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水流流經多層土壤之水理分析 Hydraulic Analysis of Flow Over Multi-layered Soils

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Presentation on theme: "水流流經多層土壤之水理分析 Hydraulic Analysis of Flow Over Multi-layered Soils"— Presentation transcript:

1 水流流經多層土壤之水理分析 Hydraulic Analysis of Flow Over Multi-layered Soils
國立中興大學水土保持學系 專題討論 (四) 水流流經多層土壤之水理分析 Hydraulic Analysis of Flow Over Multi-layered Soils 授課教授:陳文福 教授 指導教授:謝平城 教授 報告學生:林彥廸 報告日期:

2 簡報大綱 研究動機與目的 文獻回顧 數學模式 目前結果 預期成果

3 研究動機與目的 坡地在人為開發或因降雨、地震等自然因素發生崩塌時,地表勢必出現裸露之階段,此時地表將會在降雨時出現漫地流,而以往有關漫地流的研究,除了討論坡面水流外,亦會探討地表下水流,但過去研究僅討論單層土壤,然而,通常在實際之情形下,土層應屬於多層土壤,故本研究將對多層土壤並將其視為具有透水性之孔隙介質進行探討,應用Navier-Stokes方程式與Biot之多孔彈性介質理論,以解析解之方式分析,藉以描述水層及土層之流速分佈、剪應力分佈等,並加入降雨條件後,以Runge-Kutta法對水深變化進行分析與討論。

4 文獻回顧(1/7) (i) 透水底床 Biot (1956a,1956b) 基於下列兩種假設: (1)固體結構應力應變關係滿足廣義虎克定律
(2)介質孔隙中之流體滿足Darcy定律 推導出多孔彈性介質勢流理論,Biot發現多孔彈性介質中存在三種型態的波,分別為兩種壓力波跟一種剪力波,其中一種壓力波傳遞通過彈性固體結構,另一種壓力波傳遞則通過流體,兩種壓力波經由固體與流體分量的勁度產生偶合作用,而流體運動並未考慮剪應變之作用,故其中之傳遞通過彈性結構的旋轉波沒有勁度偶合的現象存在。

5 文獻回顧(2/7) (i) 透水底床 Beavers and Joseph (1967)
以實驗方式在邊界上引入一切線方向的部份滑移速度條件,用以解決達西定律描述孔隙水流所造成的速度不連續現象。 層流水體 多孔介質

6 文獻回顧(3/7) (i) 透水底床 宋長虹(1993) 根據Biot (1956a,1956b)之多孔彈性介質勢流理論建立層流模式中的多孔彈性固體結構與孔隙流體偶合之線性動力反應方程式:

7 文獻回顧(4/7) (i) 透水底床 江憶玲 (1995) 以宋(1993)之多孔介質層流模式取代達西定律,用以描述孔隙介質中流體之流動,以改進Beavers and Joseph之解。 宋(1993)之孔隙流體運動方程式

8 文獻回顧(5/7) (i) 透水底床 孫永達 (1998) 求解在自由表面流之流況下,水流流經具滲透性孔隙介質時之流速分佈。 水 土
不透水底床 宋(1993)之孔隙流體運動方程式

9 文獻回顧(6/7) (i) 透水底床 許煜聖&謝平城 (2003) 透水之植生地表流速不為零, 故在此交界面速度具有連續性。
vegetation-layer soil-layer 底床附近局部放大流速分佈圖

10 文獻回顧(7/7) (i) 透水底床 陳右錚等 (2009) 裸露地底床處流速並不為零,但在土層甚淺處,流速便已趨近於零。

11 數學模式 - 研究示意圖 (1/14) uf water layer u1 soil layer (1) u2 soil layer (2)
H uf water layer y u1 soil layer (1) - h1 u2 soil layer (2) x - h2 - hm-1 um soil layer (m) - hm Impervious rock θ

12 數學模式 - Governing equation (2/14)
water layer Navier-Stokes equation soil layer Biot’s theory of poroelasticity (1956a, 1956b) ……… for solid ……… for fluid

13 數學模式 - Governing equation (3/14)

14 數學模式 - Governing equation (4/14)
the total stress tensor of solid the effect stress tensor of solid the stress tensor of fluid the displacement of solid the time t the displacement of fluid transpose of matrix T the pore fluid pressure the identity matrix the density of solid the porosity the coefficient of specificity permeability Lame constants of elasticity

15 數學模式 – Assumptions (5/14) Water layer Soil layer Incompressible
Divided into m soil layers Considering the gravitational acceleration 2-D flow Steady Fully developed flow Considering the gravitational acceleration

16 數學模式 - Momentum equation (6/14)
water layer soil layer

17 數學模式 - Boundary condition (7/14)
Assumptions of B. C. : Deresiewicz and Skalak(1963) 1. no wind force 2. no surface water waves 3. fully developed flow 4. using gauge pressure

18 數學模式 - Boundary condition (8/14)
a. At free surface (   ) 1. Continuity of fluid stress in normal (y) direction 2. Continuity of fluid stress in tangential (x) direction

19 數學模式 - Boundary condition (9/14)
b. The surface of water & soil layer (   ) 1. Continuity of fluid stress in normal (y) direction 2. Continuity of fluid stress in tangential (x) direction 3. Continuity of flux in tangential (x) direction

20 數學模式 - Boundary condition (10/14)
c. At the interfaces among the soil layers (  ) 1. Continuity of fluid stress in normal (y) direction 2. Continuity of fluid stress in tangential (x) direction 3. Continuity of flux in tangential (x) direction

21 數學模式 - Boundary condition (11/14)
d. At the interfaces among the soil layers ( ) 1. Continuity of fluid stress in normal (y) direction 2. Continuity of fluid stress in tangential (x) direction 3. Continuity of flux in tangential (x) direction

22 數學模式 - Boundary condition (12/14)
e. Impervious bed ( ) Non-slip in tangential (x) direction f. 初始位置( ) g.距初始位置L處( )

23 數學模式 – Solutions (13/14)

24 數學模式 – Runge-Kutta法(14/14)

25 目前成果 - Selective parameters of Water layer and Soil layer (1/9)
參數 選用值 單位 1000 kg/m3 9.81 0.001 0.01 m 0.4 0.3 0.002 Kp值之計算: Kozeny-Carman方程式(Bear,1972) 計算可得

26 目前成果 - Profiles of flow velocity at different slopes for a single soil layer (2/9)

27 目前成果 - Profiles of flow velocity at different slopes for double soil layers (3/9)

28 目前成果 - Profiles of flow velocity at different slopes for triple soil layers (4/9)
surface subsurface

29 目前成果 - Profiles of shear stress at different slopes for a single soil layer (5/9)
surface subsurface

30 目前成果 - Profiles of shear stress at different slopes for double soil layers (6/9)
surface subsurface

31 目前成果 - Profiles of shear stress at different slopes for triple soil layers (7/9)
surface subsurface

32 目前成果 - Profiles of water depth at different slopes and rainfall for finite single soil layer (8/9)
砂土 黏土

33 目前成果 - Profiles of water depth at different slopes and rainfall for infinite single soil layer (9/9)
砂土 黏土

34 預期成果 1.降雨強度與流量之關係 2.降雨強度與流速分佈之關係 3.降雨強度與剪應力之關係 4.不同土層數之水面線變化
5.不同土層厚度之水面線變化

35 Thank you for your listening


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