Tutorial: Procedures for Constructing Disaster Evacuation Maps

Presentation on theme: "Tutorial: Procedures for Constructing Disaster Evacuation Maps"— Presentation transcript:

1 Tutorial: Procedures for Constructing Disaster Evacuation Maps
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (1) Tutorial: Procedures for Constructing Disaster Evacuation Maps Su-Chin Chen, Lien-Kuang Chen S.C. Chen Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University, (Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.) L.K. Chen National Science & Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR), (New Taipei, 23143, Taiwan, R.O.C.)

2 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (2) Teaching Objectives To understand the data required to produce a disaster prevention and evacuation map. To learn the production process of disaster prevention and evacuation maps. To learn easy ways of locating the potential disaster areas in your living environment. To learn the planning principles for evacuation routes and shelters. To estimate the regional disaster prevention capacity. To learn the basics of disaster prevention and rescue. Other related knowledge in disaster management field.

3 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (3) Debris Flow Disaster Debris flow is a mixture of water, mud, sand, and rocks. Its appearance is similar to wet concrete, therefore it has a metaphor of “Natural ready-mixed concrete”. Debris flow Occurrence Criteria: - broken bare terrain, steep slopes, and abundant rainfall Debris flow Characteristics: - The front depth of a debris flow is larger and the rear segment is lower, like a swell. - Large rocks and driftwood are carried in the upper layers, and sands and sediment in the lower layers while the flow is moving. - Debris flows have a velocity of between 2m-20m / sec, and are faster than a trained athlete, which means a debris flow moves faster than you.

4 Debris Flow Hazard Zone
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (4) Debris Flow Hazard Zone ① Debris Flow Hazard Zone Upstream: landslide area Midstream: easily collapse area on both sides of the dangerous streams Downstream: the alluvial fan of the valley ( area with dense population, or with public facilities) ② hazardous Extremely Hydraulic Accumulation area Gravity Accumulation areas Landslide area 1 2 3 Sediment Accumulation area Debris Accumulation area ③ 4

5 Debris Flow Disaster Types:
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (5) Debris Flow Disaster Site The picture shows Typhoon Toraji’s invasion brought heavy rainfall and debris flows in 2001, which caused heavy casualties and property losses in Jun-Keng and Shang-An villages located in Shueili township of Nantou County. Debris Flow Disaster Types: Areas buried in silt: Mostly occurred in the downstream alluvial fan accumulation area Erosion: Included the erosion on both sides of the river and depth of downward cutting in the stream beds Blockage：streams can easily be clogged with debris or driftwood if the stream is too narrow and the culverts are too low. Impact: It has strong impact force wherever the debris flow goes. Overland flow diversions: the original stream course changed by overland flow diversion due to piled debris, or the broken and weak geology. Abrasion: Embankments and solid concrete structures are vulnerable to damage caused by friction and abrasion from the debris flow. The main river is squeezed: The collapse occurred on both sides of the river, and the sediment accumulation caused by the tributaries will cause the channel of the main river to be narrowed. Source: SWCB, Taiwan

6 Debris Flow Disaster Site
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (6) Debris Flow Disaster Site On Jul 30, 2001 Typhoon Toraji’s heavy rainfall invaded Taiwan, causing serious debris flow disasters in Hualien and Nantou County respectively. A total of 55 people were killed with 93 missing and 33 injured. This significant debris flow disaster incident also led Taiwan to engage in debris flow disaster prevention and evacuation planning. From the past experience of debris flow disasters we learned that the modernization of engineering control has been somewhat slow. To provide the disaster prevention and evacuation knowledge to those who live near the latent hazard zone is currently one of the most necessary and effective ways to reduce the disaster casualties and property loss. Source: SWCB, Taiwan

7 What is evacuation? Hazard zone ICL Landslide Teaching Tools
PPT-tool (7) What is evacuation? Evacuation means moving the residents from a danger zone, following a non-high-risk path, to safer places or shelters, in limited time . (That include vertical evacuation from a lower floor to a high floor.) Hazard zone Safe places or evacuation shelter Non-high-risk path residents Therefore, when a disaster occurs, releasing early-warning and early emergency information, with full preparation and evacuation shelters, will effectively reduce casualties and relieve the financial losses.

