Role Of Technological Advancement In Promoting Public Safety

Public Safety Threats-Natural and Man made Terrorism Public Disorder: Riots; demonstration Crime: Theft , Hijack Public Health Threats: Typhoid; Ebola; drugs Traffic Accidents, Congestion Incidents chemicals, Radio active, Pollution Natural Floods; Earthquakes Fire, Cyber Attack

Public Safety Threat Challenges to Agencies Limited Early Warning Bangkok Bombing (17 Aug, 2015, Thailand) 20 dead and 125 injured Highest density: 2-3 person/m2 Limited risk early warning and Poor Contingency Plan Paris IS Attacks (13 Nov,2015, France) 3 teams launched 6 distinct attacks Not been hit for 20 years 130+ dead, 368 injured Lack of collaboration among multiple agencies leading to chaos Lack Multi-Agency Collaboration Chinese Serial Killer Zhou Kehua (2004-2012) Shot 10 person dead in 8 years 1200 policemen, 7 days , 17s key footage Lack of efficient search method from massive video Poor Investigation Efficiency 那么，在处置这些日益增长的威胁时，我们政府的公共安全相关部门也面临着很多严峻的挑战。 1）首先，在事前，由于手段有限，导致难以进行有效的预警，例如在2015年8月17日曼谷四面佛发生的爆炸案中，总共造成20人死亡，125人受伤。事情发生在泰国曼谷市中心高级购物中心的四面佛庙宇附近发生一起爆炸。每天都有数千佛教徒在此参拜。从视频录像发现，爆炸前3分钟，有一个黄衣男子把一个背包放在距离四面佛很近的长凳下面，离去后三分钟发生了爆炸。事件发生前，由于缺乏有效异常行为分析预警，没有第一时间疏散人群，从而造成了惨剧。 1）（option）首先，在事前，由于手段有限，导致难以进行有效的预警，例如在2014年12月31日上海外滩迎新年的活动中，发生了严重的踩踏事件，总共造成39人死亡，49人受伤。当时整个上海外滩3.1平方公里面积上聚集了1百万人，最密集的地方达到了大概每平方米6-7人。事件发生时，只有在外围有警力维持秩序，缺乏对人群核心区域密度和人群流向的实时监控和异常预警，没有第一时间进行疏散和引导。而对此类大型事件，预案也不充分，部分官员擅离岗位，各种处置力量没能第一时间抵达现场，造成最终的悲剧。 2）其次，在事中，面临复杂的事件，各部门之间缺乏有效的协作，处置效率低下。例如在2015年11月13号法国发生的IS袭击事件中，先后在3个地方发生爆炸和枪击挟持人质事件。总共造成130死亡，另有368人受伤。由于法国本土近20年没有遭受如此严重的恐怖袭击事件，法国政府缺乏对此类事件的相应预案。当各种处理力量警察、特警、消防、急救、NGO等涌入巴塔克兰剧院时，由于缺乏各部门的有效协调，现场形势比较混乱，很多现场人员不知道“谁在负责指挥？” “现场指挥点在哪里？”。同时由于现场大量人员、车辆涌入，现场缺乏有效资源协调，导致事发现场严重拥塞，进不去、出不来。 2）（option）其次，在事中，面临复杂的事件，各部门之间缺乏有效的协作，处置效率低下。例如在2005年7月7号英国发生的地铁和公交车爆炸事件中，先后有4颗炸弹被引爆。52人死亡，700人受伤。 由于事件发生在上班高峰期8:49am，前三个炸弹引爆后，地铁下面一片混乱。一小时后，第四颗炸弹9:47am在公交车上被引爆。造成进一步伤亡。由于英国本土近20年没有遭受如此严重的恐怖袭击事件，英国政府缺乏对此类事件的相应预案。当各种处理力量警察、特警、消防、急救、NGO等涌入地铁时，由于缺乏各部门的有效协调，现场形势比较混乱，很多现场人员不知道“谁在负责指挥？” “现场指挥点在哪里？”。同时由于现场大量人员、车辆涌入，现场缺乏有效资源协调，导致事发现场严重拥塞，进不去、出不来。 3）最后，在事后，案件调查效率低下。例如中国的周克华系列杀人事件，8年共枪杀了10人，都是在白天闹市中开枪杀人抢劫，性质非常恶劣。其中在2011年长沙案发后，当地警方组成了800人专案组，其中600警力来人工观看监控视频，由于长时间盯着视频看，很多警察看到流眼泪，其后增加到1200人观看监控视频。总共花了1周，找到了其在一家网吧的17秒关键视频，获得了关键的面部特征照片。面对海量的监控数据，由于缺少有效检索手段和工具，通过纯人工方式，高科技变成了低科技。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The emerging threats bring serious challenges to public safety agencies. Public safety agents are facing these challenges at the entire incident processing procedure. Before the incident, we have limited abnormal behavior analysis tools to early warning for public accidents or disasters. For example, in Bangkok explosion On 17th, Aug. 2015, 20 people were killed and 125 injured. Before the incident, CCTV monitoring the suspicious put a backpack under the bench which near the bombing scene. And 3 minutes later bomb blasting. It happened in Bangkok city center, every day, thousands of Buddhist go to pray. As lack of efficient warnings signals and contingency plan caused such tragedy. （Option）Before the incident, we have limited early warning for public accidents or disasters. For example, in Shanghai Stampede accident On New Year’s Eve 2015, 36 people were killed and 49 injured. Before the incident, 1M people gathered in 3.1 KM2 and the highest density is about 6-7 person/m2. Lack of those risk warnings signals and contingency plan caused such tragedy. (4) While during the incident, public safety agencies lack multi-agency collaboration. Let us see France IS Attack and Hostage Crisis case. According to the police department, the field situation was chaos because of lacking collaboration among different agencies like, police, fire, EMS and NGOs. A lot of field personnel did not know: “Who is in command?” , “Location of field command center?” (5) After the incident, public safety agents also lack efficient analysis tools to help them improve investigation efficiency. For example, to find a 17s clue of a Chinese serial killer Zhou Kehua, 1200 policemen spent 7days to look through thousands hours video footage. Zhou Kehua is suspected to have killed ten people and robbed millions of yuan in Jiangsu, Hunan and Chongqing between 2004 and 2012.

