Building the Next- generation Fleet of Large Coal-fired Power Plants 發展和建设下一代的燃煤电ㄏ Dr. Jeffrey N. Phillips Senior Program Manager 2017 U.S.-China Clean Coal Industry Forum November 30, 2017

What Will Be Needed in New Coal Power Plants? 新燃煤电ㄏ的需耍 Lower Operating Costs Lower Environmental Impact Greater Operating Flexibility 降低运营成本 降低环境影响 增加操作活性

Lower Operating Costs 降低运营成本 Higher Efficiency = Lower Fuel Costs More Automation = Less Labor Costs More Reliability = Lower Maintenance Costs 高效率 = 低燃料成本 高自动化 =低劳工成本 高可靠性 = 低維护成本

History of A-USC Materials Programs in U. S History of A-USC Materials Programs in U.S. – The Path to Higher Thermal Efficiency 美國先进超超临介的材料计划 - 更高的热效率路径 15 year successful effort initiated in 2001 to develop the materials technology to build and operate an A-USC plant. Materials research and development finished in 2014. ComTest testing to begin in 2018, and continue for two years, ending in Fall of 2020.

Nickel Alloy Casting Development 镍合金的铸造开发 Haynes 282 Nickel Alloy Casting of half of full-size steam turbine stop and control valve Suitable for use up to 760°C Haynes 282 镍合金 铸造了半全尺寸的蒸汽止动器和控制阀 使用溫度高达760度C

Improved Instrumentation, Controls & Automation 改进的仪器,控制,和自劫化 Advanced process control strategies, automated startup and turndown Enhanced reliability through monitoring & prognostics Low-cost sensing & data analytics for advanced system diagnostics Smart devices & automated operations to support a new workforce 先进的过程控制策略自动启动和停机 結過监測和預測去增加可靠性 用低成本传感器和数据分析方法去增强先进系统的诊断力 用高智能设备和自动化操作去增加新员工的劳动力

Lower Environmental Impact 降低环境影响 Lower SOx, NOx, Particulates (PM), Hg and CO2 emissions Less water consumption Beneficial use of by-products (flyash, CO2, etc.) 降低 SOx，NOx，颗粒物（PM），汞 和二氧化碳的排放 減少用水量 有效的利用副产品（例如粉煤灰，二 氧化碳等等）

More Operating Flexibility 更多的操作灵活性 Quicker starts Rapid ramping up and down Deeper turn down (lower minimum load) 更快的开机 快速上升和下降溫度 更深的调低（降低最低發电需求） Boiler header ligament cracking due to thermal fatigue 由于热疲劳造成锅炉蒸汽头管破裂

Bulk Energy Storage: An Alternative to Operating Flexibility Fossil Power Plants without Energy Storage 没有能源储存的火力發电厂 Fossil Power Plants with Energy Storage 有能源储存的火力發电厂

Advanced Lead Acid Battery Energy Storage Options – Power Rating vs Discharge Duration 储能选项 - 电厂功率与发电持续时间的比较 UPS Grid Support Energy Management Power Quality Load Shifting Bulk Power Mgmt. Bridging Power Discharge Time at Rated Power 发电持续时间 Seconds Minutes Hours System Power Ratings 电厂功率 1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW High Energy Super Caps Lithium Ion Battery Lead Acid Battery NiCd NiMH High Power Fly Wheels High Power Super Caps SMES NaS Battery NaNiCl2 Battery Advanced Lead Acid Battery CAES Pumped Hydro Flow Batteries ZrBr VRB Novel Systems Metal-Air Batteries Only Bulk Energy Storage Can Help Avoid or Moderate the Effects of Cycling 只有大量的能源储存才可以避免或缓和危速溫度变化的影响

Conclusions 结论 The current power generation market is very competitive Lots of low marginal cost and environmentally-friendly options To remain competitive, coal power plants must become More fuel efficient More automated Cleaner Lower consumers of water More flexible to operate 目前发电市场竞争非常激烈 很多低成本和高环保的选择机會 为了保持竞争力，燃煤电厂必须成为 更省煤 更自动化 更亁靜 降低用水 更灵活操作