8 Rapid evacuation is the most important behavior
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (8) Measures for minimizing the effects of debris flow disaster for residents Rapid evacuation is the most important behavior for the residents What kind of problems will be confronted in carrying out an evacuation? Who need to be evacuated? - Debris flow disaster impact area (potential) When do they need to evacuate? - Debris flow warning criteria (precipitation) Where is a safe place? -An evacuation refuge or shelter How to get to the shelter? – Maps of evacuation routes What can they do once the debris flow has occurred? - Disaster prevention resources and emergency contact information Useful tips for disaster prevention? - Disaster prevention supplies, signs etc.

9 Typhoon Mindulle invaded in July 2004
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (9) Debris flow disaster evacuation case Typhoon Mindulle invaded in July 2004 SONGHE tribe, Heping township, Taichung County In 2004, Typhoon Mindulle’s heavy rainfall hit the Songhe tribe area, located in Heping township of Taichung County, causing a serious debris flow disaster there. A total of 68 houses were buried and one person died. Luckily, 1,080 residents avoided becoming disaster casualties because of their successful evacuation. After the disaster,the residents were interviewed and they attributed their successful evacuation to the debris flow evacuation map, which has been very effective. The most important part is that the residents have participated in the planning of the debris flow evacuation map since 2001. River widened from 30m to 450m River widen from 8m to 325m Refuge

10 Debris flow disaster evacuation case
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (10) Debris flow disaster evacuation case SONGHE tribe Heping township Taichung County In July, after a debris flow occurred in the SONGHE tribe area, located in Heping township Taichung County, the government revised and adjusted the debris flow evacuation routes and shelters. In addition, they moved the evacuation site to the other side of Tachia stream, which has public facilities. One month later, a debris flow occurred again because Typhoon Aere brought heavy rainfall again, which had an impact on the original planned shelter, Po-Ai Primary School. Fortunately, all the residents were safely evacuated. Typhoon Aere in Aug 2004

11 Debris flow evacuation and refuge
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (11) Debris flow evacuation and refuge Refuge Information Convey Monitor The disaster is about to happen Monitor Surroundings Situation changed Convey It is important to rapidly provide the residents with evacuation information that describes in detail that debris flows may occur. The official government can also educate the residents in watching out for environmental change signs around them, to know when to evacuate their area.

12 Preparation for general disasters
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (12) Preparation for general disasters Every resident must have knowledge of what to do in a crisis Based on information, crisis management awareness, experience, evacuation maps, disaster prevention education and disaster prevention facilities, the residents can decide when evacuation is needed.

13 Production steps for planning disaster prevention evacuation maps
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (13) Production steps for planning disaster prevention evacuation maps set-up the evacuation plan Information constructed Integration of information and maps field checking and revision A draft for the evacuation map hold a presentation for the users Proceed the evacuation exercise Complete the review and present the evacuation map Application and Revision reviewed

14 Step 1. Set up the evacuation plan
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (14) Step 1. Set up the evacuation plan Planning and implementation in accordance with the regional areas and disaster type, including the purpose, users, planned areas, data collection, field survey items, schedule, the division of tasks, budget, and working schedule etc. A plan to make a evacuation map for the potential diasater areas. 14

15 Step 2. Information constructed
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (15) Step 2. Information constructed investigation, collection, classification, documentation and electronic digitization in accordance with the disaster types and the needed data. Usually the evacuation map will be designed by different disaster specialties and requirements of users. The info on the map will included: Potential disaster information (earthquakes, flooding, collapses, debris flow and other causes) Disaster area (direct and indirect effects of buildings, residents, roads, public buildings, etc) Evacuation, rescue disaster resource supply and roads (roads, traffic, etc) Evacuation, transportation and supply of resources and road salvage (road grade, traffic, etc.) A safe refuge (photos, capacity, location and safekeepers etc) The disaster prevention stations (police and fire stations, hospitals, and air transportation and supply points, powers supplies for disaster prevention, location and contact information, etc.) Emergency contact information (police and fire stations, hospitals, and local leaders of the village or tribe, such as phone number or mobile phone number etc.) Disaster prevention tips (e.g. possible signs before the disaster occurs) Important landmarks (names, locations, photos, etc) Evacuation indicators (provide the information for the alert, such as rainfall, water level, the amount of surface deformation value for reference Other practical information (chart name, auxiliary apparatus for alert observation, disaster prevention supplies, maps, scale, orientation, production time, map sheet index number, administrative district and relative location, etc.)

