Unit 1 Thomas More and Christopher Marlow History of English Literature Module 3 Renaissance Unit 1 Thomas More and Christopher Marlow 主讲教师：姚丽教授 沈阳理工大学

Renaissance 1. Definition 1. Thomas More (Utopia) Renaissance in general 1. Definition 2. Origin 3. Features Renaissance in England 1. Thomas More (Utopia) 2 . Christopher Marlowe.

Renaissance in general Definition Renaissance is a political and cultural epoch. Literally it means rebirth or the revival of learning. It originated in Italy in the 14th century.

文艺复兴文坛三杰 Dante 但丁 Petrarch 彼特拉克 Boccaccio 薄伽丘

Features of Renaissance Centralization of power （集权制） Church reformation  Geographical discoveries Bankruptcy of peasantry Emergence of bourgeoisie（资产阶级的出现） Growth of a new culture: humanism （人文主义）

Humanism: Greatness of Man Focusing on the capacities of human beings Believing that human beings are glorious and all men have the rights to pursue personal happiness, knowledge and wealth

Hamlet What a piece of work is man; how noble in reason; 人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！ How infinite in faculty, in form and moving how express and admirable; 多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动! In action how like an angel; in apprehension how like a god! 在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么像一个天神！ The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals. 宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！

Renaissance in England In England, Renaissance did not begin until the reign of Henry VIII. Encouraged by Henry VIII, the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England.

Literary Giants Thomas More 莫尔 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞 Christopher Marlowe 马洛 Francis Bacon 培根

From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. Who said so? From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. 各尽所能, 按需分配. Thomas More

Thomas More (1478-1535) A great English statesman and writer Be known for his intelligence and devotion to the Catholic church. Be chiefly remembered for his Utopia (written in 1515)

UTOPIA The book Utopia is written in the form of a conversation between the author Thomas More and a returned solider. It can be further divided into 2 books. The two books contrast each other.

UTOPIA: Book1 Presenting a vivid picture of the English society of Thomas More's age Criticizing social evils of the early 16th century England Illustrating the wide division between the rich and the poor Describing the selfishness of those in power

An ideal society was presented in the form of Utopia. UTOPIA: Book2 An ideal society was presented in the form of Utopia.

Limitations of the book Utopia His dream world did not have its sound political, economic and social bases; He was indifferent to slavery and his actual contempt for physical labor; There were contradictions in his world outlook.

EXCERPT All the Utopians, men and women alike, work at agriculture. Besides sharing in the farm work, every person has some particular trade of his own. No one has to wear himself out with endless toil from morning till night. The other hours of the day are left to their individual choice. Their working hours are sufficient to provide not only an abundance, But even a super abundance of all the necessities and conveniences of life.

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) A predecessor of William Shakespeare Making tragedy an English dramatic form The first English playwright to write in blank verse(无韵诗)

Christopher Marlowe Marlowe is famous for four dramas. It is now known as the Marloesque or one-man type of tragedy. Each drama focuses on one central personality who is destroyed by his desire for power.

Christopher Marlowe The four dramas Tamburlaine 《帖木儿大帝》 Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》 The Jews of Malta 《马耳他的犹太人》 Edward the Second 《爱德华二世》

Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》 It is loosely based on the life of the Central Asian emperor. The theme of the play is closely related to humanism.

Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》 Doctor Faustus is based on a German legend. It is about the battle between good and evil. It praises people’s desire for knowledge, power and happiness; It reveals people’s frustrations to realize their dreams.

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 深情牧羊人致心爱的人 Come live with me, and be my love, 来吧，和我生活在一起，做我的爱人 And we will all the pleasures prove. 在这里我们将快乐无边 That hills and valleys, dales and fields, 这里有俊俏秀丽的山峦 Woods or steepy mountain yields. 还有风光明媚的山谷田园

And we will sit upon the rocks, 在那边我俩坐在山岩上 Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks. 看牧羊人喂养可爱的羔羊 By shallow rivers, to whose falls 在浅浅的小溪旁 Melodious birds sing madrigals. 鸟儿随着潺潺流水把爱情歌唱

The shepherd-swains shall dance and sing, 牧羊少年们在每个五月的早晨 For they delight each May morning. 将为你纵情误导，高歌如云 If these delights thy mind may move, 假如这些换了能打动你的心 Then live with me, and be my love. 来吧，和我生活在一起，做我的爱人

Summary 1. Definition 1. Thomas More (Utopia) Renaissance in general 2. Origin 3. Features Renaissance in England 1. Thomas More (Utopia) 2. Christopher Marlowe