项目三（2） 进口非关税措施.

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1 项目三（2） 进口非关税措施

2 部分网络资源 （国内） 指定教学网站 http://www.gmsw.sunbo.net
指定教学网站　 中国国际贸易网 中华人民共和国商务部 中国外经贸 中国贸促网 阿里巴巴 中国国际贸易发展网 国际商务桥 推荐 推荐 推荐

3 国际贸易新闻 一刻

4 Contents 1 非关税壁垒概述 非关税壁垒的种类 2 重点 非关税壁垒的主要形式 3 4 非关税壁垒分析

5 一、非关税壁垒（ NTB）的概念与特点 有效性 隐蔽性 特点 歧视性 灵活性

6 第二节 非关税壁垒的主要形式 一、 进口配额制（import quotas system） 又称进口限额，是一国政府在一定时期内对某种商品的进口数量或金额加以直接地限制。在规定的期限内，限额以内的商品可以进口，超过限额就不准进口，或征收较高的关税或罚款。

7 全球配额 绝对配额 进口商配额 国别配额 进口配额制 优惠性关税 关税配额 非优惠性关税 自主配额 协议配额 补充

8 二、“自动”出口配额制 （voluntary restriction of export）
是出口国在进口国的要求或压力下，“自动”规定在某一时期内某种商品对该国的出口配额，在限定的配额内自行控制出口，超过配额即禁止出口。实际上是进口配额制的变种。

9 “自动”出口配额制与绝对配额的区别： 首先，控制方不同 其次，意愿不同 最后，期限不同

10 进口许可证制 （import license system）
广泛 三、 进口许可证制 （import license system） 有配额的许可证 A 特种 许可证 种类 无配额的许可证 D B 自动进口许可证 C

11 四、外汇管制 数量性 外汇管制 成本性 外汇管制 混合性 外汇管制
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12 欧元 英镑 美元 卢布

13 五、对外贸易国家垄断 烟酒 贸易 农产品 贸易 武器 贸易 对外贸易国家垄断 分类

14 非关税壁垒的主要形式 歧视性的政府采购政策 六 歧视性的国内税 七 八 最低限价

15 九、专断的海关管理 专断的海关 估价制度 1 表现方面 专断的 海关归类 烦琐的通关手续 2 3

16 十、进口押金制 （advance deposit）
又称进口存款制。进口商若要进口商品，要预先按照进口金额的一定比率，在规定时间内到指定银行无息存入一笔现金，以增加进口商的资金负担，达到限制进口的目的。

17 十一、技术性贸易壁垒 技术壁垒TBT 种 类 环境贸易壁垒 卫生检疫壁垒 包装标签壁垒 绿色壁垒

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19 环境贸易壁垒盛行的原因 全球生态环境恶化 绿色需求的扩大 环保标准的不一 竞争的压力 原因

20 环境贸易壁垒的形式 绿色 技术标准 绿色 环境标志 绿色 关税 绿色 包装 环境贸易 壁垒的形式

21 德国蓝色天使环境标志

22 十二、 劳工标准与贸易挂钩 其实质是人权与贸易挂钩，这是贸易壁垒政治化的表现。

23 课堂讨论题 我国如何应对绿色贸易壁垒？

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