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Lesson 23 ship repair contract

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Presentation on theme: "Lesson 23 ship repair contract"— Presentation transcript:

1 Lesson 23 ship repair contract

2 contents Terminology Liability and insurance Owner’s representative
Repair period Itemised costs Statutory rules and regulations

3 Language features of contract English
1.与 基础英语相比,作为专业性极强的语言,英文合同的用语不同于日常语言,具有显著的特点。首先,句子冗长而且复杂、似乎总也找不到句号,用词偏僻,晦涩难 读,不易理解。其次,英文合同中往往沿用拉丁语,法律术语,跟中文的文言文似的,着实是佶屈聱牙,令人痛苦不堪。再次,由于属于专业英语的范畴,英语合同 必然涉及法律方面理解,阅读者除了语言本身的能力外,对于法律也应具备一定的素质。这是所有专业英语的共性,就是需相应的专业知识 .

4 2.一份完整的英文合同通常可以分为标题(Title)、前言(Preamble)、正文(Habendum)、附录(Schedule)及证明部分即结尾词(Attestation)五大部分。「标题」在开宗明义地显示合同的性质;「前言」是用最简单的说明,大略介绍合同订立的背景;「正文」里包括依各种合同性质的不同而约定的具体条款,包括不论何种类型合同都会出现的一般条款;[附录]构成对前述合同正文条款作必要的补充。(不是所有合同都有该部分)最后「结尾」则是当事人签名前的一段文字,为整份合同画上完满的句号。

5 3. Lexical features of contract english
1) 正式词语的使用 商务合同英语要对交易各方的权利、义务、行 为准则的准确涵义和范围进行直接而明确的规 定,其措词必须严谨、精确、正式,并不带个人感 情色彩,因此正式词语在合同英语中使用程度高。 例如:表达“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of”,远多 于“due to”,一般不用“because of”

6 2) 大量使用专业术语 专业术语意义单一,无歧义,对交易环节的描述精确,因此被大量使用。例如:“赔偿”用“in—demnities”,而不用“compensation”;“不动产转让”用“conveyance”,而不用“transferof reales—tate”;“房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“财产出租”用“lease of property”;“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease”(名词是cessation)a business”,而不用“end/stop abusiness”。

7 3) 古体词的使用 商务合同中频繁使用古体词以体现其庄重特色并减少不必要的重复,使意义清楚,简明的目的。这些词主要是一些复合的副词,商务合同英语中最常使用的古体词多为一些复合副词,即由here,there和where分别加上after,at,by,from,in,of,tO,under,upon,with等一个或几个介词共同构成的复合副词,如herewith(与此一道),therein(在其中),thereinafter(在下文中),thereof(其),thereto(附随),whereas(鉴于)等等。

8 4. Syntactic features of contract english
1) 长句的使用 合同中的句子与普通英语相比而言,句子结构、长度和使用从句的连贯性要复杂的多。商务合同文体中的完整长句的使用可以准确界定合同当事人的有关权利和义务,排除被曲解、误解、产生歧义的可能性。句子的状语和定语从句等附加成分非常多,而且常常位于明显的位置,对主句意义进行解释、限定或修饰。

9 2) 否定前置与倒装 英语中处理否定的方式一般有两种:一是否定词放在情态动词或助动词后,行为动词前,构成正常的陈述语序;二是否定词放在句首,然后情态动词或助动词与主语位置调换,构成倒装语序。英文合同中含否定意义的句子往往采用后者。

10 3) 陈述句 现在时和被动语态的使用。合同是在多轮谈判达成一致协议后才签订的法律文件,其中明确规定签约双方的权利和义务,而不是提出问题或进行磋商,因而合同英语的基本句式是陈述结构,而没有疑问句和感叹句,也没有使用一般的修辞手法。因为合同是具有法律效力的文书,合同条款中规定的是双方的权利和义务,这些权利和义务具有一定的通用性,大多成为相关方面的国际惯例,因此,合同语句经常采用现在时。当不强调动作执行者,或出于体谅和礼貌时常采用被动语态,包括用在shall和must等情态动词之后的被动语态。

11 Focus 1: as The term “OWNER” as specified in the tender conditions will be represented by YUYUAN Shipping Ltd. as managers on behalf of the Owners listed under the vessel particulars. The term “SHIP” or “VESSEL” is the company asset as delivered to the contractor and includes parts of the vessel as may be removed ashore for the purpose of storage, repairs, overhaul, reconditioning or modification.

12 Focus 2: lengthy sentence
Without limiting, by the provisions hereof, any liability of the Contractor as to amount, howsoever arising, it is understood that from the delivery of the Ship to the Contractor until redelivery to the Owner upon satisfactory completion of the work, or while the work specified is being performed, the Contractor shall be responsible for, and make good at the Contractor’s expense, any and all losses, accidents, injuries and/or damage of any nature to the ship and/or the ship’s equipment and/or its cargo and/or its moveable stores occurring through any act of default or neglect of the Contractor and/or any of the Contractor’s agents or employees and/or which by the exercise or reasonable care could have been prevented.

13 assignment Have a deep idea of what is special about contract english
Learn to write and translate contract english properly.


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