肌学(二) 兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖教研室 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

第五节 上肢肌 第六节 下肢肌 第七节 体表的肌性标志 January 07 第五节 上肢肌 第六节 下肢肌 第七节 体表的肌性标志 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢肌 一、上肢带肌 二、臂肌 三、前臂肌 四、手肌 五、上肢的局部记载 六、上肢筋膜 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢带肌 上肢带肌 配布于肩关节周围，均起自上肢带骨，止于肱骨，能运动肩关节并能增强关节的稳固性。 三角肌 冈上肌 冈下肌 小圆肌 大圆肌 肩关节屈和旋内（前部肌束）肩关节伸和旋外（后部肌束） 三角肌 上肢带肌 冈上肌 肩关节外展 冈下肌 肩关节旋外 小圆肌 大圆肌 肩关节内收、旋内 肩胛下肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢带肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

臂肌 覆盖肱骨，以内侧和外侧两个肌间隔分割成前后两群，前群为屈肌，后群为伸肌。 肱二头肌 前群 喙肱肌 肱肌 后群 肱三头肌 长头 短头 屈肘关节、前臂旋后 肱二头肌 肩关节屈、内收 前群 喙肱肌 肱肌 屈肘关节 长头 内侧头 外侧头 伸肘关节，长头可使肩关节后伸及内收 后群 肱三头肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

臂肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌 位于尺、桡骨周围，分为前、后肌群，主要运动腕关节、指骨间关节。 前群共9块肌，分为四层： 第一层 （5块） 第二层 （1块） 第三层 （2块） 第四层 （1块） 肱桡肌 旋前圆肌 桡侧腕屈肌 掌长肌 尺侧腕屈肌 指浅屈肌 指深屈肌 拇长屈肌 旋前方肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌—前面观 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌 浅层 深层 后群共10块肌 旋后肌 桡侧腕长伸肌 桡侧腕短伸肌 拇长展肌 拇短伸肌 指伸肌 小指伸肌 拇长伸肌 示指伸肌 尺侧腕伸肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

前臂肌 后群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手 肌 手的固有肌位于手的掌侧，全是短小的肌肉，作用为运动手指。手肌分为三群： 外侧群 中间群 ﹠ 内侧群 ﹠ ﹠ 拇短展肌 拇短屈肌 拇对掌肌 拇收肌 ﹠ 蚓状肌 骨间掌侧肌 ﹠ 骨间背侧肌 小指展肌 小指短屈肌 小指对掌肌 ﹠ January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手 肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手 肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手 肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

手 肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢的局部记载 （一）腋窝 （二）三角胸肌间沟 （三）三边孔和四边孔 （四）肘窝 （五）腕管 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

上肢筋膜 肩胛筋膜 三角肌筋膜 臂筋膜 前臂筋膜 手筋膜 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢肌 一、髋肌 二、大腿肌 三、小腿肌 四、足肌 五、下肢的局部记载 六、下肢筋膜 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋 肌 前群 又叫盆带肌，主要起自骨盆的内面和外面，跨过髋关节，止于股骨上部，主要用髋关节。 分为前、后两群： 腰大肌 髂腰肌 使髋关节屈和旋外，仰卧起坐 髂 肌 前群 阔筋膜张肌 紧张阔筋膜并屈髋关节 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋 肌 后群肌主要位于臀部，故又称臀肌。 后群 髋关节伸及旋外 臀大肌 臀中肌 臀小肌 梨状肌 髋关节外展、旋外 闭孔内肌 股方肌 旋内（前部肌束） 旋外（后部肌束） 臀小肌 后群 梨状肌 髋关节外展、旋外 闭孔内肌 股方肌 髋关节旋外 闭孔外肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋肌 后面观 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

髋 肌 梨状肌和闭孔内肌、闭孔外肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

大腿肌 大腿肌 耻骨肌 缝匠肌 长收肌 前 群 股薄肌 股四头肌 短收肌 大收肌 股二头肌 半腱肌 半膜肌 内侧群 后群 屈髋关节、伸膝关节 屈髋关节、屈膝关节，使已屈的膝关节旋内 前 群 股四头肌 屈髋关节、伸膝关节 耻骨肌 长收肌 股薄肌 短收肌 大收肌 大腿肌 内侧群 髋关节内收 股二头肌 半腱肌 半膜肌 后群 伸髋关节、屈膝关节 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

大腿肌前群及内侧群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

大腿肌前群及内侧群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

后群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

后群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌 小腿肌可分为三个群：前群、后群和外侧群，其中，后群强大。 伸踝关节、足内翻 前群 伸2-5趾、足背屈 伸踝关节、伸 趾 外侧群 胫骨前肌 趾长伸肌 　长伸肌 前群 伸2-5趾、足背屈 伸踝关节、伸　趾 腓骨长肌 腓骨短肌 外侧群 屈踝关节、足外翻 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌—前、外侧群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌—后群 屈膝关节、屈踝关节 屈膝、小腿旋内 后群 屈踝关节、屈第2-5趾 屈 趾、屈踝关节 屈踝关节、足内翻 腓肠肌 比目鱼肌 腘肌 趾长屈肌 　长屈肌 胫骨后肌 屈膝、小腿旋内 后群 屈踝关节、屈第2-5趾 屈　趾、屈踝关节 屈踝关节、足内翻 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

小腿肌—后群 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

足 肌 足肌分为足背肌和足底肌。 足背肌：趾短伸肌、 短伸肌 足底肌：分为内侧群、外侧群和中间群，其作用为维持足弓。 足背肌：趾短伸肌、　短伸肌 足底肌：分为内侧群、外侧群和中间群，其作用为维持足弓。 内侧群：　展肌拇、短屈肌、　收肌 外侧群：小趾展肌、小趾短屈肌 中间群：趾短屈肌、足底方肌、4条蚓状肌、3块骨 间足底肌、4块骨间背侧肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

足 肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢的局部记载 梨状肌上孔与梨状肌下孔 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢的局部记载 血管腔隙和肌腔隙 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢的局部记载 股 三 角 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢的局部记载 收 肌 管 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

下肢筋膜 阔筋膜 —— 髂胫束 臀筋膜 小腿深筋膜 筛筋膜 支持带 屈肌支持带 腓骨肌上支持带 腓骨肌下支持带 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

体表的肌性标志 头颈部 躯干部 上肢 下肢 咬肌、颞肌、胸锁乳突肌 斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、 胸大肌 、前锯肌、腹直肌 三角肌、肱二头肌 、肱三头肌 、 肱桡肌 、掌长肌、桡侧腕屈肌、 尺侧腕屈肌 、鼻烟窝 、指伸肌腱 下肢 股四头肌 、臀大肌 、股二头肌 、 半腱肌、半膜肌、　长伸肌、 胫骨前肌、趾长伸肌、小腿三头肌 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song

思考题 桡尺近、远侧关节组成与分类，可做哪些运动，各有哪些肌肉参与？ 分析腹股沟管的两口和四壁与腹外侧三层扁肌的形成关系 January 07 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All rights reserved by Prof.YP Hou and YF Song