高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 主讲 : 齐平昌. 高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 1. 了解 NMET 书面表达的答题要求 2. 解读 NMET 书面表达高频考点 3. NMET 书面表达解题策略 4. 好文章赏析及作用 An Example of Good Writing 5. 了解一点英语修辞 6.

Presentation on theme: "高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 主讲 : 齐平昌. 高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 1. 了解 NMET 书面表达的答题要求 2. 解读 NMET 书面表达高频考点 3. NMET 书面表达解题策略 4. 好文章赏析及作用 An Example of Good Writing 5. 了解一点英语修辞 6."— Presentation transcript:

1 高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 主讲 : 齐平昌

2 高分 NMET 书面表达技巧 1. 了解 NMET 书面表达的答题要求 2. 解读 NMET 书面表达高频考点 3. NMET 书面表达解题策略 4. 好文章赏析及作用 An Example of Good Writing 5. 了解一点英语修辞 6. NMET 书面表达写作过程演示

3 了解 NMET 书面表达的答题要求 按 5 个档次给分, 写一篇 100 个单词左右的书面 材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内 容等 ; 提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短 文等。书面表达的要求是 : 1. 覆盖所有的语言要点。 内容要点可用不同方 式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。 2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得 意的是 语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致 ; 具有较强的语言运用能力。 点评 : 此点极为重要, 现举实例如下, [] 部分为核 心部分 :

4 ① I [was walking] along Park Road towards the east [when] an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. 句式 : be doing something when... 正在做某事就在这时... ② The car didn't stop but [drove off] at great speed [heading west]. 表达法 : drive off heading west 高速向西开去 ③ On the other side, [where the playground used to be] ， now [stands another new building -- our library].

5 → 该句含一个由 where 引导的非限定性的定语从 句, 在此处插入, 令人感到自然、 得体, 其中还 使用了表达法 `used to be', 准确、地道。该句的 后半部由一个倒装句组成, 在对主语作进一步说 明时, 使用了破折号, 语言既利落, 结构又紧凑。 ④ After a short rest, we [had great fun singing] and dancing, telling jokes or stories. 句式 : have fun (in) doing something ⑤ The time passed quickly. [Before] we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers. → 使用 before 译成 :" 还未来得及..., 就 " 。

6 ⑥ My brother was riding [with] me sitting on the seat [behind]. → 该句使用 with 结构, 其结构为 [with + 宾语 + 宾 语补足语 ] 。 该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外, behind 一词用作 seat 定语的用法也十分轻巧。 ⑦ There is [sure] to be a lot of fun. → 在 There is 句式中加入 be sure to 等表达是十 分有用的写作技巧, 又如 : There happened to be... There seems to be... 3. 上下文的连贯性, 即有效地使用语句间的连接 成分, 全文结构紧凑。 4. 语言的得体性

7 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方 面, 对交际程度有一定的影响, 应予以考 虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6. 书写较差, 以至影响交际, 将分数降低一 个档次。 7. 答题的参考时间为 25 分钟。

8 注意语言评价能力的培养与运用 考生在完成 NMET 书面表达的过程时, 应当 有一整套那怕是初步的写作微技能的 有效支持。其中最重要的是能够依靠良好的语 言评价能力的有效支持。语言评价 能力也称 ` 编校能力 ', 是指考生写作时, 同时评 价自己的能力。评价大致包括 (1) 审题、审图是否准确 ; 写作要点是否完整 (2) 布局谋篇是否合理 ; 文章层次是否清晰 (3) 句式是否丰富 ; 组句是否正确 (4) 行文是否连贯 ; 细节是否严谨 (5) 表达是否清楚 ; 措辞是否得体

9 解读 NMET 书面表达高频考点 1. 都具备 Who( 主体 ), What( 内容 ), Where( 地点 ), When( 时间 ), Why( 原因 ) 构成 NMET 书面表达 内容的 5 大要素。 2. 不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命 题, 题材均为考生所熟悉。 3. 都具备 6 个左右的描述要点。 4. 都要求行文的连贯与流畅, 由此带来的是作 状语用的副词 ( 尤其是时间副词 ) 、副词短语 或副词从句提至句首。

10 NMET 书面表达解题策略 I. 符合书面表达写作要求的具体作法 1. 认真审图, 确认全部信息, 应包括 : ① 图中的环境条件 ② 人物位置 ③ 人物活 动 ④ 人物表情 ⑤ 空间结构 ⑥ 图中全部 附加文字 ( 英文和汉语 ) 2. 开门见山 (Today we visited a farm.), 为该题型 写作的典型特点。 3. 大约用 10 个句子组成文章, 为该题型写作的另 一特点。

11 II. 要有连贯性要素 1. 并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己 去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系, 根据两部 分的思想内容去推论, 从而达到思想表达生动、 有力和鲜明的修辞效果。 ① We were leaving the farm, and every farm worker seemed sorry. ② It is true he is young, but / and yet he is really good at go. →It is true... but... = It is true...and yet... =Indeed... but =Indeed... and yet ( 的确..., 然 而...)

