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What causes the “sparking” of a wintergreen lifesaver?

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Presentation on theme: "What causes the “sparking” of a wintergreen lifesaver?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What causes the “sparking” of a wintergreen lifesaver?

2 電磁學 (Electromagnetism)
電學(Electricity) 1. 電荷、電力與電場 2. 靜電的應用 3. 電位與電容器 4. 電流與電阻 5. 電路

3 磁學 (Magnetism) 磁場 電流與磁場 電磁感應 物質的磁性 麥斯威爾方程式 電磁波 Lasers and X-rays

4 8-1 電荷、電力與電場 8-1.1 電荷(electric charge) 8-1.2 庫倫定律 (Coulomb’s law )
8-1.3 電場(electric field)與 場線(電力線)

5 8-1.1 電荷 摩擦充電 塑膠棒(負荷電)與毛皮(正荷電) 玻璃棒(正荷電)與絲綢(負荷電) 感應充電

6 正荷電與負荷電

7 摩擦充電

8 感應充電

9 The Electric Interaction

10 Charge is quantized The electric charge (e) is discrete (quantized)
SI unit: coulomb (C), defined in term of ampere

11 Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment
Quarks:

12 Charge is conserved The radioactive decay
The annihilation process (對滅)

13 Elementary Particles The pair production process (對生)
The bubble (cloud) chamber

14 8-1.2 Coulomb’s Law

15 Ex. 1-1 一庫倫負電荷含有多少電子 Ex. 1-2 氫原子內電子與質子之間電 力與重力之比

16 Ex. 1-3 鐵(Fe26)原子核中,兩個相距一個原子核半徑的質子間之斥力
R = 410-15m 如此大之斥力,必須有更強的核力與之抗衡,方能維持原子核的穩定。

17 8-1.3 電場與場線 (electric field) (Lines of force)

18 電場的定義 電力: q與q0之間的電力 or q在q0所建立的電場中受到的電力

19 點電荷

20 帶電平板

21 二正電荷與電雙極 q0

22 電場的計算 電雙極 均勻帶電圓環 均勻帶電圓盤

23 電雙極

24 兩電荷的電場相加

25 電雙極的電場

26 均勻帶電圓環

27 均勻帶電圓環的電場

28 極限情形 If z » R,

29 均勻帶電圓盤

30 均勻帶電圓盤的電場

31 The electric field on an oil drop
A drop of R = 2.76m has 3 excess electrons,  = 920kg/m3

32 8-2 靜電的應用 Ink-Jet Printing Soil Decontamination Electroplating
Electromagnetic Predators Electric Precipitator Xerography Laser Printer

33 Ink-Jet Printing ink droplet直徑<1 ×10-4m 每秒可噴出150000顆速度~64km/h
印字頭移到不需印出之位置時,充電電極使墨滴充電,再由偏向版偏折進入Gutter。 彩色印表機使用三支噴頭(青藍、紫紅、黃)或四支(加黑)

34 An ink drop with

35 Soil Decontamination and Electroplating
Positive contaminant and negative soil, loosen by LF sound wave

36 Electromagnetic Predators
510-9 V

37 電磁掠食者

38 The torpedo ray and electric eel
電鰩:整個電細胞組成的「發電器官」會形成70~80伏特的電壓,一秒鐘能連續放電100多次,人體接觸牠所釋放的電流,會感覺麻痹。非洲有一種電鰩能釋放220伏特的電,碰上牠很難活。

39 Electroplaques

40 Electric Precipitator

41 影印機 鍍鍶鋁滾筒 鍶在暗處為絕緣體(insulator)在亮處為導體(conductor)-photoconductor 光導體
為鋁良導體使滾筒電帶正電之電極;使影印紙帶正電(大於滾筒)之corotron

42 The copying process

43 Laser Printer

44 A RAM Chip A charged capacitor means that a “one” has been stored.

45 電容式鍵盤

46 電容式麥克風

47 心電圖和腦波圖 EKG EEG

48 視網膜電圖 ERG

49 Automatic Coffee Maker

50 Bimetallic Strip Flasher and 3-way Light Bulb

51 Electrical Grounding 0.001A : Mild tangling sensation
A: Muscle spasms 0.2A: fatal (fibrillation)

52 敬請期待 電、磁、近代物理

53 9-1.3 等位面3例 E.S. for a uniform field, a point charge, and an electric dipole

54 點電荷的電位圖

55 電容器

56 I-V curves conductor semiconductor

57 Multiloop Circuits The Junction rule: 流入接點之電流必等於流出者
(Kirchhoff’s junction/current rule)

58 10-1 磁場 The electric field and the magnetic field
Electromagnets and permanent magnets

59 Maxwell’s Equations

60 Applications of Lasers
Barcode scanning, CO2 laser welding and retina surgery

61 2D and 3D X-ray Images


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