Specialized English for Automobile Unit one Automobile Structure

Contents I.Pre-questions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises

 Types of Modern Automobiles  1 ） cars  2 ） passenger cars  3 ） trucks  4 ） tractors and vehicle combination  5 ） special type vehicle  6 ） Self-dumping car  7 ） farm vehicle  8) off-road vehicle I.Pre-questions

Special vehicle car Tractor Truck Passenger Cars

2 、 with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving type diagram front engine 、 front-wheel drive front engine 、 rear-wheel drive Rear engine 、 rear-wheel drive I.Pre-questions

 Do you know who built the first car in the world and when?  Karl Benz  In 1886 I.Pre-questions

 How many main parts does the automobile consist of? 1-engine 2-chassis 3-body 4--electrical system I.Pre-questions

 Which is called the “ heart” of automobile?  An engine that is used to supply power for an automobile  What is the chassis composed of?  driving system, running gear, steering system and brake system. I.Pre-questions

Driving system Brake system Steering system running gear I. Pre-questions

 What is the electrical system composed of?  The electric system includes the battery, generator, starting system, ignition system, lighting system, horn system, radio and other devices. I. Pre-questions

 What are the functions of the four systems?  Driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels.  Suspension system’s function is to increase strength and durability of components and to meet customers’ requirements for riding comfort and driving safety.  Steering system is used to control the driving direction of an automobile.  Brake system is used to retard the motion of the vehicle. I.Pre-questions

 In other words, any automobile is composed of the sections such as engine, chassis, body and electric system.  In other words 换句话说  be composed of 由 …. 组成  译文：换句话说，任何一辆汽车都是由发动机、 底盘、车身和电器设备组成的。 II. Text Explanation

 In other words  In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。  In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义。  be composed of  Navy must be composed of surface ship unit and submarine unit.  海军一定是由水面舰艇部队和潜艇部队组成。 II. Text Explanation

 The internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.  The internal combustion engine 内燃机  Convert …..into….. 使转变, 转换...  Propel vt. 推进, 驱使  译文：内燃机在汽缸内燃烧燃料，然后把燃烧或者 “ 爆炸 ” 所产生的膨胀力变成旋转力，用以推动车辆 前进。 II. Text Explanation

 Convert …..into…..  They converted the garage into a theater. 他们将车库改成戏院。  convert water into ice.  将水变成冰  converting feet into meters.  将英尺换算成公尺 II. Text Explanation

 Brake system is a balanced set of mechanical and hydraulic devices used to retard the motion of the vehicle by means of friction.  Hydraulic [hai  dr  lik] adj. 液压的, 水力的  Retard [ri  t  d] vt. 延迟, 使减速, 阻碍  Friction [  frik  n] n. 摩擦, 摩擦力  译文：制动系统是一套平衡的机械和液压设备， 它可通过摩擦来阻止车辆的运动。 II. Text Explanation

 by means of 用 ….. 方式（方法），依靠  They succeeded by means of perseverance.  他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。  He always goes to school by means of bike  他总是骑自行车上学 II. Text Explanation

 In 1956, the No. 1 Auto Plant was established in Changchun, and turned out the first batch of liberation automobiles for our country.  establish vt. 建立, 设立, 确定  turned out vt. 生产, 起床, 翻出, 制造, 关掉  译文：在 1956 年，一汽在长春成立了，并且为我 们国家生产出了第一批解放牌轿车。

 turn out  A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.  大群的观众到场观看比赛。  If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.  万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。 II. Text Explanation

III. Exercises  Translate the following expressions into Chinese.  chassis  driving system  internal combustion engine  steering system  braking system  clutch  gearbox  universal joint  propeller shaft  generator  底盘  传动系统  内燃机  转向系统  制动系统  离合器  变速箱  万向节  驱动轴  发电机

 Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture. III. Exercises 1-engine; 2-clutch; 3-gearbox; 4-propeller shaft; 5-differential; 6-rear axle

 The motor vehicle engine is basically a device for converting the internal energy stored in its fuel into mechanical energy. It is classified as an internal combustion engine by virtue of this energy conversion taking place within the engine cylinders. Since the term ”energy” implies the capacity to perform work, the engine is thus able to propel the vehicle along the road and, within limits, overcome unwanted opposition to its motion arising from rolling friction and air drag. To facilitate this process the engine is combined with a transmission system. III. Exercises

 I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.  In effect, the driving system works by transmitting engine power to the driving wheels.  实际上，传动系统的作用是将发动机的动力传递到驱动车轮。  The electric system supplies lighting and driving power for the automobile.  电气系统可为汽车提供照明和驱动的电力。  The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.  车身的式样为汽车提供了诱人的，多彩的，现代的外观形象。 III. Exercises

 汽车主要由四个部分组成，他们是：发动机、底盘、车身 和电气设备。  An automobile is generally composed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system.  传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动 轮组成。  The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle,differential and the driving road wheels. 。 III. Exercises II. Translate the following sentences into English.

 气门机构的作用是及时地吸入新鲜的混合气和排 出废气  The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them. III. Exercises

Specialized English for Automobile