視窗程式設計 (Windows Programming)

視窗程式設計 (Windows Programming)
鄭士康國立台灣大學電機工程學系/電信工程研究所/ 資訊網路與多媒體研究所

綱要第一個視窗程式工具箱與控制項訊息盒事件處理標籤與按鈕選單對話表單 MVC:模型-呈現-控制器原理

綱要改寫主控台程式為視窗程式加入圖形影像二十一點模擬程式0.1G版

第一個C#視窗程式新增專案/名稱 (WindowsForm應用程式) Form1.cs[設計]/屬性頁建置方案/啟動但不偵錯
方案總管/Program.cs 方案總管/Form1.cs/Form1.Designer.cs 重新命名

Form 屬性

WindowsFormsApplication1. Program.cs (1/2)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { static class Program /// <summary> /// 應用程式的主要進入點。 /// </summary> [STAThread]

WindowsFormsApplication1. Program.cs (2/2)
static void Main() { Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application. SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); }

WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.Designer.cs (1/3)
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { partial class Form1 /// <summary> /// 設計工具所需的變數。 /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// 清除任何使用中的資源。 /// <param name="disposing">如果應該處置 Managed 資源則為 true，否則為 false。</param>

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); #region Windows Form 設計工具產生的程式碼 /// <summary> /// 此為設計工具支援所需的方法 - 請勿使用程式碼編輯器修改這個方法的內容。 /// /// </summary>

private void InitializeComponent() { this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container(); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.Text = "Form1"; } #endregion

練習產生一個視窗程式，表單類別名為MainForm，表單標題為Hello，嘗試改變其大小

工具箱檢視/工具箱通用控制項 Button CheckBox Label ProgressBar etc.

練習產生一個視窗程式，嘗試加入一些通用控制項

程式UsingMessageBox畫面

UsingMessageBox.Program.cs using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingMessageBox { static class Program { static void Main() { Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new MainForm()); //******************************************* MessageBox.Show("Main form has been closed"); //******************************************* }

視窗程式執行流程程式進入程式初始化事件發生等待狀態事件處理事件處理結束程式關閉資源釋放程式離開

事件處理

程式HandlingEvents表單輸出

HandlingEvents.MainForm.cs (1/2)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace HandlingEvents { public partial class MainForm : Form public MainForm() InitializeComponent(); }

HandlingEvents.MainForm.cs (2/2)
private void MainForm_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //******************************** MessageBox.Show( "滑鼠剛剛點擊" ); }

HandlingEvents.MainForm. Designer.cs片段 (1/2)
#region Windows Form 設計工具產生的程式碼 /// <summary> /// 此為設計工具支援所需的方法 - 請勿使用程式碼編輯器修改 /// 這個方法的內容。 /// /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.SuspendLayout(); // // MainForm this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);

HandlingEvents.MainForm. Designer.cs片段 (2/2)
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size( 292, 266); this.Name = "MainForm"; this.Text = "MainForm"; this.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.MainForm_Click); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion

練習產生一個視窗程式，每次滑鼠雙擊，即顯示訊息修改程式，使能累計滑鼠雙擊次數，並顯示於訊息盒

程式UsingLabels畫面

基本標籤

標籤點擊事件處理(1/2) using System; using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingLabels { public partial class MainForm : Form public MainForm() InitializeComponent(); }

標籤點擊事件處理(2/2) private void label1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
//************************ label1.Text = "程式可關閉"; }

程式UsingButtons畫面

按鈕

按鈕點擊事件處理(1/3) using System; using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingButtons { public partial class MainForm : Form public MainForm() InitializeComponent(); }

按鈕點擊事件處理(2/3) private void button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{ //********************************* if (button1.Text == "是(&Y)") label1.Text = "檔案已刪除"; button1.Text = "確定"; button2.Visible = false; } else Dispose(true);

按鈕點擊事件處理(3/3) private void button2_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{ //********************************* Dispose(true); }

