Accelerate Reading Abilities Workshop III

Accelerate Reading Abilities Workshop III
March 2005 Monday ARA2005© All rights reserved

失讀症的定義智力正常視力正常視覺記憶正常手部活動能力正常讀寫能力顯注偏低
誦讀, 背誦, 默寫,背默, 抄寫, 閱讀理解, 作文…. ARA2005© All rights reserved

失讀症的成因 – 拼音文字 Phonological Deficit Hypothesis
Inability to establish the link between orthography and phonology at one or more of the following levels because of poor phonological awareness: Syllable level 音節層 CV level 聲母 – 韻母層 Phoneme level 語音層 ARA2005© All rights reserved

失讀症的療程 – 拼音文字 Teaching of the Grapheme – Phoneme Conversion (GPC)
e.g Hong Kong H ong K ong Articulation ar - ti – cu - la – tion once GPC rules are learn, a person can read and understand theoretically all written materials Does it apply to Chinese? 中文沒有GPC rule 但近期的研究顯示 OPC rule (Orthographic Phonological Conversion)的存在. ARA2005© All rights reserved

整字讀音和聲旁讀音的關係 regularity
清倩整字讀音稱善聲旁讀音稱稱規則不規則 ARA2005© All rights reserved

讀音一貫性 consistency 僚, 遼, 僚, 療, 寮苔, 始, 治, 冶, 怡讀音一貫性高讀音一貫性低
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聲旁家族的大小 Family size 財, 材 2 才伶, 領, 齡, 鈴, 8 令聆, 羚, 玲, 冷成員數目聲旁同聲旁成員

苓伶齡領鈴零聆玲羚 R R R R R R R R R 令 Family size: 9 Consistency: 1 (or ½)

仿訪房防放彷芳妨坊肪紡 R R R R R R R R R R R 方 Family size: 11 Consistency: 1

姐粗組阻祖咀租沮 I I I I I I I I 且 Family size: 8 Consistency: 1/5

談淡痰毯啖氮 I I I I I I 炎 Family size: 6 Consistency: 1/2

研究結果Research Findings
Regular > Irregular 規則 > 不規則 Consistent > Inconsistent 一貫 > 不一貫 Large family size > small family size 大家族 > 小家族 High Frequency > Low Frequency 高頻字 > 低頻字 ARA2005© All rights reserved

讀出新字的過程決定是否(形聲字)可以分柝決是那邊是聲旁按讀音規則性決定是否讀出聲旁* 根據讀音一貫性讀出**
*(知道聲旁(令)的讀法) **(知道整組同聲旁的字的讀音) ARA2005© All rights reserved

原語言意識和字頻 metalinguistic awareness & frequency
The awareness of rules governing the orthography of a language: Regularity 規則性 Consistency 一貫性 Family size 家大族大小 Frequency 字頻 Character frequency ARA2005© All rights reserved

失讀症的成因未能及早 (小一) 建立元語言意識未能適當地運用原語言意識去學習新字 Regularity 規則性
Consistency 一貫性 Family size 家大族大小未能適當地運用原語言意識去學習新字 Frequency reduction ARA2005© All rights reserved

失讀症的相關問題對學習新字失去興趣及信心將文字習作與失敗和不快經驗掛鉤, 對文字操作生厭

苓毯仿零訪伶沮房啖放彷齡芳妨淡羚咀鈴坊紡姐談粗玲組痰阻祖聆氮租
First exposure 苓毯仿零訪伶沮房啖放彷齡芳妨淡羚咀鈴坊紡姐談粗玲組痰阻祖聆氮租 ARA2005© All rights reserved

Organized according to sub-character structure
苓伶齡領鈴零聆玲羚仿訪房防放彷芳妨坊肪紡姐粗組阻祖咀租沮談淡痰毯啖氮 ARA2005© All rights reserved

Development of metalinguistic awareness
苓毯仿零訪伶沮房啖放彷齡芳妨淡羚咀鈴坊紡姐談粗玲組痰阻祖聆氮租苓伶齡領鈴零聆玲羚令仿訪房防放彷芳妨坊肪紡方姐粗組阻祖咀租沮且談淡痰毯啖氮炎 Regularity, consistency, family size awareness ARA2005© All rights reserved

文字的記憶 representations
音義形 ARA2005© All rights reserved

治療內容選取該年級最低頻的200個字(字頻) 學懂獨體字 (只能強記) 有系統地介紹形聲字和合體字 (元語言意識的建立)
温習 (學習曲線)以遊戲方式進行 (改變學童對文字學習的負面印象) 書寫學習 (學習部件的輸入及輸出) ARA2005© All rights reserved

有系統地介紹形聲字字的選擇及教授的次序從該年級的教科書中選字選最低頻的200個字在首五天只選家族成員不少於2的字.
用下列的次序教授所選取的字: 1. regular & consistent 2. consistent irregular 3. regular inconsistent & Irregular Inconsistent ARA2005© All rights reserved

教材的選擇２００小一低頻單字* ２００小二低頻單字根據所選擇的低頻單字再選出較高頻的雙字詞(主要是實詞輔以虛詞)作教材
*頻率 – 是指某字在指定年級的出現次數. ARA2005© All rights reserved

遊戲類別形音 (新字介紹,舊字温習) 形義 (新字介紹,舊字温習) 單字意識 character awareness (温習)
自動化 automaticity(温習) ARA2005© All rights reserved

Hands-on experience Database search數據庫搜尋
Turn Character into disyllabic words 字->雙字詞畫出與雙字詞配對的圖畫 Write down short explanation for each word created 詞語解釋 Create four kinds of games (形音,形義,自動化,單字意識) ARA2005© All rights reserved

超級無敵對對錯     A B 形音配對 (温習, 新字介紹) Screen

Hands-on experience Database search數據庫搜尋
Turn Character into disyllabic words 字->雙字詞畫出與雙字詞配對的圖畫 Write down short explanation for each word created 詞語解釋 Create four kinds of games (形音,形義,自動化,單字意識) ARA2005© All rights reserved

字變詞高詞頻低詞頻高低高低低高低高高高高高低低低低口語 vs 書面語廣東話 vs 普通話

工作量２００個字／詞２００幅圖十日，每日四至五個遊戲共四十至五十個遊戲十個遊戲供家課用

Resources for ARA2004 Corpus 數據庫 Delayed copying tests
ARA 2004 Programme guides for P.1 and P.2 Daily word list and homework list for P.1 and P.2 Line drawing corresponding to word list Line drawing corresponding to word list with explanation CNT (Chinese Character Naming test)中文單字閱讀測試. Raven’s progressive matrix Gardner’s tests ARA2005© All rights reserved

DDC Resource Centre A resource centre on the web will be launched by the end of May. We name the centre: Developmental Dyslexia Clinic Resource Centre The URL address is: The site will be divided into two parts. The first part is open to public and the second part which contains a downloading area is available to registered users only. ARA2005© All rights reserved

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