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系统发育就是指生物谱系的分支演化历史,或是指生命自起源 后的整个遗传进化史 (Avise,2006)
系统发育树是描述物种间或操作分类单元间(operation taxonomic units,OTUs)系统发育关系的图论模型 系统发育树的构建就是从现存物种和古生物学记录存留的证据 来重现生命进化史的科学探索
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树(生物信息中定义):表示物种之间的进化关系的树状图谱
基于分子水平的系统发育推断方法可以分为两大类, 基于离散特征的方法(最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法) 基于距离的方法(非加权组平均、邻接法 、距离变换法和邻接关系法)
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RAxML RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) is a popular program for phylogenetic analysis of large datasets under maximum likelihood. Its major strength is a fast maximum likelihood tree search algorithm that returns trees with good likelihood scores.
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raxmlHPC: regular app, no multi threads
raxmlHPC-PTHREADS: thread enabled
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GTRCAT: General Time Reversible + Optimization of substitution rates + Optimization of site specific evolutionary rates. GTRGAMMA: General Time Reversible model of nucleotide subistution with the gamma model of rate heterogeneity.
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FASTER PARALLELIZED (MPI) A HIGHER VALUE OF BOOTSTRAP ...
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STEP .phy DNA_aligned -- DNA_aligned_selected -- concatenxuxs -- .nex.fas -- .phy .nex ? cd raxmlHPC -T 2 -m GTRGAMMA -s ***.phy -p n *** bestTree.***.tree -- FigTree
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Partition .nex Partition_finder.cfg partitions.txt .phy
***.nex -- DNA_blocks.txt -- Partition_finder.cfg python partitionFinder.py partition_finger.cfg --raxml --rcluster-percent 0.1 best_scheme.txt -- partitions.txt cd raxmlHPC -T 2 -p m GTRGAMMA -s test.phy -n test -q partitions.txt .phy
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