練習撰寫應用標籤與按鈕的視窗程式，內容自由發揮

程式UsingMenuStrip畫面

主選單與選項

練習設定主選單及選項，內容自定

程式UsingDialogForm畫面

對話表單設計專案/加入新項目/Windows Form Label/TextBox/Button
TextBox屬性(Text, TextAlign)及Button行為調整設定

UsingDialog.MainForm.cs (1/2)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingDialogForm { public partial class MainForm : Form public MainForm() InitializeComponent(); }

UsingDialog.MainForm.cs (2/2)
private void 輸入表格ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //********************************* Dialog diag = new Dialog(); diag.ShowDialog(); }

UsingDialog.Dialog.cs (1/3)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingDialogForm { public partial class Dialog : Form //*********************************** int[ , ] table = new int[2, 3]; public Dialog() InitializeComponent(); }

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //******************************************* table[0, 0] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox1.Text); table[0, 1] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox2.Text); table[0, 2] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox3.Text); table[1, 0] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox4.Text); table[1, 1] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox5.Text); table[1, 2] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox6.Text); MessageBox.Show(table[0, 0].ToString()+ "\t" + table[0, 1].ToString()+ "\t" + table[0, 2].ToString()+ "\n" + table[1, 0].ToString()+ "\t" + table[1, 1].ToString()+ "\t" + table[1, 2].ToString() + "\n"); //******************************************** }

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //********************************* Dispose(); }

練習以對話表單輸入資料，內容自定

Model-View-Controller
*D. Collins, Designing Object-Oriented User Interfaces, Benjamin/Cummings, 1995.

形式與功能 Function determines forms 資料處理核心與使用介面儘量分離 (Document vs. View)
使用介面較常變動資料處理核心較為穩定

程式UsingGUI畫面

UsingGUI.MainForm.cs (1/3)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingGUI { public partial class MainForm : Form //********************************* Table t = new Table();

public MainForm() { InitializeComponent(); } private void 輸入表格ToolStripMenuItem_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) //********************************* Dialog diag = new Dialog(); diag.ShowDialog(); t.Content = diag.Content; 計算ToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

private void 計算ToolStripMenuItem_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { //********************************* Output output = new Output(); output.DoComputation(t); output.ShowDialog(); }

UsingGUI.Dialog.cs (1/4) using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingGUI { public partial class Dialog : Form //*********************************** int[ , ] table = new int[2, 3];

UsingGUI.Dialog.cs (2/4) public Dialog() { InitializeComponent(); }
private void button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) //******************************************** table[0, 0] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox1.Text); table[0, 1] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox2.Text); table[0, 2] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox3.Text); table[1, 0] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox4.Text); table[1, 1] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox5.Text); table[1, 2] = Convert.ToInt32(textBox6.Text);

UsingGUI.Dialog.cs (3/4) MessageBox.Show(table[0, 0].ToString()+ "\t" + table[0, 1].ToString()+ "\t" + table[0, 2].ToString()+ "\n" + table[1, 0].ToString()+ "\t" + table[1, 1].ToString()+ "\t" + table[1, 2].ToString()+ "\n"); Dispose(); //******************************************** } private void button2_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { //******************************************** Dispose();

UsingGUI.Dialog.cs (4/4) //********************************************** public int[,] Content { get { return table; } }

UsingGUI.Output.cs (1/3) using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UsingGUI { public partial class Output : Form public Output() InitializeComponent(); }

UsingGUI.Output.cs (2/3) private void Output_Load(
object sender, EventArgs e) {} private void button1_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { //******************************************** Dispose(); } //********************************************** public void DoComputation(Table t) int[,] table = t.Content; int[] rowSum = t.RowSum(); int[] colSum = t.ColSum(); int totalSum = t.TotalSum();

UsingGUI.Output.cs (3/3) label5.Text = table[0, 0].ToString();
label8.Text = rowSum[0].ToString(); label9.Text = table[1, 0].ToString(); label10.Text = table[1, 1].ToString(); label11.Text = table[1, 2].ToString(); label12.Text = rowSum[1].ToString(); label13.Text = colSum[0].ToString(); label14.Text = colSum[1].ToString(); label15.Text = colSum[2].ToString(); label16.Text = totalSum.ToString(); } //************************************************ }

