Biometric Authentication 林維暘 中正大學 資訊工程學系 九十五學年度 第二學期

Biometric Authentication Agenda Overview Biometric passport Europe United States Taiwan Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Introduction Biometric authentication Methods of verifying the identity of a person on the basis of some physiological or behavioral characteristics Biometric systems identify a person by inborn features that are difficult for a different to reproduce. Biometric Authentication

Opportunities of Biometric Technologies Cheap and reliable biometric systems are still a long way off. Because of the increasing demand for reliable security system, more and more efforts has been placed on the biometric research. Biometric Authentication

Special issues on biometrics technologies IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics – Part B IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security special issue on Human Detection and Recognition EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Methods Behavioral-based methods Verify a person’s identity by means of behavioral patterns, such as signature, keyboard typing, and voice. Physiological-based methods Verify a person’s identity by means of physiological characteristics, such as fingerprint, iris, palm geometry, DNA, and face. Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Automated biometrics Physiological Behavioral Face Fingerprint Palm Iris / retina DNA Signature Voice Keystroke Page 3 Figure 1.1 Different types of biometric ID models. Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication 傳統辨識個人身分常使用密碼、簽名、身分證、印章等，但簽名和印章容易仿冒，密碼會被駭客盜用。 在九一一恐怖攻擊之後，機場安全問題浮現，世界各界尋求迅速便利辨 識身分的要求下，以人體為主的生物特徵科技應運而生，例如指紋、虹膜、臉型及ＤＮＡ等。 Biometric Authentication

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System IAFIS A national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI. Responses to criminal ten-print fingerprint submissions within two hours. From http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cjisd/iafis.htm Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication US-VISIT What is it? United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology. U.S. immigration and border management system, which has the ability to verify that travelers are who they say they are. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-VISIT Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication US-VISIT Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Agenda Overview Biometric passport Europe United States Taiwan Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Biometric Passport A biometric passport is a combined paper and electronic identity document that uses biometrics to authenticate the citizenship of travelers. The passport's critical information is stored on a tiny RFID computer chip, much like information stored on smartcards. Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Biometric Passport Symbol for biometric passports, usually printed on the cover of the passports. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometric_passport Biometric Authentication

European Biometric Passports The European version of the passport is planned to have digital imaging and fingerprint scan biometrics placed on the contactless chip. Currently, the British biometric passport only uses a digital image and not fingerprinting. Biometric Authentication

The contactless chip on the British National Passport Biometric Authentication

European Biometric Passports Austria (available from 16 June 2006) Belgium (introduced in October 2004) Denmark (available from 1 August 2006) Finland (available since 21 August 2006) France (available since April 2006) Germany (available since November 2005) Greece (available since 26 August 2006) Hungary (available since 29 August 2006) Iceland (available from 23 May 2006) Ireland (available since 16 October 2006) Italy (available after 26 October 2006) Lithuania (available since 28 August 2006) Netherlands (introduction before 28 Aug. 2006) Poland (available since 28 August 2006) Portugal (available since 2006 July 31 - special passport; 2006 August 28 ordinary passport) Slovenia (available since 28 August 2006) Spain (available since 28 August 2006) Sweden (available since October 2005) UK (compulsory for UK citizens applying to the British Embassy in France from 21 April 2006) Biometric Authentication

United States Biometric Passports The U.S. version of the biometric passport will only have digital imaging placed onto the contactless chip. However, the chip will be large enough (64 kilobytes) to allow it to contain additional biometric identifiers should the need arise in the future. Biometric Authentication

Taiwan Biometric Passports 電子生物護照 晶片錄存特徵 所謂「電子生物護照」，即在新護照裝置一小片「無線射頻識別系統（ＲＦＩＤ）」的晶片，晶片中儲存護照持有人的姓名、國籍、姓名、出生日期、出生地等資訊，以及個人生物特徵（如指紋、臉型、虹膜等）。 目前外交部年底將測試的規畫，將ＲＦＩＤ的晶片放在護照的最後一頁。當護照持有人通關之時，護照第一頁給查驗員人工辨識，而放在護照封底的晶片，因植入個人基本資料與生物特徵，可透過網路傳送輸入機場電腦，所有個人資料一覽無遺，可在數秒內辨識是否本人。 中國時報    2007/01/15 Biometric Authentication

Taiwan Biometric Passports 生物辨識科技比一比 臉部掃瞄最普遍 虹膜辨識準 我國移民署即將使用的「臉部辨識生物技術」，其原理是把人類眼 球、鼻子、嘴型等臉孔特徵點之間，找出三度空間的對應關係。 移民署要使用的另一個「虹膜掃瞄辨識系統」，就需要使用高級攝 影設備來擷取虹膜的影像，辨識度比較高，但價格是所有辨識科技中 最昂貴的，操作也非常複雜。 中國時報    2007/01/01 Biometric Authentication

Taiwan Biometric Passports 陸客入境臉部辨識 境管局：不涉人權 ‧ 境管局副局長吳學燕下午對中國時報報導內容，召開臨時記者會提出說明。他指出，這套預定今年七月一日起在國境線上展開運作的生物辨識系統（Biometrics），是由德國廠商研發，辨識率可達九成七，包括二十二部查驗機，連同資料庫，整套系統造價新台幣二千七百萬元。 吳學燕指出，依「國際民航組織」（ICAO）設定生物辨識系統建置標準，雖然還有「虹膜」，但移民署未來規劃的系統並未採行這項標準。且這套系統不像指紋、DNA 有涉及人權爭議的問題，未來將架設在查驗台後方，時間只要三秒，並不影響正常通關程序；一旦發現非法入境，經進一步查驗後立即原機遣返。 中央社／台北一日電2007/01/01 Biometric Authentication

Taiwan Biometric Passports 移民署新措施 入境三合一查驗 大陸客來台 通關辨臉伺候 據了解，移民署除了向廠商承購「指紋、臉型、虹膜」三合一電腦 的硬體和軟體設備，另有資訊工業策進會從旁協助進行電腦化的工作 。 移民署指出，建置生物辨識電腦系統的目標，主要有二：首先，透 過自動化臉部生物特徵辨識技術，執行入出境查驗工作，可有效查察利用改名、假冒身分、偷渡、非法打工、逾期停留及政治滲透等不法情事。 　　其次，為使臉型影像檔案可與國內外相關單位進行「情資交換」， 移民署將此案資料庫檔案，採取以國際通用的檔案格式建檔儲存，並進行轉檔交換，與移民署現行的境管系統整合。 中國時報    2007/01/01 Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Iris Recognition Iris recognition uses IR illumination to reduce specular reflection from the convex cornea to create images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris. Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Iris Scanner Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication Iris Scanner LG IrisAccess 3000 The most deployed camera, with more than 1,000 installations. Auto-focus, auto-zoom, voice interface, and 16 anti-spoofing countermeasures (liveness detection). Biometric Authentication

Iris Recognition System Frequent Flyers at Schiphol Airport (NL) may enroll in the "Privium" programme, enabling them to enter The Netherlands without passport presentation. They are recognized by an iris camera, avoiding lines and delays at Immigration Control. Biometric Authentication

United Arab Emirates Deployment of Iris Recognition United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Interior has used iris recognition of foreigners entering the UAE at 35 air, land, and sea ports. Via internet links each traveler is compared against about a million IrisCodes on a watch-list Biometric Authentication

Identify the Afghan girl, 18 years later. Biometric Authentication

Biometric Authentication 3D Face Recognition Three-dimensional (3D) face recognition is an emerging modality, trying to use 3D geometry of the face for accurate identification of the subject. Biometric Authentication