16 Evacuation planning ICL Landslide Teaching Tools
PPT-tool (16) Evacuation planning 1:25,000 topographic map Location Diagram

17 Field Survey (Overview)
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (17) Field Survey (Overview) Debris flow torrent Debris flow torrent Landscapes with debris flow torrents

18 Field Survey (Overview)
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (18) Field Survey (Overview) Debris flow torrent Landscape typical of debris flow torrents

19 Site investigation The magnitude of the past disaster
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (19) Site investigation The magnitude of the past disaster Post-disaster emergency treatments

20 Field Survey Interview with local residents Check the survey map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (20) Field Survey Interview with local residents Check the survey map

21 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (21) Field Survey Collect the disaster records (e.g. photos / graphics / text / video) Confirm the related information and discuss it with local residents

22 Field Survey Temporary command center Disaster records Overview
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (22) Field Survey Disaster prevention measures Temporary command center Disaster records Overview

23 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools PPT-tool 5.886-1.1 (23)
Past debris flow data collection and analysis 溪谷上游之崩塌，地下水自坡面 流出 溪谷中游之側向崩塌，為一 斜交坡 鳳林溪集水區概況 水源地集水區坡度分佈圖 15% 30% 45% 受土石流衝撞之攔砂壩，淤滿造成 土石流分流 土石流溢流之堆積區，寬度達 160公尺 土石流溪谷坡度及可能致災河段

24 Debris flow disaster emergency notification system
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (24) Debris flow disaster emergency notification system County or town office The police station Rescue Association The fire station Health centers Military units Large medical institutions NASC-National Airborne Service Corp. The reaction from rescue centers Residents’ preparation for the disaster Village leader City and county government Power company Telecommunication companies Water company Highway Bureau Facilities’ recovery Rescue support SWCB local branch Forestry Bureau Forest District Office Water Resources Agency River Management Office Community good-neighborhood and mutual help team Disaster management centers The first hazardous area residents The second hazardous area residents The third hazardous area residents Village residents 24

25 Emergency contact network and report phone numbers
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (25) Emergency contact network and report phone numbers Authority Name Contact phone number Remark (SWCB) Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (049) Fax:(049) The debris flow disaster Operation center (049) Fax:(049) National Disasters Prevention and Protection Commission (02) Fax:(02) National Rescue Command Center Central Weather Bureau (02) National Fire Agency (02) ~4 119 COA’s Debris flow disasters early warning and management team (02) Fax:(02) Forestry Bureau debris flow disaster warning and response (02) Fax:(02) 25

26 Necessary supplies for coping with a debris flow disaster
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (26) Necessary supplies for coping with a debris flow disaster Dry food, drinking water, valuables, warm and waterproof clothing, appliances, shoes, first aid and medicine supplies, matches, candles, a lifeline, communications equipment, radios, flashlights, batteries, etc. Raincoats or umbrellas, etc. Warm clothing Dry food & drinking water Matches & candles shoes Batteries & flashlights Medicine box Lifeline & whistle Communications equipment valuables

27 Signs of the debris flow
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (27) ■■■■■■■■ 1.Landslides or debris flow occurred nearby Because the slopes of other hillsides maybe unstable 2.stream flow increases suddenly Because it rained heavily in the upper stream 3. Abnormal sound from mountains Possiible signs of landslides or that landslides had occurred ■■■■■■ 4. Spring water stops Because the slope deformed, waterway blocked 5.Streams with driftwood Indicates landslides occurred or stream bank eroded 6.Stream becomes strangely muddy 7.Hearing the stones’ rubbing sound” in the stream Because the stream flow has increased 8.Weird odor Landslides occurred upstream, odor coming from the upper stream’s humus layer. 9.Cracking sound from the trees Landslides occurred upstream 10.Animals show strange behavior Something’s happened that people can not feel ■■■■ 11.Stream flow decreases rapidly Because the upper stream has become blocked ■■ 12.There is a “go” sound Because the debris flow occurs 13.Lightning with thunder Storm may cause debris flow 14.there is water column A few hours ago One hour ago A few minutes ago Debris flow occurs Signs of the debris flow 27