UsingGUI.Table.cs片段 public int[,] Content { get { return data; } set {
data = value; nRow = value.GetUpperBound(0) + 1; nCol = value.GetUpperBound(1) + 1; }

程式DisplayingCards畫面

程式DisplayingCards注意事項
檔案夾PlayingCards應放在bin資料夾內，與Debug(偵錯版)及Release(發行版)資料夾併行

DisplayingcCards.MainForm. Designer.cs (1/4)
//***************************** using System.Drawing; namespace DisplayingCards { partial class MainForm /// <summary> /// 設計工具所需的變數。 /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; //******************************************* private Image image; private Graphics graphics; private bool started = false; //*******************************************

/// <summary> /// 清除任何使用中的資源。 /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">如果應該處置 Managed 資源則為 true，否則為 false。</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing);

//****************************************** private void DisplayImage() { int si = listBox1.SelectedIndex; string[] suit = { "s", "h", "d", "c" }; int i = listBox2.SelectedIndex + 1; string rank = i.ToString(); string fileName = "..\\PlayingCards\\" + suit[si] + rank + ".jpg"; image = Image.FromFile(fileName); graphics = CreateGraphics(); graphics.DrawImage(image, 5, 5, 85, 150); }

protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { base.OnPaint(e); if (started) DisplayImage(); } //****************************************** #region Windows Form 設計工具產生的程式碼 #endregion

MainForm.cs (1/2) using System; using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace DisplayingCards { public partial class MainForm : Form public MainForm() InitializeComponent(); }

MainForm.cs (2/2) private void MainForm_Load(object sender,
EventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, //***************** DisplayImage();

BlackJack_0_1G 類別圖

互動設計：Activity Diagram

Form Design 開始要牌莊家: 18 點停玩家: 21 點清除

起始處理：Collaboration Diagram

起始處理：Sequence Diagram

玩家要牌：Sequence Diagram

玩家停牌：Sequence Diagram

系統表單

BlackJack_0_1G.MainForm.cs (1/11)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace BlackJack_0_1G { //*********************************** public struct PlayerInfo public string name; public Status status;

public int totalPoints; public Card[] cards; public int nCards; } //*********************************** public partial class MainForm : Form { //******************************* private Game game; private PlayerInfo playerInfo; private PlayerInfo dealerInfo; private Image image; private Graphics graphics; private bool inGame = false;

public MainForm() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //************************************** game.ProcessPlayerRun(out playerInfo); ShowInfo(); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(playerInfo); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(dealerInfo);

//****************************************** private void ShowInfo() { int i; string fileName; graphics = CreateGraphics(); for (i = 0; i < playerInfo.nCards; ++i) fileName = "..\\PlayingCards\\" + playerInfo.cards[i].Name() + ".jpg"; image = Image.FromFile(fileName); graphics.DrawImage(image, 5+100*i, 220, 85, 150); }

for (i = 0; i < dealerInfo.nCards; ++i) { fileName = "..\\PlayingCards\\" + dealerInfo.cards[i].Name() + ".jpg"; image = Image.FromFile(fileName); graphics.DrawImage(image, 5+100*i, 5, 85, 150); } label1.Text = dealerInfo.totalPoints.ToString(); label2.Text = playerInfo.totalPoints.ToString(); label11.Text = dealerInfo.name; label12.Text = playerInfo.name; //******************************************

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //***************************************** // "開始"按鈕 inGame = true; game = new Game(); game.InitPlay(out playerInfo, out dealerInfo); ShowInfo(); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(playerInfo); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(dealerInfo); button3.Enabled = false; button4.Enabled = true; }

