Collective bargaining and labour conflicts: a framework for analysis 集体谈判与劳资冲突：一种分析框架 Centro Studi CISL （意大利工人工会联合会研究中心） Florence, March 2015 （佛罗伦萨，2015年3月） Luigi Lama （路易吉·拉玛）

New institutional economics 新制度经济学 Combines economics and organizational studies 结合经济学和组织理论的研究

Economics and Organization 经济学和组织理论 Two main ways to produce goods and services提供产品和服务的两种主要路径 Make生产 Internalization 内化 Hierarchy层级 Buy购买 Externalization 外化 Market市场 Cf. New Institutional Economics, O.E. Williamson, 1975（新制度经济学， O.E.威廉姆逊，1975）

CONFLICT: a definition 冲突:定义 People are different人是不同的 People have their own preferences 人有其偏好 sometimes agree, support each other 有时同意，互相支持对方 sometimes collide, hinder each other 有时碰撞，彼此阻碍对方 Conflict: preferences collision 冲突：偏好的碰撞

CONFLICT: a definition 冲突：定义 When preferences collide 当偏好碰撞时 CONFLICT arises 冲突产生 communicating as intention沟通作为意图 or acting as behaviour或行动作为行为 by persons in a family, a group, an organization ….在一个家庭，一个团队，一个组织…… by groups, organizations, states, tribes, companies …..在众多团队，组织，国家，部落，公司……

Reaction to FIRM HIERARCHY 对企业层级的反应 FIGHT or FLEE 反抗或逃离 REACT or GIVE UP 反应或放弃 VOICE EXIT LOYALTY 对话 退出 忠诚

Economics and Organization 经济学和组织理论 Which can be the workers’ reaction to firm hierarchy? 哪一个是工人对企业层级制的反应？） Exit, Voice and Loyalty退出，对话与忠诚 in labour relations在劳动关系中 EXIT can be dismissal or voluntary resignation 退出是指解雇或主动辞职 VOICE can be complain, struggle and negotiation 对话是抱怨，抗争和沟通 LOYALTY can occur from fully motivate involvement to resigned obedience, compliance (with contingent silent disagree)忠诚能导致充分调动参与放弃的服从，顺从（沉默的不赞同） A. O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty, Harvard, 1970（ A. O.赫希曼，退出，对话与忠诚，哈佛，1970）

Labour Conflicts Governance 劳资冲突治理 BARGAINING POWER 谈判的权力 POLITICAL 政治的 ECONOMICAL 经济的 CULTURAL 文化的

Labour Conflicts Governance 劳资冲突治理 STRUGGLE抗争 NEGOTIATION沟通 AUTHORITY权威 COMPETITION竞争 RULES规则

Ways and Qualities方法和质量 Struggle 抗争 Authority权威 Rules规则 Competition竞争 Negotiation沟通 COST成本 FAST快速 PREDICTABLE可预见 EFFICIENT效率 CONSENT同意

Labour Conflicts Governance 劳资冲突治理 STRUGGLE AUTHORITY RULES COMPETITION NEGOTIATION 抗争 权威 规则 竞争 沟通 Coercion Consent exclusion integration 强制排除 Logic逻辑 同意整合 EXTRACTIVE 精炼 INCLUSIVE包含