28 Step 3. Integration of information and maps
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (28) Step 3. Integration of information and maps Under the same scale principle, and based on the collected data’s attributes, such as point, line and surface, use the relevant data to overlay the map-layers in the same coordinate geographic information system. In addition, to facilitate users quickly reading the information to apply it to make decisions, highlight different needed information on the map for the different users by using different colors or lines formats.

29 Simplified evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (29) 海端鄉 加拿村 檢查哨（緊急避難處所） 加拿國小（避難處所） 月眉國小（避難處所） 圖例 避難處所 避難方向距離 直昇機起降點 道路 河流 1公里 土石流危險溪流 緊急避難處所 加南衛生室 活動中心 加拿派出所 350 300 250 400 450 檢查哨 加南 加樂 加拿國小 月眉國小 加樂橋 加鹿溪 月眉 台 11 教堂 3鄰 2鄰 往關山 往鹿野 2.2公里 關山 加鹿溪橋 Simplified evacuation map

30 Evacuation Guide 濁水溪 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools
PPT-tool (30) Evacuation Guide Evacuation directions Evacuation places Site photos The helicopter emergency relief apron 地利國小(避難所) 地利衛生室 青雲派出所 # 往日月潭 5 5 5 地 利 村 5 5 溪 4 5 5 投63 利 3鄰 4鄰 溪 地 野 地 利 國 小 鄰 五 5 4 5鄰 1鄰 2鄰 4 5 台16 地 利 橋 活 動 中 心 往丹大林道 台16 4 往水里 濁水溪 雙 龍 橋 雙 龍 吊 橋 4 往雙龍林道 圖例 避難處所 道路 河川 直昇機起降點 疏散方向 活動中心 地利門診

31 Step 4 Field checking and revision
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (31) Step 4 Field checking and revision Output the relevant data after the integration of maps and information, Invite the relevant experts, academics, and local residents to carry out a field reconnaissance. In addition, look for hazardous and safe areas in the environment through texts, photos, maps and order records. Furthermore, investigate and analyze causes for the area’s disaster vulnerability and feasible strategies for disaster prevention and reduction. Finally, integrate the field investigation results to produce a revision, by confirming the data and the map information’s correctness.

32 Evacuation map ICL Landslide Teaching Tools PPT-tool 5.886-1.1 (32) 溪
圖例 避難處所 避難方向及距離 直昇機起降點 道路 河流 力里衛生室 活動中心及集貨場(避難所) 南和國小(避難所) 力里國小圓山分校 1公里 土石流危險溪流 緊急避難處所 力 里 溪 南和活動中心 力里橋 集貨場 力里(圓山) 0.3公里 南和國小 50公尺 南和大橋 春日鄉 力里村 南和國小(直昇機起降點) 三鄰 0.1公里 二鄰 一鄰 七鄰 五鄰 六鄰 七佳 公尺 300 Evacuation map 行政院農業委員會水土保持局 國立中興大學水土保持學系 製作

33 Field checking and revision
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (33) Field checking and revision Relevant units - field checking and revision Description of checking and revision

34 Step 5. A draft for the evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (34) Step 5. A draft for the evacuation map Based on the selected data, map data integration and field checking and revision, plan an evacuation route and shelters to meet the users’ requirements, and complete a draft of the evacuation map.

