Decent Work led Economic Development Process 以体面工作主导的经济发展过程

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1 Decent Work led Economic Development Process 以体面工作主导的经济发展过程

2 What is Decent Work? 体面工作是什么？

3 Decent Work 体面劳动 -----------------------------
Work that is productive, 多产的工作 gives fair income, 带来公平的收入 security in the workplace & social protection for the family, 工作场所的安全， equal opportunities & treatment, 平等的机会与待遇 better prospects for - personal devt & social integration, 为个人发展和社会融合创造良好的环境 freedom to organize & participate in decision making 组织自由以及参与决策 concept of decent work encompasses both individual and collective dimensions (C87 & 98)体面劳动的理念包括个人和集体层面（第87号和98号公约）

4 Decent Work: nationally defined goal thru tripartite dialogue, based on national context & needs 体面劳动：以国家背景和需求为基础，通过三方对话界定国家目标， No Ceiling, Perpetual progress 没有上限，不断进步 Relative & multiple paths 相关及多种途径 A universal social floor All who work have basic rights at work: freedom from oppression and discrimination, freedom of association, the right of children to learn and develop rather than work, freedom of choice in work But it is relative Everybody, everywhere, has a sense of what decent work means in terms of their own lives, and in relation to their own society. The full realisation of universally accepted principles requires time and will very much depend upon national conditions and policies. There is no ceiling The realisation of decent work is in perpetual movement,. The threshold of what is sees as “decent” advances with economic and social progress, and reflects the priorities which each society sets. Social Floor 社会底线 basic rights at work 工作中的基本权利 4

5 Decent Work to be achieved thru actions on 4 pillars 通过采取四大支柱方面的行动实现体面劳动
productive employment & sustainable enterprises 多产的就业和持续的企业 social protection/ social security for all 人人享有社会保护 /社会保障 Standards & basic rights at work 工作中的标准和基本权利 Promotion of Social dialogue, Including Collective bargaining 促进社会对话，集体谈判 [+ Gender Mainstreaming] 加上性别主流化

6 principle: All those who work, have rights at work! 原则：所有的工人都享有工作中的权利
Pre-conditions for Decent Work: Fundamental Rights at Work 体面劳动的前提：工作中的基本权利 principle: All those who work, have rights at work! 原则：所有的工人都享有工作中的权利 Freedom of association & recognition of the right to collective bargaining 结社自由与认可集体谈判权 No forced/compulsory labour 无强迫劳动 No child labour 无童工劳动 Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation 消除就业和职业中的歧视 …. a global social floor? What can be added to this? 一个全球社会底线？还能增加什么内容？ 6

7 Core Labour Standards 核心劳工标准
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8 If work is to be decent, it must be safe!安全的工作，才是体面的
Every year around 337 million people are victims of work accidents – about 1.1 m people die in Asia because of occupational injuries or work-related diseases 每年约有3.37亿人是工作事故的受害者，由于职业事故和疾病，亚洲约有110万人死去 The poorest, least protected, least informed and least trained are the most affected - adverse impact on human lives, healthcare costs & on economy最贫困、受保护最少、获得信息最少、接受培训最少的群体是最受影响的，对人的生活、医疗成本以及经济会产生负面影响 Improving safety & health at work & social protection for workers is a key element in realizing the goals of the Asian Decent Work Decade 改善对工人的工作安全与卫生以及社会保护是实现亚洲体面劳动十年目标的重要内容

9 体面劳动：性别主流化 Decent work: mainstreaming gender 性别视角是一种人权，有利于
A gender perspective is a matter of human right - helps to 性别视角是一种人权，有利于 Analyse economic and social roles 分析经济和社会角色 Identify forces leading to inequality 明确导致不平等的因素 Address “de-jure” and “de-facto” discrimination 应对实际和法律上的歧视 Promotes efficiency & inclusive policies 提倡效率和包容性的政策 So, what are the main DW concerns for women? 那么，女性对体面劳动的主要关注是什么呢？ Your strategies for Decent Work for Women? 你对女性实现体面劳动有什么战略？

10 What is the current situation in China? 中国当前的情况
Employment? 就业？ Wages and collective bargaining? 工资和集体谈判？ Social Protection? 社会保护？ Labour standards & workers rights? Migrant workers? 劳工标准与工人权利？移民工人？ Women workers work & lives? 女性工人的生活与工作？

11 Trade Union Concerns 工会的关注
Where are the jobs? Not only unemployment but also underemployment 工作在哪里？不仅有失业，还有就业不足的问题 60% of the A-P workers (1.1 billion), are in vulnerable employment; {South Asia: 77%, South-East Asia: 62% and East Asia:51%}.亚太地区60%（11亿）的工人处于脆弱就业状态。（南亚：77%，东南亚：62%，东亚：51%） For every unemployed adult, there are about 3-5 unemployed youth; 每一个成人失业，就有对应的3-5名青年失业 Unionization rates: 3% - 19%; & declining 建会率：3-19%；正在下降 Access to safe drinking water? Housing? Sanitation? Health care? What else?获得安全饮用水？住房？卫生？医疗？还有什么？