Operational Challenges Fragmented & Silos Separate Intelligence & Control Stakeholder Capability Gap: Public vs Law Enforcement Apps Society & Selfie Generation Voice Centric Critical communication Police & Law Enforcement Metro Police Prosecution & Court Paradigm shift from voice critical to data critical Real time video Biometric Number Plate recognition Real-time information update-Reports and forms Location services Prison Border Management Emergency

Technology Role: Situational-Awareness , Integration & Collaboration From information collection to information usage Each person participates in information collection All information can be aggregated to the user interface for unified actions Complete information collection Cross-agency collaboration Critical Video Communication UnmannedAerialVehicle （UAV） Text Video Figure Aggregate separated information to enhance on-site awareness capabilities Smoothly transfer information across agencies to support accurate decisions Video is able to deliver 10-fold information content than voice Real-time video communication brings up-to-the-minute and comprehensive information to field responders Improve security for big event First responder for harsh environment 为 第一个就是 “集体智慧”，传统模式下，每个人只是信息链的一个节点，信息缺乏有效共享的途径，单点信息很难快速共享到全局或其他更多人。有时候甚至是相隔很近的现场处置人员之间，信息都很难共享。“集体智慧”就是每个个体都可以贡献自己的信息，这些信息可以相互分发，在各个节点间实现共享和汇聚，使信息更好的辅助实战。 同时由于各信息节点打通，所有可能的数据最终可以组合在一起，形成一张全面、实时的实战视图。这里举个例子，一个警员社区盘查，意外遇到一个危险的暴恐分子，其持枪逃逸，无法判断目前所在的区域，需要将他的图像或视频信息推送给全体警员，传统模式下，要先层层汇报，然后指挥中心通过语音在逐层通知其他区域警员，信息量少，效率低下。而“集体智慧”模式下，可以支持信息直接上报，然后全局推送給所有警员。 第二个就是“多部门协作”，传统模式下，公共安全各部门的系统建设是独立的、烟囱式的建设，信息是“从下到上”汇报以及“从上到下”分发，各部门缺乏的流程对接和信息整合。在中国，虽然有统一的接警中心110，但是很多城市还没有实现多部门在一个平台上运作。比如一个火灾警情打给110时，110系统会直接转发给消防系统的接警员，由消防系统进行处理。当遇到重大事件时，各个部门的接口人聚集在一起，召开联席会议，Commander作出决策后，各接口人再去各自协调该部门的力量去处置事件。“多部门协作”就是所有部门在一个平台进行操作，实现各部门信息的汇聚与统一，信息在不同部门间流畅传递，实现更准确的决策，并实时掌握现场处置进展 第三个就是“关键视频通信”，传统模式下，我们是以voice做Mission Critial的通信基础，但是Voice能传递的信息有限，特别是在复杂情况下，很多时候是”讲了半天都没有说清楚情况“。视频能够比语音传递数十倍以上的信息量，随着技术的发展，宽带视频集群是下一步趋势，90%的现场处置人员都认为video通信是非常必要的。而到2018年，80%的业务都将基于视频应用开展。基于video的Mission Critial 通信必然能够为现场处置人员带来更快、更全的支持。 4) 第四个就是“无人机”。通过无人机在复杂环境中，比如高寒，高温，山地等场景下实时传递现场信息，帮助指挥官准确把握现场态势，做出准确决策。无人机支持多种视频回传方式，MW，PLMN，WIFI，eLTE。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To solve this problem, public safety agencies need better situational awareness capabilities. We believe the following three application trends will greatly increase situational awareness. The first is collective intelligence. Collective intelligence means each individual can contribute information and brings together information from multiple data sources making it actionable, such as: mobile and fixed video, sensors, weather, social media, personnel location, assets as