Introduction to Microcomputers 微算機概論 電通三 Ying-Wen Bai Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University

MPU: Microprocessor Unit; CPU: Central Processing Unit Microcomputer ? MPU: Microprocessor Unit; CPU: Central Processing Unit

Microcomputer? A computer that uses microprocessor as its CPU. In the 1980s. Microcomputer could be effectively contrasted with minicomputer and mainframes, and typified as inexpensive, single-user systems. However, this is no longer true because minicomputers and even mainframes employ microprocessors. IBM PC was designed in 1981.

Microprocessor An integrated circuit that contains the Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), control unit, sometimes the floating-point unit (FPU) of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). Fabricated on a small flake of silicon and mass-produced at low cost, microprocessor can contain the equivalent million transistors and unquestionably one of the twentieth century’s greatest technological advances. (4004 designed by Intel at 1972)

CPU CPU: Central Processing Unit A computer’s internal storage, processing, and control circuitry, including arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), the control unit, read-only memory (ROM), and random access memory (RAM). The ALU and control unit are wholly contained on a chip called the microprocessor; the memory is elsewhere on the motherboard or an adapter on the expansion bus.

PC Motherboard Architecture (1981 IBM設計)

Why microcomputers? 1. 研究生 –各組實驗需求比率高 通訊 、控制、 計算機 、VLSI 展示和實現研究結果 可程式規劃測試平台,…. 2. 工程師 –電子/電機/資工系畢業生必備知識之一(多校必修) 工作上需要用到機會高(大部分主管會假設你會一些) 可程式規劃應用功能,… 3. 創業者 --創業中便宜而且是有力工具(可程式規劃性) 4. 一般人 –生活上必需品(各類產品內含微算機:資料收集、資料輸出和顯示、資料處理、資料儲存、資料傳輸、其他)

使用(內含)微算機(電腦)之各類產品 平板電腦、筆記型電腦、個人電腦、PDA 雲端計算系統、伺服器、工作站、各類型電腦/網路設備/通訊系統設備 智慧型手機、各類型手機 機器人/遊戲機/電子寵物 數位相機/數位攝影機/數位電視 醫療電子儀器 電子書/電子字典/電子表 汽車/捷運/各類現代車輛/機車/各類飛機 家庭保全系統/各類保全系統/各類控制器 其他(很多)

教科書 Textbook: Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessor,” Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009, Eighth Edition. References: Walter A. Triebel and Avtar Singh, “The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors,” Prentice Hall, 2003, Fourth Edition. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware and Software Introduction, Hohn Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2002. A. K. Ray and K. M. Bhurchandi, “Intel Microprocessors”, McGRAW-Hill Book Co., 2006 Office Hours : Tuesday: 10:00~11:00 Thursday: 10:00~12:00 Office: SF 719

評分 兩次小考: 10% X 2 期中考: 30% 期末考: 30% 四次作業: 5% X 4 期中考: 30% 期末考: 30% 四次作業: 5% X 4 期末報告: 0%~5% (加分) 2014/01/07以前繳交 題目與微算機概論相關(4~8頁A4紙張版) 上課出席: 0%~5% (加分) 2013/10/22 微算機概論小考 2013/11/12 微算機概論期中考 2013/12/31 微算機概論小考 2014/01/14 微算機概論期末考

「微算機概論」評分情形和修課建議 前幾年評分統計：選修本科目不及格率大約10~20% 如果選修本科目，我們建議： 1. 選修本科目要來上課，每週點名 2. 針對本科目，每週請投入3~9小時自修 時間(閱讀課本，做習題) 3. 多次且仔細閱讀課本(需要查字典或 查證其他資料)和閱讀PowerPoint， 做習題

Contents Introduction to Microprocessor and Computer Microprocessor and Its Architecture Addressing Modes Data Movement Instructions Arithmetic and Logic Instruction Program Control Instructions

Contents 7. Using Assembly Language with C/C++ 8. Programming the Microprocessor 9. 8086/8088 Hardware Specifications 10 Memory Interface 11. Basic I/O Interface 12. Interrupts 13. Direct Memory Access and DMA-controlled I/O

Contents 14. The Arithmetic Coprocessor, MMX, and SIMD Technologies 15. Bus Interface 16. The 80186, 80188 and 80286 Microprocessors 17. The 80386 and 80486 Microprocessors

Contents 18. The Pentium and Pentium Pro Microprocessors 19. The Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core 2 Microprocessors

The Computer Revolution Progress in computer technology Underpinned by Moore’s Law Makes novel applications feasible Computers in automobiles Cell phones Human genome project World Wide Web Search Engines Cloud Computing Computers are pervasive

Classes of Computers Desktop computers Server computers General purpose, variety of software Subject to cost/performance tradeoff Server computers Network based High capacity, performance, reliability Range from small servers to building sized Embedded computers Hidden as components of systems Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

The Processor Market

Block Diagram of a Mobile Phone

A Special Computer System: Block Diagram of Digital TV Hardware

Uniprocessor Performance Constrained by power, instruction-level parallelism, memory latency

Worldwide smart phone and client PC shipments, full year 2011 Smart Phone 487.8 millions +62.7% Total client PCs 414.6 millions +14.8% -Pads 63.2 millions +274.2% -Netbooks 29.4 millions -25.3% -Notebooks 209.6 millions +7.5% -Desktops 112.4 millions +2.3%

Worldwide smart phone market Shipments by platform, full year 2011 Platform Shipment Growth Total 487.7 millions +62% Android 237.8 millions +244% iOS 93.1 millions +98% Symbian 80.1 millions -25% BlackBerry 51.4 millions +5% Bada 6.8 millions -4% Windows 5.4 millions +14%

平板電腦成為2014年PC成長動力 圖一、2014年平板電腦將佔PC出貨量達24%   關鍵字： 平板電腦（Tablet PC）

2013 Q2智慧機銷量2.25億支 市調機構表示，第2季全球智慧型手機銷售量達2.25億支，不僅首度超越功能手機、年成長率更遠超過4成，三星、蘋果仍分居冠、亞軍，不過顧能也指出，高階機種中以均價400美元的產品成長性最高，下半年起對於以超過600美元旗艦機種為主打的品牌，都會造成壓力。 第2季全球手機整體銷售量為4.35億支，較去年同期小幅成長3.6％，而在智慧型手機已是主流中的主流下，智慧型手機銷售量就佔其中的51.8％、達2.25億支，不僅是首度超越功能手機，銷量更較去年同期大增46.5％，而功能手機則節節衰退，第2季全球功能手機的銷售量為2.1億支，較去年同期大減21％。

Graphics in the Computer Systems

Inside the Processor AMD Barcelona: 4 processor cores

PowerPoints Web: http://cs.ee.fju.edu.tw/ E-mail: bai@ee.fju.edu.tw

微算機概論 助教 研究生:宋明慶 地點: SF 743 計算機系統實驗室 TEL: (02) 29053592 微算機概論 助教 研究生:宋明慶 地點: SF 743 計算機系統實驗室 TEL: (02) 29053592 討論時間:星期二 16:30~18:00 星期四 15:40~17:40

微算機概論 小考 12:30~13:30 2013/10/22 (星期二) SF235

微算機概論 PowerPoint iCAN http://cs.ee.edu.tw 電機系 計算機系統實驗室網頁 光碟