2D / 3D 遊戲程式設計入門使用 XNA 3.0 與 C# 第五章頂點定義與基本形狀的繪出.

2D / 3D 遊戲程式設計入門使用 XNA 3.0 與 C# 第五章頂點定義與基本形狀的繪出

本章目的介紹頂點格式、基本形狀 (Primitives)與基本特效 (BasicEffect)

XNA內定的頂點格式 VertexPositionColor3D 座標和顏色
VertexPositionTexture3D 座標和一組紋理圖UV座標 VertexPositionColorTexture3D 座標、顏色和一組紋理圖UV座標 VertexPositionNormalTexture3D 座標、法向量和一組紋理圖UV座標

VertexPositionColor public struct VertexPositionColor {
public Vector3 Position; // 3D 座標 public Color Color; // 顏色 public static readonly VertexElement[] VertexElements; //頂點格式宣告 public VertexPositionColor(Vector3 position, Color color); //建構元 public static int SizeInBytes { get; }); // 每個頂點大小 ..... }

VertexPositionTexture
public struct VertexPositionTexture { public Vector3 Position; // 3D 座標 public Vector2 TextureCoordinate; // 紋理圖UV座標 public static readonly VertexElement[] VertexElements; //頂點格式宣告 public VertexPositionTexture (Vector3 position, Vector2 textureCoordinate;); //建構元 public static int SizeInBytes { get; } // 每個頂點大小 ..... }

VertexPositionColorTexture
public struct VertexPositionColorTexture { public Vector3 Position; // 3D 座標 public Color Color; // 顏色 public Vector2 TextureCoordinate; // 紋理圖UV座標 public static readonly VertexElement[] VertexElements; //頂點格式宣告 public VertexPositionColorTexture(Vector3 position, Color color, Vector2 textureCoordinate;); //建構元 public static int SizeInBytes { get; } // 每個頂點大小 ..... }

VertexPositionNormalTexture
public struct VertexPositionNormalTexture { public Vector3 Position; // 3D 座標 public Vector3 Normal; // 法向量 public Vector2 TextureCoordinate; // 紋理圖UV座標 public static readonly VertexElement[] VertexElements; //頂點格式宣告 public VertexPositionNormalTexture(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector2 textureCoordinate;); //建構元 public static int SizeInBytes { get; } // 每個頂點大小 ..... }

頂點陣列 (宣告六個頂點) VertexPositionColor[] vertices = new VertexPositionColor[6]; vertices[0] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1, 0.0f, 0.0f), Color.White); vertices[1] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1, 0.0f, 0.0f), Color.White); …..

將頂點陣列的內容複製到頂點緩衝 private VertexBuffer vertexBuffer; // 頂點緩衝區
vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(this.GraphicsDevice, 6 * VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes, // 總共要多大的空間 BufferUsage.WriteOnly); // 使用方式--寫入 // 把頂點陣列複製到頂點緩衝區內 vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices);

建立一個六個頂點資料的頂點緩衝區

繪出前的頂點設定 // 頂點格式宣告 graphics.GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration =
// 頂點格式宣告 graphics.GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(graphics.GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColor.VertexElements); // 設定頂點資料流編號 0 就是第一條的來源 graphics.GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource( vertexBuffer, // 使用 vertexBuffer 頂點緩衝區 0, // 從頭開始 VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes); // 每一個頂點的大小

基本形狀 (Primitives) public enum PrimitiveType { PointList = 1, // 點
LineList = 2, // 兩點成一線 LineStrip = 3, // 點串成一線 TriangleList = 4, // 三點成一個面 TriangleStrip = 5, // 三點成一個面 TriangleFan = 6, // 三點成一個面 }

PointList基本形狀

LineList基本形狀

LineStrip基本形狀

TriangleList 基本形狀

TriangleStrip 基本形狀

TriangleFan 基本形狀

DrawPrimitives()方法

BasicEffect (基本特效) 在繪出時，必須要有一種設定來描述世界座標、相機位置、相機投影方式、燈光來源等等。XNA提供一個簡易的類別 BasicEffect (基本特效)來負責這項工作。