12 Global Economic Crisis: at least one lesson for China 全球经济危机：至少中国能吸取一个教训
Over dependence on exports & western markets 过度依赖出口和西方市场 Exports contributed between 1/3rd and 50% of the growth of income in China before the crisis. What’s more, there is high import content of exports. 危机前，出口占中国收入增长的1/3-50%。此外，出口还有很高的进口色彩。 (Source: ) For economic & social stability at home – China, like other Asian countries, needs development & expansion of domestic markets/consumption – this implies Decent Work & respect for fundamental labour standards. 为了国内的经济与社会稳定-中国像其他亚洲国家一样，需要发展和扩大国内市场与消费，这意味着体面劳动以及尊重基本的劳工标准。

13 Why Labour Standards?为什么是劳工标准？
Are labour standards only a question of ‘rights’ of workers? 劳工标准仅仅是工人的“权利”问题吗？ Voice, representation & participation 声音，代表权与参与权 What role do FoA, Collective Bargaining, Social Security & safe & healthy working conditions play in economic development? 结社自由、集体谈判、社会保障以及安全卫生的工作条件在经济发展中发挥什么作用？

14 接受将体面劳动作为一项目标，意味着要改变关于劳工、就业和经济增长的方法与政策。 在中国的背景下，在制定政策促进体面劳动方面需要何种改变？
Acceptance of Decent Work as a goal implies changing approach and policies towards labour, employment & economic growth. 接受将体面劳动作为一项目标，意味着要改变关于劳工、就业和经济增长的方法与政策。 In Chinese context, what changes are needed in development policies for promoting decent work? 在中国的背景下，在制定政策促进体面劳动方面需要何种改变？

15 Limitations of Export led model 出口导向模式的限制
Country becomes internationally competitive by一国具有国际竞争力是因为 - keeping wages low, 保持工资低水平 - suppressing domestic consumption压制国际消费 - keeping exchange rate of the currency low (weakening of domestic currency).保持低水平的货币汇率（削弱国内货币） Employment does not increase much since domestic demand and domestic market remain limited. Gains from growth are invested abroad (often).就业不会大幅增加，因为国内需求与国内市场仍然受限。增长的收益往往用于国外投资。 If all countries are becoming export oriented, competition increases, prices keep falling and gains start declining.如果所有国家都成为出口导向型，竞争力增加，价格不断下降，收益会开始下降。

16 Wages & labour standards led model 工资及劳工标准导向型模式
Requires wages to grow along with labour productivity – increases domestic demand and domestic market 要求工资随劳动生产率增长而增长-增加国内需求和国家市场 When wage employment increases, demand for products & services of the self-employed also goes up 当工资就业增加时，对灵活就业者的产品和服务的需求也会增加 Same effect on the economy if labour standards are ensured – through sharing in gains of growth & spread of purchasing powers. 如果能保证劳工标准的实施，共享发展成果，提高人民的购买力，对经济也会产生同样的效果， Requires respect for collective bargaining & effective minimum wage increases 要求尊重集体谈判，并增加有效的最低工资

17 Negotiating for Change at National level 在国家层面协商进行改变
Ensure Right to Organize & Right to Collective Bargaining! 确保组织权与集体谈判权 Set nationwide floor labour standards –that apply to all workers & employers (de-link labour standards from permanency of employment); Roof to be attained thru Collective Bargaining – the right to which should be ensured. 制定全国最低劳工标准，适用于所有工人和雇主（将劳工 标准与永久 就业脱钩）；通过集体谈判实现，确保集体 谈判权 What should be these minimum standards? 这些最低标准应该是什么？

18 Union Actions for whom? 为谁开展的工会行动
Informal employment/underemployment 非正规就业/就业不足 Precarious employment 不稳定就业 Standard Employment 标准就业 TU members 工会成员

19 CAPACITY 能力建设 BUILDING KNOWLEDGE 知识开发DEVELOPMENT
« THERE IS NO ADVOCACY WITHOUT EVIDENCE » FROM KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT TO ADVOCACY… “没有证据就没有倡议”从知识开发到倡议 NEED TO INCREASE THE ACTIVE SUPPORT OF POLICY MAKERS UNDER THE NATIONAL SOLIDARITY PRINCIPLE 在全国团结的原则下，增加决策者的积极支持 ADVOCACY 倡议 ENHANCE TECHNICAL CAPACITIES OF UNIONS & OTHER ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL & ECONOMIC POLICIES 提高参与社会经济政策管理的工会及其他各方的技术能力 CAPACITY 能力建设 BUILDING NEED TO DEVELOP STRONGER EVIDENCE ON WHAT WORKS/ BEST PRACTICES AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL…需要开发有力的证据，明确基层的最佳实践 KNOWLEDGE 知识开发DEVELOPMENT

20 Union Actions for Decent Work 有关体面劳动的工会行动
International Workers Memorial Day 国际工人纪念日（每年4月28日） (28 April each year) Remember the Dead, Fight for the Living World Day for Decent Work ( 7 Oct each year) 铭记逝者，为生者而战 世界体面劳动日（每年10月7日） - what can your union do? 你的工会能做什么？