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波與粒子 波的類型 機械波 電磁波 物質波:matter
governed by Newton’s laws, exist only within a material medium (介質) 電磁波 governed by Maxwell’s laws, require no material medium to exist all travel at c = 299,792,458m/s 物質波:matter
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橫波(Transverse Wave) Transversal wave displacement ⊥wave (橫波)
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縱波(Longitudinal Wave)
displacement ∥wave (縱波)
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波長與頻率 一維波函數具有兩個變數:
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常見之波動參數 振幅(amplitude) 相位(phase) 波長(wavelength)
角波數(angular wave number) 週期(period) 角頻率(angular frequency) 頻率(frequency)
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波長(λ)與角波數(k) Why picking the sine wave?
Need a videotape to show it in real time. Wavelength and angular wave number – wavelength (λ): Angular wave number(k):
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週期(T)與角頻率 (ω) Period(T), angular frequency(w), and frequency(f)
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行進波的波速 Traveling Wave The wave speed
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A left-going wave
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橫向速率與加速度
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能量傳遞率
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能量傳遞率–II 1/2
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反射(Reflection)
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折射(Refraction)
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干涉(Interference)
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波的重疊原理 The Principle of Superposition for Waves Fourier Analysis
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波的干涉 合成波
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完全建設性與完全破壞性(干涉) Fully constructive and fully destructive interference
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繞射(Diffraction)
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同相(in phase)與異相(out of phase)
(exactly in phase/out of phase)
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駐波 節點/反節點 node/antinode
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在邊界反射之相位變化
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駐波與共振 A string of length L n: harmonic number
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