BasicEffect (基本特效) BasicEffect effect; // 基本特效
effect = new BasicEffect(graphics.GraphicsDevice, null); effect.World = Matrix.Identity; // 世界矩陣 effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); // 視覺矩陣 effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), 1.333f, 1.0f, 10.0f); // 投影矩陣

範例一：顯示出六個頂點定義兩個旋轉角度的global variable. 在initialize()定義六個頂點及
在update()改變旋轉角度在draw()定義世界矩陣與投影矩陣，並顯示出結果

範例一：顯示出六個頂點定義兩個旋轉角度的global variable.
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private VertexBuffer vertexBuffer; // 頂點緩衝區 private BasicEffect effect; // 基本特效 float modelRotation_Y = 0; // 旋轉角度全域變數 float modelRotation_X = 0; // 旋轉角度全域變數 public Game1() { ……… }

範例一：顯示出六個頂點 2. 在initialize()定義六個頂點
protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here effect = new BasicEffect(graphics.GraphicsDevice, null); VertexPositionColor[] vertices = new VertexPositionColor[6]; // X axis at [0,1], Y axis at[2,3], Z axis at [4,5] vertices[0] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1, 0.0f, 0.0f), Color.Red); vertices[1] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1, 0.0f, 0.0f), Color.Red); vertices[2] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0.0f, -1, 0.0f), Color.Green); vertices[3] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0.0f, 1, 0.0f), Color.Green); vertices[4] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1), Color.Blue); vertices[5] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1), Color.Blue); vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(this.GraphicsDevice, *VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices); base.Initialize(); }

範例一：顯示出六個頂點 3. 在update()改變旋轉角度
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here modelRotation_Y += 0.01f; modelRotation_X += 0.01f; base.Update(gameTime); }

範例一：顯示出六個頂點 4.在draw()定義世界矩陣與投影矩陣，並顯示出結果
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { graphics.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // Set the World Matrix effect.World = Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation_Y) * Matrix.CreateRotationX(modelRotation_X); // 世界矩陣 effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); // 視覺矩陣 effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), 1.333f, 1.0f, 10.0f); // 投影矩陣 effect.LightingEnabled = false; // 沒設光源所以不作燈光運算 effect.VertexColorEnabled = true; ……… }

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { …….. // 頂點格式宣告 graphics.GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(graphics.GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColor.VertexElements); // 設定頂點資料流編號 0 就是第一條的來源 graphics.GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource( vertexBuffer, //使用 vertexBuffer 頂點緩衝區 0, // 從頭開始 VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes); // 每一個頂點的大小 graphics.GraphicsDevice.RenderState.PointSize = 10;

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { …….. // Draw the 3D axis effect.Begin(); foreach (EffectPass CurrentPass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { CurrentPass.Begin(); graphics.GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.PointList, 0, 6); CurrentPass.End(); } effect.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

範例一：顯示出六個頂點改變點的尺寸畫出三個軸(範例二) 畫出對Y軸旋轉(範例三) 畫出七個點
Homework: 將XYZ三個字母化在對應的軸上 Homework: 顯示出一個正立方體的外框，不需要考慮每一面是否有方向性(normal向量皆朝外)

範例二：顯示出三個軸線 4.在draw()定義世界矩陣與投影矩陣，並顯示出結果

範例三：顯示出一個立方體 1. 定義八個頂點 2. 定義十二個三角形，其中兩個三角形形成一平面 3. 繪出

範例三：顯示出一個立方體定義八個頂點 protected override void Initialize() { ………
{ ……… VertexPositionColor[] vertices = new VertexPositionColor[8]; // X, Y, Z axis vertices[0] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f), Color.White); vertices[1] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f), Color.White); vertices[2] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f), Color.White); vertices[3] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f), Color.White); vertices[4] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Color.White); vertices[5] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Color.White); vertices[6] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Color.White); vertices[7] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Color.White); vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(this.GraphicsDevice, 8*VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); // 產生頂點緩衝區 vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices); // 複製頂點資料