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //************************************** // "停"按鈕 game.ProcessDealerRun(out dealerInfo); ShowInfo(); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(playerInfo); CheckBlackJackOrBurst(dealerInfo); if (playerInfo.status == Status.PASS && dealerInfo.status == Status.PASS)

if (dealerInfo.totalPoints >= playerInfo.totalPoints) { MessageBox.Show(dealerInfo.name + "勝" + playerInfo.name); } else MessageBox.Show(playerInfo.name + "勝" + dealerInfo.name); //**************************************

private void CheckBlackJackOrBurst(PlayerInfo info) { if (info.status == Status.BLACK_JACK) MessageBox.Show(info.name+" 二十一點"); } if (info.status == Status.BURST) MessageBox.Show(info.name + " 爆!!!");

private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //************************************** // "清除"按鈕 inGame = false; Invalidate(); label1.Text = "0"; label2.Text = "0"; button4.Enabled = false; button3.Enabled = true; }

//****************************************** protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { base.OnPaint(e); if (inGame) ShowInfo(); }

BlackJack_0_1G.Game.cs (1/7)
/* * 二十一點遊戲, for GUI version * 11/21/2008 */ using System; namespace BlackJack_0_1G { class Game const int N_PLAYERS = 2; Deck deck; Player[] players = new Player[N_PLAYERS]; public Game()

players[0] = new Player("Jeng"); players[N_PLAYERS - 1] = new Dealer(); deck = new Deck(); } public void InitPlay(out PlayerInfo playerInfo, out PlayerInfo dealerInfo) { int i; // 第一輪發牌 for (i = 0; i < N_PLAYERS; ++i) players[i].SaveACard( deck.DealACard());

// 第二輪發牌 for (i = 0; i < N_PLAYERS; ++i) { players[i].SaveACard( deck.DealACard()); } playerInfo.name = players[0].Name; playerInfo.status = players[0].GetStatus(); playerInfo.totalPoints = players[0].GetTotalPoints(); playerInfo.cards = players[0].DumpCards(); playerInfo.nCards = players[0].GetNCards();

dealerInfo.name = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].Name; dealerInfo.status = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetStatus(); dealerInfo.totalPoints = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetTotalPoints(); dealerInfo.cards = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].DumpCards(); dealerInfo.nCards = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetNCards(); }

public void ProcessPlayerRun(out PlayerInfo playerInfo) { players[0].SaveACard(deck.DealACard()); playerInfo.name = players[0].Name; playerInfo.status = players[0].GetStatus(); playerInfo.totalPoints = players[0].GetTotalPoints(); playerInfo.cards = players[0].DumpCards(); playerInfo.nCards = players[0].GetNCards(); }

public void ProcessDealerRun(out PlayerInfo dealerInfo) { while ( players[N_PLAYERS - 1].WantOneMoreCard()) players[N_PLAYERS - 1].SaveACard( deck.DealACard()); } dealerInfo.name = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].Name; dealerInfo.status = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetStatus(); dealerInfo.totalPoints = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetTotalPoints();

dealerInfo.cards = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].DumpCards(); dealerInfo.nCards = players[N_PLAYERS - 1].GetNCards(); }

BlackJack_0_1G.Player.cs (1/6)
/* * 模擬玩家, for GUI version * 4/19/2009 */ using System; namespace BlackJack_0_1G { class Player // a player can have at most 11 cards // {A, A, A, A, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3} // for not burst or BlackJack private Card[] hand = new Card[11]; private int nCards;

private Status status; private int totalPoints; private string name; public Player() { nCards = 0; name = "無名氏"; } public Player(string name) this.name = name;

public string Name { get { return name; } } public void SaveACard(Card card) hand[nCards++] = card; StatusChecker.DetermineStatusAndTotalPoints(hand, nCards, out status, out totalPoints); public Status GetStatus() return status;

public int GetTotalPoints() { return totalPoints; } virtual public bool WantOneMoreCard() Console.Write("要再一張牌嗎? (y/n) "); string answer = Console.ReadLine(); return (answer == "Y" || answer == "y"); public void Dump() int i; Console.Write(name + " 牌: ");

for (i = 0; i < nCards; ++i) { hand[i].Dump(); Console.Write("\t"); if ((i + 1) % 5 == 0) Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine(name + " 總點數: " + totalPoints); public Card[] DumpCards() return hand;

public int GetNCards() { return nCards; }

視窗程式設計 (Windows Programming)

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