well as CAD and records to process and analyze information, thereby delivering one, real-time operational view. The second trend is multi-agency collaboration. In most cities there are multiple government agencies that work in silos. Cities recognize that this is ineffective and that greater collaboration, including sharing data and processes, can help cities function more effectively and save money. The third trend is that video is becoming more important and most time it is mission critical. This is because live streaming video of incident scenes, current building schematics, location histories, criminal records and more – is key to increasing public safety efficiency, effectiveness and above all, safety. According a survey conducted in 2013, 90% first responders believe real-time video is more critical than voice communication. The last trend is UAV.UAV could running on harsh environment, such as high tempreture/ extreme cold/ mountain area, rely back the field situation on realtime, help the commander make decision efficiency. UAV support multi kind of communication, WIFI, PLMN, eLTE, MW. Social Mobile Cloud Big Data

Efficient Case-Solving Huawei Innovative ICT Help to Improve Agencies’ Capabilities Before the incident During the incident After the incident Smart Sensing Smart Decision-Making Smart Clue Analysing Omni Protection Video Prevention Intelligent Early - Warning Rapid Response Multi-Agency Collaboration Empower the Field Efficient Case-Solving Multi-dimensional intelligence Intelligent Analysis 那么，提升公共安全各部门的现场感知能力上，华为能够做什么？ 基于华为创新的ICT，包括有线无线一体化、业界首个可视宽带集群、基于FushionSphere的云数据中心以及强大的大数据分析平台FunsionInsight，华为能够在事前、事中、事后有效帮助其提升现场感知能力，解决“不了解”所带来的挑战。 1）在事前，我们能够提供智能感知能力。基于智能预警技术，通过Sensor或者摄像头对异常行为和状态的扑捉，能够自动发出警报，为市民提供全方位的保护。 2）在事中，我们能够帮助客户进行智慧决策。通过多部门协作平台，以及基于video的Mission Critical通信，能够快速响应和处理事件。 2）在事后，我们提供智能的线索检索和分析能力。 基于分布式的云架构，以及对多维情况的大数据分析能力，能够快速锁定罪犯，查找证据，高效破案。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Huawei innovative ICT products can improve agencies situational awareness capabilities. Before the incident, we provide public safety agencies smart sensing capability. It would automatic trigger alarm in detection abnormal events and provide omni-protection to our citizens. During the incident, we provide smart decision-making capability. This would increase public safety agencies response speed in case of emergency. After the incident, we provide smart clue analyzing capability. This would greatly improve the case-solving efficiency. All these capabilities are based on Huawei cutting edge ICT products, like wired & wireless devices, world 1st visible trunking system, cloud data center and big data platform. Wired & Wireless 1st Visible Trunking Cloud Data Center Big Data Paltform

