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Published byΒασιλική Αλεβιζόπουλος Modified 6年之前
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經皮穿肝膽道引流術 Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography and Drainage
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Purpose 當膽道因結石或腫瘤造成阻塞,膽汁無法流到十二指腸,為避免膽汁滯留而造成感染,必須將膽汁引流。經皮穿肝膽道引流術即在超音波或X光透視下,在上腹經過皮膚及肝臟放置一條引流管到肝內的膽管或膽囊,來達到引流膽汁的目的 。
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Anatomy
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膽汁的流向 肝細胞分泌膽汁→ 微膽管→膽小管→膽管 →左右肝管→總肝管→ 膽囊管→總膽管→胰管 →肝胰壺腹→開口於十 二指腸乳頭(歐迪氏括約
肌)
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Diameter of common bile duct
Normal patient ---- less than 4 mm. Obstructive jaundice --- greater than 11 mm. Highly suspicious --- between 7 to 11 mm. But if C/P greater than significant of obstructive jaundice
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Gallbladder 底部(fundus) 體部(body) 頸部(neck)
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Gallbladder wall thickness
Normal distended GB mm a single echogenic layer Physiologically contracted GB 3-4 mm
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Pathology 阻塞性黃疸 原因: 良性 惡性 結石 CBD tumor 膽管炎或術後造成的狹窄 Pancreatic head ca
膽道出血 惡性 CBD tumor Pancreatic head ca Ampular vater ca HCC (tumor thrombus)
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Chief complain Yellowish skin Tea color urine Clay color stool Skin itching Lab data Total bilirubin Alkaline-P WBC
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Indication 因結石或腫瘤引起的膽道阻塞。 外傷或開刀引起的膽道挫傷及膽汁外漏。 放置金屬支架之前置步驟。
膽管內置放射線治療之前置步驟。 外科取石
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Contraindication 凝血功能不佳 腹水 廣泛轉移性肝腫瘤造成阻塞性黃膽 癌末病人
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Preparation Visiting patient and check lab. Data.
Review previous radiological examination. Antibiotic prophylaxis (IV). permit Analgesic / sedative premedication NPO 4~6 hours
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Materials N/S AIC 對比劑 Xylocaine
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chiba needle 6#cruiser Telfon-needle/sheath
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Guilde Wire PTCD包 Connecting tube
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Dilator Pig-tail PTCS
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Tie 小腿尿袋 橡皮管
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Pre-PTCD imaging study
Chest film Plain KUB Sonography Computed tomography ERCP MRCP
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Methods 穿刺右葉肝內膽管 穿刺左葉肝內膽管 穿刺膽囊方法 內留置管引流法
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Skin Pleura Peritoneum Liver capsule Bile duct
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Procedure 超音波定位 plain film 消毒 局部麻醉
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穿刺 達定位後拔內針 打顯影劑找膽道 抽Bile 放Guide Wire
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打顯影劑做膽道攝影 放pig-tail 引流袋固定
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Post procedure care Bed rest Check Bp and vital sign Wound care
Record bile drained amount Record bile color change Check serum bilirubin
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Complications Bleeding Sepsis Bile leakage, bile peritonitis
Hepatic arterial injury Pneumothorax, biliary pleural fistula Death
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PTCD的優缺點 優點 易執行 取結石 缺點 疼痛 出血、感染
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Case 69歲 女性 Pancreatic ca.
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71歲 男性
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79歲 女性 PTGBD
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56歲 女性
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References 醫用解剖學 (劉紹東等人編譯) 膽道結石症之介入性放射檢查 (姜仁惠 ) 台北榮民總醫院放射線部。放射診療訓練暨
作業手冊
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Thank You for Your Attention!
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