範例三：顯示出一個立方體 2. 在initialize定義六個平面，共十二個三角形
short[] vertexIndices = new short[36]; // 36 個頂點索引 vertexIndices[0] = 3; vertexIndices[1] = 2; vertexIndices[2] = 1; // 後面 vertexIndices[3] = 3; vertexIndices[4] = 1; vertexIndices[5] = 0; vertexIndices[6] = 4; vertexIndices[7] = 5; vertexIndices[8] = 6; // 前面 vertexIndices[9] = 4; vertexIndices[10] = 6; vertexIndices[11] = 7; vertexIndices[12] = 0; vertexIndices[13] = 1; vertexIndices[14] = 5; // 左面 vertexIndices[15] = 0; vertexIndices[16] = 5; vertexIndices[17] = 4; vertexIndices[18] = 7; vertexIndices[19] = 6; vertexIndices[20] = 2; // 右面 vertexIndices[21] = 7; vertexIndices[22] = 2; vertexIndices[23] = 3; vertexIndices[24] = 5; vertexIndices[25] = 1; vertexIndices[26] = 2;// 上面 vertexIndices[27] = 5; vertexIndices[28] = 2; vertexIndices[29] = 6; vertexIndices[30] = 0; vertexIndices[31] = 4; vertexIndices[32] = 7;// 下面 vertexIndices[33] = 0; vertexIndices[34] = 7; vertexIndices[35] = 3;

範例三：顯示出一個立方體 2. 在initialize定義六個平面，共十二個三角形
indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(this.GraphicsDevice, 36 * sizeof(short), BufferUsage.WriteOnly, IndexElementSize.SixteenBits); // 產生頂點索引緩衝區 indexBuffer.SetData<short>(vertexIndices); // 複製頂點索引資料個三角形， base.Initialize(); }

範例三：顯示出一個立方體 3. 繪出 protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{ ………. // Set the World Matrix modelRotation += 0.01f; effect.World = Matrix.CreateRotationY(modelRotation); // 世界矩陣 effect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(4.0f, 4.0f, 4.0f), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); // 視覺矩陣 effect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f), 1.333f, 1.0f, 10.0f); // 投影矩陣 effect.LightingEnabled = false; // 沒設光源所以不作燈光運算

{ ………. // 頂點格式宣告 graphics.GraphicsDevice.VertexDeclaration = new vertexDeclaration(this.GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionColor.VertexElements); // 設定頂點資料流編號 0 就是第一條的來源 graphics.GraphicsDevice.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer, //使用頂點緩衝區 0, // 從頭開始 VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes); // 每一個頂點的大小 graphics.GraphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer; // 頂點索引緩衝區 graphics.GraphicsDevice.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.WireFrame; // 畫線條 graphics.GraphicsDevice.RenderState.CullMode = CullMode.CullCounterClockwiseFace; //內定逆時間裁掉

{ ………. // Draw the 3D axis effect.Begin(); foreach (EffectPass CurrentPass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { CurrentPass.Begin(); effect.DiffuseColor = new Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); effect.CommitChanges();

{ ………. graphics.GraphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, // 三個點為一個面 0, // 索引偏移値 Offset to add to each vertex index in the index buffer. 0, // 頂點緩衝區的頂點偏移値 8, // 頂點個數 0, // 開始的索引 Location in the index array at which to start reading vertices 12 // 畫 12 個三角面 ); CurrentPass.End(); } effect.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } }

範例四：有文理貼圖的立方體宣告變數 Load 貼圖產生特效

範例四：有文理貼圖的立方體 public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game // 1.
{…… private BasicEffect effect; // 基本特效 Texture2D texture; ……..} protected override void LoadContent() // 2 {…… texture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Sun"); ………} protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) {…… // Draw the 3D axis effect.Begin(); foreach (EffectPass CurrentPass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { CurrentPass.Begin(); effect.Texture = texture; effect.TextureEnabled = true; this.GraphicsDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 12); CurrentPass.End(); } effect.End(); ……….}