Huawei Innovative ICT Bring You Into new Era Smart Intelligent Critical Video Communication IOT Alarm Multi-agency collaboration Business Intelligence base-on Big Data Society Massive Participation VAAS (Video As a Service) Digital Video Intelligent Analysis Contingency plan and decision-making support Multi-media Communication Analog Video Surveillance cover thecity (Digital) Integrated multi-source information Voice Communication (Digital) 通过华为这些创新的ICT，我们帮助客户全面进入平安城市一个新的时代 – 平安城市4.0 时代。根据华为对平安城市行业的理解，我们把平安城市的发展定义为4个阶段。 1）平安城市1.0是模拟时代，模拟的视频监控开始出现，仅仅覆盖少量的关键区域；应急通信是使用模拟制式的对讲机，缺少安全性。 2）平安城市2.0是数字时代，数字的视频监控开始普及，并大规模覆盖城市，数字的应急通信专网开始广泛使用，以Tetra为主流制式，多信息开始集成在一个平台显示，有效提升处置效率。 3）平安城市3.0是智能时代，基于视频的智能分析，如行为分析、人脸识别、车牌识别等，开始逐步应用于事前预警，事中布控抓捕，事后证据查找；移动警务出现，基于3G网络和智能化终端，开始支持基于数据、图片、语音和视频等的多媒体通信。应急预案和决策辅助工具开始规模用于应急事件的处置。 4）平安城市4.0是智慧时代，首先基于4G技术的宽带集群，实现了critical video communication。 随着更多的Sensor部署在城市，以及物联网的逐步成熟，我们可以通过更多的Sensor进行预警和主动预防，而不主要依靠摄像头。基于统一平台的多部门协作能够更好的提升信息共享和处理效率。 基于大数据的BI智能分析 ，更加有效辅助决策；通过对情报研判，可以安全趋势作出预判，从而可以优化资源部署。比如在犯罪高发区增加可移动警亭和巡逻人员；对社区人员进行“积分预警”，基于一定的积分模型，系统自动给出积分排名，对积分前N名重点监控。 在未来，公共安全安全不仅仅是政府部门的事情，整个社会将会广泛参与进来。比如通过手机APP，老百姓可以帮助回传现场视频；小区的摄像头会接入到政府视频监控平台，帮忙补充覆盖区域；重点场所，企业的摄像头可以跟政府部门联动，当有异常行为发生时，启动视频回传并报警，同时可以关闭出入口，锁住嫌疑人；同时一些公共安全服务将会外包给企业，比如借助社交软件Wechat （微信），市民可以一键报警、查找最近的警察站、以及给残障人力提供报警服务。 同时在未来，Video将会作为一种业务普遍用于服务社会，即video as a service，政府可以成立video专营部门，比如通过人的轨迹分析，帮助寻找missing people；将各个热点区域的人流分析情况提供给商业公司，帮助其做投资决策。 在4.0 时代, 这些技术将极大提升公共安全事件处置效率，将把平安城市建设带入一个赞新的阶段。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As you can see from this slide, this the roadmap of safe city. During safe city 1.0 era, the main feature is video surveillance in some key regions and analog voice trunking communication for emergency responders. At safe city 2.0 era, we build video surveillance around the city and integrate multi-source information to handle emergency. At safe city 3.9 era, intelligent analysis technology is used to analyze live video feeds and contingency plan and decision-making tools are used to handle complex emergency situation. Meanwhile field officers can communicate with each other using multi-media means. In the coming years, we are entering safe city 4.0 era. With the development of 4G communication, critical video communication is possible. As we have more and more sensors settled in the city, we can get more early-warning information and provide proactive protection. The big data analysis and multi-agency collaboration will improve the response efficiency. And In Safe City 4.0 era, Critical Video Communication, Big Data Analysis and multi-agency collaboration will greatly improve the efficiency of public safety officers. With our leading safe city solution , we can help you enter Safe City 4.0 era. Video Surveillance in key area (Analog) Voice Communication (Analog)