35 Debris flow disaster evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (35) 災害治理單位 警消醫療單位 南投縣縣政府 　地址：南投市三和一路8號 　電話： ~9 農委會水土保持局第三工程所 　地址：南投市中山街202號 　電話： 農委會林務局南投林管處 　地址：台中市台中路289號 　電話： 經濟部水利處第四河川局 　地址：彰化縣溪州鄉中山路三段640號 　電話： ~9 交通部公路局信義公路段 　電話： 青雲派出所 　地址：南投縣信義鄉地利村開信巷14號 　電話： 地利衛生室 　地址：南投縣信義鄉地利村開信巷4號 　電話： 中國醫藥學院附設地利門診 地址：南投縣信義鄉地利村開信巷121號　電話： 地利國小(避難所) 地利衛生室 青雲派出所 # 地 利 橋 雙 龍 吊 國 小 活 動 中 心 五 鄰 野 溪 濁 水 5 4 村 往 里 往日月潭 村長聯絡電話 地利村村長：幸秋達 住址：南投縣信義鄉地利村開信巷51號　電話： 村代表：全秀香 電話： 避難處所 地利國小： 住址：南投縣信義鄉地利村開信巷17-1號　電話： 3鄰 4鄰 投63 防災用品 5鄰 防雨器具 乾糧、飲用水 貴重物品 保暖衣物 鞋子 醫藥箱 火柴、蠟燭 救生繩 通訊設備 手電筒 1鄰 2鄰 台16 往丹大林道 台16 往雙龍林道 圖例 避難處所 道路 河流 避難方向 直昇機起降點 活動中心 地利門診 Debris flow disaster evacuation map

36 For the Evacuation routes
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (36) Planning Principles For the Evacuation routes Routes should not cross dangerous streams Make the best use of existing roads Avoid dangerous road sections, or steep slope areas Avoid walking up or down along the valleys The distance between the debris flow area and the shelter shouldn’t be too far, no more than minutes walking distance. The shelter should have enough space to accommodate the daily routine life of the hazard area residents. The shelter should not be located in the possible collapse areas of the potential hazard zone The shelter should not be isolated (not easy to contact with outside) It needs a safe passage toward outside. For the shelter 36

37 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools PPT-tool 5.886-1.1 (37)
Evacuation Planning Possible shelters: Military camp Churches/temples School classrooms Community activity centers Residents’ homes 37

38 Step 6 Hold a presentation for users
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (38) Step 6 Hold a presentation for users To hold a presentation which combines planning, description and discussion by using the completed draft of the evacuation map. The map users will be invited to the presentation, which includes the people in charge of the disaster prevention work in local administrative organ County (City) and township (town, city, and district) office, the groups from the fire, police, medical, social assistance, volunteer, and residents representatives. The presentation’s purpose is to determine whether the information on the evacuation map meets the needs of the users by a two-way communication and adjustment between the users and the draft designer. In addition, the purpose is also to see whether the users can understand the meaning of the text, signs, maps, other information on the map, and the related application. If necessary, carry out a field investigation and testing, or hold the presentation several times. 38

39 Description for Evacuation planning
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (39) Evacuation advocacy Description for Evacuation planning Advocacy and Communication

40 Step 7 Conduct an evacuation exercise
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (40) Step 7 Conduct an evacuation exercise Not all the people in potential disaster areas have experienced disaster evacuation. Therefore the disaster prevention evacuation map still need to reflect the users’ real practices. Find the problems and solutions which were not taken into account in the original evacuation plan through the process of disaster scenario simulation evacuation practices. In this way, the problems and solutions found can be the reference for amending and reinforcing the map, and thus confirm the practicality of the evacuation map.

41 Evacuation practice task force
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (41) Evacuation practice task force Commander Monitor team Member 1 Member 2 Member 3 Refuge team Rescue team Aid team Support team Promote community self-disaster prevention and evacuation task forces 41

42 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools PPT-tool 5.886-1.1 (42)
The map users will be invited together to the evacaution practices, including the people in charge of the disaster prevention work in local administrative organs County (City) and township (town, city, and district) office, the groups of the fire, police, medical, social assistance, volunteer, residents representatives and students. 42