範例五：格線類別製作 Page 5-21~25 新增專案並加入類別：專案/加入類別建立檔案：
新增專案並加入類別：專案/加入類別建立檔案：在『加入新項目』中選擇『Game Component』，存入檔案名稱GameComponent_Grid.cs 開啟檔案，將父親類別改為Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent

範例五：格線類別製作 (GameComponent_Grid.cs)
public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent { public int gridSize = 12; // 每邊有幾格 public float gridScale = 5.0f; // 每格的寬 public Color gridColor = new Color(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF); //格線的顏色黑色 VertexBuffer vertexBuffer; // 頂點緩衝區, private VertexDeclaration vertexDeclaration; // 頂點格式 (每個頂點包含什麼內容) BasicEffect effect; // 產出時會用到的效果 int vertexCount; // 頂點數目 GraphicsDevice device; //繪圖設備 …….}

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent {…….. public Matrix world = Matrix.Identity; // 世界觀測投影矩陣 public Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0.0f, 20.0f, 20.0f), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up); public Matrix projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.ToRadians(45.0f),1.333f, 1.0f, f); //在GameComponent_Grid的Constructor先存好繪圖設備備用 public GameComponent_Grid(Game game) : base(game) { // TODO: Construct any child components here this.device = game.GraphicsDevice; ……… }

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent {…….. // Allows the game component to perform any initialization it // needs to before starting to run. This is where it can query for any required // services and load content. public override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization code here effect = new BasicEffect(device, null); // 效果 vertexCount=(gridSize + 1)*4; // 每邊的頂點數比每邊的格數多一，共有四個邊 // 每個頂點包含位置和顏色，先空出 vertexCount 個頂點 VertexPositionColor[] vertices = new VertexPositionColor[vertexCount]; float length = (float)gridSize * gridScale; // 邊長等於格數乘以格寬 float halfLength = length * 0.5f; // 半邊長因為是要以原點為中心左右半

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent {…… int index = 0; // 頂點索引 // 定義頂點位置頂都是躺在 X Z 平面上 for (int i = 0; i <= gridSize; ++i) { vertices[index++] = new VertexPositionColor( new Vector3(-halfLength, 0.0f, i*gridScale-halfLength), gridColor); // 左邊的頂點 vertices[index++] = new VertexPositionColor( new Vector3(halfLength, 0.0f, i*gridScale-halfLength), gridColor); // 右邊的頂點 new Vector3(i*gridScale-halfLength, 0.0f, -halfLength), gridColor); // 上緣的頂點 new Vector3(i*gridScale-halfLength, 0.0f, halfLength), gridColor); // 下緣的頂點 }

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent {……// 建立頂點緩衝區 vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, vertexCount * VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); // 將頂點資料複製入頂點緩衝區內 vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices); // 頂點格式 vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(device, VertexPositionColor.VertexElements); base.Initialize(); }

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent { …..// Allows the game component to update itself. // name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values. public override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // TODO: Add your update code here base.Update(gameTime); }

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent { ….. public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { // 效果三大矩陣設定 effect.World = world; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.VertexColorEnabled = true; // 使用頂點顏色效果 device.VertexDeclaration = vertexDeclaration; // 頂點格式 device.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes); // 頂點來源

public class GameComponent_Grid : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.DrawableGameComponent { ….. public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) ………….. effect.Begin(); // 效果開始 foreach (EffectPass CurrentPass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { CurrentPass.Begin(); device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.LineList, 0, vertexCount / 2); // 兩兩畫線所以只有 vertexCount/2 條線 CurrentPass.End(); } effect.End();

範例五：格線類別製作 (Game1.cs) protected override void Initialize() {
// TODO: Add your initialization logic here Grid = new GameComponent_Grid(this); this.Components.Add(Grid); base.Initialize(); }

2D / 3D 遊戲程式設計入門使用 XNA 3.0 與 C# 第五章頂點定義與基本形狀的繪出.

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Presentation on theme: "2D / 3D 遊戲程式設計入門使用 XNA 3.0 與 C# 第五章頂點定義與基本形狀的繪出."— Presentation transcript: