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Summary : 4. Newton's Laws 摘要: 4. 牛頓定律

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Presentation on theme: "Summary : 4. Newton's Laws 摘要: 4. 牛頓定律"— Presentation transcript:

1 Summary : 4. Newton's Laws 摘要: 4. 牛頓定律

2 Newton’s 1st law of motion 牛頓第一定律
(definition of inertia frame 慣性框的定義) : inertial frame only 限慣性框用 Newton’s 2nd law of motion 牛頓第二定律 : Newton’s 3rd law 牛頓第三定律 (conservation of momentum 動量守恆) : Special Cases 特別情形 m in f = m a is the inertia mass 慣性質量. Weight = force of gravity on mass: 重量= 萬有引力加於質量的力 m is gravitational mass重力質量 Normal force n : contact force acting normal to contact surface. 正力 n: 垂直於接觸面的接觸力

3 The Fundamental Forces 基本力
Gravity: large scale phenomena 重力: 大範圍現象 Electroweak force 電弱力 Electromagnetic force: everyday phenomena 電磁力:日常現象 Weak (nuclear) force 弱(核)力 Strong (nuclear) force 強(核)力 1025 1036 電磁 1 1038 重力 電弱 大統力 一切的理論

4 Free Body (Force) Diagram 自由體(力)圖
Keep only features relevant to the dynamics. 祇保留與動力有關的東西 Replace all objects by points upon which forces act. 把所有物件都以其力的作用點代替 Represent all forces by vectors. 所有的力都用向量表示

5 Identify all forces on object
找出作用在物體上所有的力 2. Skier reduces to dot 滑雪人簡化成點 Force from ground n 由地來的力 Draw forces as vectors on dot 把力畫成點上的向量 n Gravity Fg 重力 Fg Free-body diagram 自由體圖

6 Example 4.4. Pushing Books 推書本
2 books lie on frictionless horizontal surface. 兩本書放在一片無摩擦力的水平面上。 You push with force F on book of mass m1 , 你用 F 力推質量為 m1 的書; which in turn pushes on book of mass m2. 它再推往質量為 m2 的書。 What force does the 2nd book exert on the 1st ? 第二本書加於第一本書的力為何? Acceleration of books : 書本的(共同)加速度: Net force on 2nd book : 第二本書受到的淨力 : Force exerted by 2nd book on the 1st 第二本書加於第一本書的力

7 Normal force n : contact force acting normal to contact surface.
Not a 3rd law pair 不是第三定律的成對力 Normal force 正力 Fnet  0 3rd law also applies to non-contact forces such as gravity. 第三定律亦適用於非接觸力,例如重力。

8 Example Elevator 電梯 A 740 kg elevator accelerates upward at 1.1 m/s2. 一部 740 kg 電梯往上以 1.1 m/s2 加速。 Find the tension force on the cable (of negligible mass). 求繩纜 (質量可忽略 ) 的張力。

9 GOT IT 懂嗎 ? 4.4. How’s T compared to w = m g if the elevator
電梯在下列情況時,T 與 w = m g 比較是 moves upward starting at rest. 從靜止往上升。 decelerates to stop while moving upward. 上升時減速至停。 starts moving downward, accelerating from rest. 從靜止加速往下。 slows to stop while moving downward. 往下時減速至停。 moves upward with constant speed. 以等速往上。 greater 較大 less 較小 less 較小 greater 較大 equal 相等 a > 0 going up & accel 往上且加速


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