12 2. 并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或 对立的相关的思想联系在一起, 构成一比较完整 的思想, 因而它比两个或几个孤立的简单句的思 想内容要丰富得多, 逻辑关系要清楚得多。 恰如其份地使用连词 and 容易收到流畅的效果。 连词 and 可以交代连接的 双方的相互关系, 如并列 关系、先后关系、因果关系等。 (1) and 表因果关系 ① The teacher came, and class began. ② Tom is very tired, and really he should go to bed.

13 (2) 连词 and 表先后关系 Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. →and 连接的双方为 met 和 went, 既交代了 两个动作的先后顺序, 又避免了不必要的赘 述。

14 3. 两个以上的简单句合并成一个并列句 ① Tom is ill. He cannot study. He still attends school. →Tom is ill and cannot study, yet he still attends school. ② He saw the boy in the street. He stopped to speak to him. He gave him a penny. →Seeing the boy in the street, he stopped to speak to him and gave him a penny.

15 III. 汉语中的逗号与在英语中的作用并 非一致 英语中句与句之间的联系绝不依靠逗号, 而是 借助连接词。缺少连接词, 句与句之间也就不存在 其合理性。 ① 老师问了我一个问题, 我不会回答。 Wrong: The teacher asked me a question, I couldn't answer it. Right: The teacher asked me a question, and/but I couldn't answer it. ② 我没出去, 而是呆在家里看书。 I didn't go out; instead, I stayed home and read. ③ 我们捡柴火, 他们搭帐篷。 We gathered the wood and they set up the tent.

16 IV. 使用好过渡性词语 过渡性词语是把在意义上相连贯的句子联接在 一起的链条, 指出作者思维活动发展的方向。 1. First, Next, Then, Finally... 2. thus, therefore, however, in fact, on the contrary, besides, instead of 3. first, second, and, but, for, or 4. what‘s more, as a result, what is better still, so far as I know ( 据我所知 ) 例： He is handsome, clever, and what is better still, very diligent.

17 V. 了解叙述与叙述文特点 1. 叙述是把人物的经历和事物的发展变化 的过程用语言表达出来的一种写作方式。 2. 叙述文一般都是按时间顺序的方法铺 陈, 通过动词和过渡性词语来控制整个事 件的进程。 It grew dark before seven o'clock. Wind and rain now whipped the house. John sent his son and daughter upstairs.

18 3. 句与句之间连接与自然过渡借助作状语用的 时间副词、时间副词短语以及时间副词从句提至 句首, 使得上句的尾部与下句的首部相互呼应, 以 收到 连贯的效果。以 NMET98 书面表达为例 : 第 1 句 Today we visited... 第 2 句 Early in the morning... 第 4 句 Then the head... 第 6 句 At noon we... 第 7 句 After a short rest... 第 8 句 Before we knew...

19 VI. 使用丰富而且有把握的句式 ( 以 NMET98 书面表达为例 ) 1. give sb a warm welcome 2. show sb around 3. How glad sb was to do sth! 4. have fun (in) doing sth 5. say goodbye to sb VII. 留意使用名词修饰名词的方法 1. a school gate ( 校门 ) 2. a farm worker ( 农工 )

20 了解一点英语修辞 1. 词语的声音要和谐 。 避免过多的单音节词或同一音组连在一起, 如 : One day a boy came to me and said 2. 用插入成分代替从句 : Mrs Baynes, Bosinney's aunt (Louisa was her name), was in her kitchen when Jane was announced to come. 3. 激问 心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。激问即寓 答于问的设问, 目地在于加重语气, 表达激动的感 情。激问寓答于问, 有时甚至可以不用疑问号, 而 用感叹号。

21 ① Who should come in but the man we were talking of? =Only the man we were talking of came in. ② Who would do such a thing but a fool? ③ Who says we are alone in solving the problem of air pollution?

22 NMET 书面表达写作过程演示 【以图为例】 Step 1: 初步构思 → 进行第 1 图与其他图相互关 系的比较, 包括地点、人物等要素, 充分利用图 片所给的主要信息 : 文字、地点与地点、地点 与人物、人物与人物, 抑或其他之间的相互关 系。 Step 2: 安排语篇逻辑次序 → 起草语篇 → 确 定事件的时间特征 ( 已知或未知 ) → 确定时态 → 注意语言形式和句型的选择 → 进行文字校 验 → 考虑措辞 Step 3: 用铅笔打格, 在审题时做标识 ( 确定时态、 句式 → 尽量用不同的句式、时间状语的位置 → 表目的的状语用不定式, 时间状语适度提前、 多用连词 and 、多用贴切的表达法,

23 Step 4: 提笔落字 : i. 开门见山, 3 段式, 结尾以抒发内心活动 为特征。 ii. 字迹干净、 利落、行文流畅。 iii. 适时、适当表现情感因素, 为此, 要准备 表现情感因素的句式 : (1) How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. (2) We had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. (3) The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers. (4) This made us puzzled. (5) Hope you don't have to wait as long as we did. Good luck.

24 Step 5: 诵读两遍 : 检查冠词、标点 ( 中文的 逗号不是英文的逗号 → 英文句与句的连 接用连词 ) 。

25 英语逗号用法与提升英语作文品质 --NMET 考生容易忽视或误用的英语写作常识 Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums,

26 and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things. Best wishes, Li Hua 其中含逗号用法的情形 : (1) Dear Dick, (2) In short, (3) I don't know about others, but... (4) I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking...

27 (5) What's more, (6) As far as I know, (7) Best wishes, 启示与结论 : 凡逗号出现的场合和时机无不体现英语的使 用习惯或固定的表达方式, 也与 " 为尽力使用较 复杂结构或较高级词汇, 具有较强的语言运用能 力 ", 以及实现 " 上下文的连贯性, 即有效地使用 语句间的连接成分, 全文结构紧凑, 语言的得体 性 " 这些重要的考试要求相关。以逗号为主线, 研读流畅、精采表达的各种方式, 有可能使得写 作快速步上新的台阶, 从而收到事半功倍的效果。

28 【要点 1 】插入语前后须用逗号隔开 He is, I should think, above fifty. 他看上去不止 五十岁。 I loved all around me, I believe, for everybody was kind to me. 我爱我周围的人，因为大家都对我很好。 So far as I know, an art exhibition will be held next month. 据我所知, 下个月将有一个艺术展。 He is handsome, clever, and what is better still, very diligent. 他英俊、聪明, 更棒的是还相当勤奋。 I didn't go out; instead, I stayed home and read. 我没出去, 而是呆在家里看书。

29 【要点 2 】副词从句和逗号 (1) 句首的副词从句用逗号隔开。 If it rains tomorrow, I will not go. 明天下雨的话，我就不去了。 When they met, they used to nod to each other. 他们见面时, 会互相点头。 (2) 副词从句出现在主句之后, 一般不用逗号，但附 加的语意强时，就用逗号。 He is loved by all, because he is honest. 他人很诚恳，受到大家的爱戴。 He works hard, so that he may pass. 他很用功，想必能考及格。 (3) 短的住所、时间副词从句可不用逗号。 When it rains he stays at home 下雨时他待在家里。 When passing (=When he was passing) he looked in. 他 路过时顺便进来坐了一会儿。

30 插入语 a. It is, after all, due to his negligence. ( 毕竟这是由于他的疏忽。 ) b. She is, as I have told you before, very fond of collecting stamps. ( 你像我以前告诉你的，她很喜欢集邮。 ) c. I am, therefore, very careful when crossing the road. ( 因此过马路时我非常小心。 ) d. They (Mr. and Mrs. White) will be here in Beijing the day after tomorrow. 〔他们 ( 怀特先生和太太 ) 后天就要到达北 京。〕

31 e. He is, to be exact, sixteen years old, and is not old enough to join the army. ( 确切地说，他才十六岁，还没达到参 军的年龄。 ) f. The man, it seems, entered the house by the window.

32 An Example of Good Writing （好文章赏析） A letter with American stamps came to the house and it announced the arrival of my uncle. I didn’t know I had an uncle. When Father and Uncle were young, they were always together and were one another’s best friend. When it came time to get married, Uncle refused. He had the ambition of leaving China and going to America. Father disagreed with this and one night, Uncle was gone. Everyone asked where he went and six years later, the answer came in a letter. He had become an American. My father was very angry. He believed Uncle betrayed( 背叛 ) the ancient tradition of staying home and taking care of the old.

33 Altogether it had been 25 years since Uncle left. Although it has been so long, the amount of anger Father had only grew. Among the family, only Father refused to see him. Father said aloud “Only Animals leave their family!” According to the letter, Uncle was already in China and he also brought his family and children along with him. I was worried Father would not see him. When I was walking along the street with Mother, I asked her what would happen if Father did not see Uncle. She answered, “Don’t worry about that. Your father tries to hide it but he is the most anxious of us all to see your uncle.

34 评述：文章生动活泼、自然流畅 ; 句型 多样, 长短相间, 错落有致。文章有连贯 性、一致性要素。连词 and 的使用，以及； 句子开头多使用时间副词、短语或从句， 以及连接性词语，使文章一气呵成. 此 外, 由无生命的物作主语使得文章的英文 味儿十足.

35 Dear Bob, I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September. I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d like it? If not, I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know. Yours, Li Hua

36 NMET 写作新概念 以有形或无形的三段式写作 以时间为主线指示事件的发展方向 以实义动词顺序描述事件的发展进程 用尽可能多样的句式丰富文章的表现力 用插入语以及后位补述的手段展示文字 实力 以情感类文字烘托文章高潮并产生互动

37 It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.