43 Step 8 Complete the review and present the evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (43) Step 8 Complete the review and present the evacuation map Invite relevant experts, academics and users to hold a review meeting to check the evacuation map’s correctness and practicality after modifying and reinforcing the data. Send the reviewed evacuation map to related disaster prevention organization offices and the people who live in the potential disaster zones. In addition, publicly announce and present the evacuation map widely through the media, such as holding an information presentation on disaster prevention and evacuation, publicly displaying the community’s important landmarks, and giving away the leaflets with disaster prevention advice. In those ways, all the people living in the potential disaster zones can obtain the information on disaster prevention, and evacuation to enhance the goal of public disaster prevention awareness. 。

44 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (44) Debris flow evacuation map

45 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (45) 花蓮縣縣政府 　地址：花蓮市府前路17號 　電話：(03) 農委會水土保持局第六工程所 　地址：花蓮市府後路26號 　電話：(03) 農委會林務局花蓮林管處 　地址：花蓮巿林政街1號 　電話：(03) 經濟部水利處第九河川局 　地址：花蓮市仁愛街19號 　電話：(03) 災害治理單位 鳳林消防隊 　地址：花蓮縣鳳林鎮信美路212號 　電話：(03) 榮民醫院： 　地址：花蓮縣鳳林鎮中正路1段2號 　電話：(03) 警消醫療單位 詹宅 管宅 江宅 沈宅 活動中心 避難處所 詹宅： 　地址：花蓮縣鳳義里鳳鳴一路39號 電話：(03) 管宅： 地址：花蓮縣鳳義里正信路169號 電話：(03) 江宅： 地址：花蓮縣鳳義里水源路78號 電話：(03) 沈宅： 地址：花蓮縣鳳義里正信路85號 電話：(03) 鳳義里里長： 　張前鎮 (03) 鳳義里里幹事： 陳錦新 (03) 里長聯絡電話 防災用品 防雨器具 乾糧、飲用水 錢 衣物 鞋子 醫藥箱 火柴、蠟燭 救生繩 收音機 手電筒 Debris flow evacuation map

46 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (46) Debris flow evacuation map

47 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (47) Debris flow evacuation map

48 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (48) Debris flow evacuation map

49 Debris flow evacuation map
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (49) Debris flow evacuation map

50 Map description and advocacy
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (50) Map description and advocacy Evacuation routes planning described by experts Invite residents to the presentation Discussion and two-way communication Invite the official administration to describe the details and focus on the outcome of planning Briefing the public on debris flows and the evacuation routes Train residents in ability to explain

51 Advertisement ICL Landslide Teaching Tools PPT-tool 5.886-1.1 (51)
Shade curtain 51

52 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (52) Fans

53 Step 9 Application and Revision reviewed
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (53) Step 9 Application and Revision reviewed In carrying out an evacuation (including disaster simulation exercises or in reality when a disaster occurs), there will be new problems caused by incorrect information on the disaster evacuation map due to changes in data on community settlement structure, personnel, topography, terrain or latent range of the hazard. Therefore, the disaster prevention evacuation map must be reviewed and revised periodically, or after the disaster has occurred. Besides, the contents may need to be adjusted due to the people’s needs. Review and assess the potential disaster areas to revise the disaster prevention evacuation map, so as to ensure the map will useful in coping with the next disaster. 53

54 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (54) Equipment and tools The equipment needed to produce an evacuation map generally consists of a global positioning system (GPS), digital cameras, topographic maps, maps, aerial photographs, satellite images, geographic information (GIS) software, plotting and publishing software and computer equipment

55 The possible application
ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　 PPT-tool (55) The possible application Production of a disaster prevention evacuation map can also be extended to other types of maps Campus disaster prevention and evacuation map Goods route map for transportation Resource maps for disaster prevention and protection Vulnerability map Secondary evacuation map Alternative road map for the disaster prevention and protection Compound disaster evacuation maps Disaster reduction strategies and disaster prevention software and hardware measures Strengthen inspection and preparation of disaster prevention commodities before the disaster occurs. Dispensation and announcement of the disaster prevention personnel and machines, providing disaster reaction and operation application for commanders or policymakers during the disaster. Providing references on recovery, reconstruction, or land-use planning for the government and local residents after the disaster occurred. 55

56 ICL Landslide Teaching Tools　
PPT-tool (56) Thank you!