forward 結論和前瞻
The Study concluded that indoor air pollution in Hong Kong is very similar to that of other developed countries. The air quality in about one-third of the office buildings was perceived as unsatisfactory by the occupants and has violated WHO or relevant overseas standards. 研究結論認為，本港的室內空氣污染情況與其他已發展國家十分相似。按佔用人的感受，辦公室大樓的空氣質素約有三份一乃屬不滿意，也違反世界衛生組織或有關的海外標準。 動筆！ The approach adopted so far in controlling IAQ in Hong Kong is through establishing basic air quality standards and ventilation requirements. 本港目前規管室內空氣質素的方法，乃透過設立基本空氣質素標準和空調規定。

41 Conclusion and Way Forward 結論和前瞻 (續)
There are already statutory provisions to require buildings, workplaces and specified public places such as restaurants and cinemas to comply with basic ventilation and air quality standards but these responsibilities are split among a number of government departments. 現時已有法定條文規定樓宇、工作地點和特定公眾場所例如食肆及戲院必須符合基本空調和空氣質素標準，可是這些職責由不同政府部門分擔。 A more comprehensive mechanism to strengthen the control over IAQ may be warranted subject to a review of the situation by the Management Group in three years' time. 視乎管理小組在 3 年後檢討情況的結果，可能需要採用一個更全面的機制加強規管室內空氣質素。

42 Conclusion and Way Forward 結論和前瞻 (續)
For the interim, a comprehensive CoP giving a set of IAQ objectives and good practices on the management and enhancement of IAQ has been developed for use by the related professionals and building management. 在此期間，有關的專業人員和樓宇管理人員應遵照為此而制訂的一套全面的工作守則，內裏列出室內空氣質素指標以及管理和改善室內空氣質素的良好方法。 The Study recommended that the provisions of certain existing regulations should be further utilised to address the issue of indoor air pollution by making reference to the CoP. 研究建議應參照工作守則，進一步利用某些現行規例的條文，以解決室內空氣污染問題。

43 Conclusion and Way Forward 結論和前瞻 (續)
Improving IAQ has been shown to bring economic benefits through higher worker productivity and lower medical costs. 改善室內空氣質素，明顯地可提高生產力和減低醫療費用，帶來經濟利益。 The assurance from the Government to actively maintain acceptable IAQ standards in Hong Kong buildings is an important element for international community to decide to work and live in Hong Kong. IAQ also plays a part in Hong Kong's competitiveness as an international business centre in the region. 政府承諾為本港樓宇積極維持可接受的室內空氣質素標準，是國際人士選擇在本港工作及居留的重要因素，同時室內空氣質素對本港保持地區內國際商業中心的競爭力也有一定作用。

44 Conclusion and Way Forward 結論和前瞻 (續)
With a concerted effort and a sound institutionalised scheme of control, the IAQ of our buildings can be made more acceptable and provide a healthy environment for people to live and work in. 在同心協力和健全的室內空氣質素規管計劃下，本港樓宇的室內空氣質素可使人更樂於接受，又可提供健康的居住和工作環境。 Government buildings should take the lead for voluntary control and that should be good news for business, public and government alike. 政府建築物應率先樹立典範，實行自願規管制度，而這對商界、公眾和政府都是一個好消息。

45 本節完 下週再見！