Huawei Innoavte ICT Solution for Collaborative Public Safety C4ISR Leading Collaborative Public Safety Solutions C-C4ISR C4IS C4I C3I C2 C3 Collaborative - Command, Control, Communication, Cloud, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. Public Safety Collaboration Collaboration Safe City Crisis & Disaster management Border Protection CIP … Intelligence Command & Control Reconnaissance Data Mining, Comprehensive Analysis Command & Control, Mobile Responder UAV, IoT, eLTE Surveillance Communication Collaboration Collaboration City Security, Road Safety, Border Protection, Disaster Management Converged Critical Communication, Agile network, VC, UC Cloud xx Industry Cloud Collaboration

Advanced ICT to enable deliver safety in the Nation Voice & Data Driven PSTN/PLMN/VoIP Internet & Social IoT Real-Time Video-Based Converged Command Video Push-To-Talk (PTT) Intelligent Video Surveillance Video Conferencing Mobile devices Converged Voice Dispatch TETRA/P25/eLTE GIS-Based Management Unified command map One-click dispatching, efficient response Command Center GIS Platform Policing Applications Platform GIS Console Call-Taking Console Contingency Plan Dispatching Console Integrated Communication Platform (ICP) Voice Video Data External PSTN / PLMN / Internet Social IPCC: Unified Dispatching VoIP Trunking Call-Taking eLTE MDC eLTE TETRA P25 Mobile Devices Intelligent Video Surveillance ECV Video Video Conference Internet of Things (IoT) Tele Presence Collaboration Sensors

Converging Communities, Data & Devices P u b l i c S a f e t y C o l l a b o r a t i v e Communities Fire Medical Police Emergency Cloud Pipe Device

Converging Agencies, Devices, Data Sources Smart Sensing Collaboration Smart Decision-Making

Efficiency through convergence and Integration Data integration tool Three-in-one storage platform Storage Analysis Archive Major incidents Population Travel data Incident data Call records Hadoop HDFS HBase SFTP Server FTP Server Other Data Source Data integration (Porter) Statistics Aggregation trends Crime trends Hotspot areas Aggregation Hotspot Efficient information convergence improves incident prediction accuracy while shortening analysis time

When the Pope visited Kenya 300,000+ 10,000+ People in 0.12 km2 Police Officers

10 agencies divided by 30 sectors… …Using different devices and networks

eLTE based Broadband Trunking System Voice only Voice + Video + Data Before Now

During this historic event During this historic event Injury / Complaint More importantly, crime rates fell by 45% during 2015 when compared to the previous year.

Advanced ICT in support of Public Safety Circle Command & Control Advanced ICT in support of Public Safety Circle Recovery Prevention Inquiry & Rehabilitation Big Data OpenStack Analytics Cloud Intelligent Video Surveillance Threats Identification Criminal Intelligence Response Detection Predictive Policing Victims Identification Licensing & Enforcement Data & Voice Communication (eLTE, ICP, Etc.) Survivors Assistance Border Protection Investigation & Evidence Collection Simulation & Forecast Integrated Communication Platform Video Storage Cloud Sensor-based Early Warning Social Monitoring Public Warning Smart Deployment eLTE, LITRA, Handsets, Terminals, CPE Video Conference & Collaboration Video Content Management IP Cameras & Power Supply