劳务派遣与学生工 ----Knowing the Risks Labor Dispatch and Student Workers Wenjuan Yao Verité China Office June.18th, 2014 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

US Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2011 关于维泰 Who Is Verité 国际性非赢利机构，成立于1995年，总部设在美国 Network of NGOs working globally in 60+ countries, established in 1995, headquarter in the US. 使命 Mission 确保世界各地的人们在安全、公平和合法的条件下工作 To ensure that people worldwide work under safe, fair and legal conditions 维泰所获奖项 Verité Awards Fast Company Social Capitalist Award 2005 Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship 2007 Schwab Foundation US Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2011

讨论的问题 Topics to Discuss 电子信息技术企业的劳务派遣及常见问题Labor Dispatch in ICT Factories and Common Issues Identified 电子信息技术企业的学生工及常见问题Student Workers in ICT Factories and Common Issues Identified 强迫劳动、人口贩运的风险与对策 Risks of forced labor, human trafficking and management strategies © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

1. 电子信息技术企业的劳务派遣及常见问题 Labor Dispatch in ICT Factories and Common Issues Identified

审核数据 Audit Data 在91个接受审核的工厂之中 Of 91 ICT factories audited: 39个使用了劳务派遣工，约占总数的43% 39 used dispatched workers , which is 43% of total factories audited. 在使用了派遣的工厂中，派遣工占生产工人 总数 的平均比例约为48% On average, dispatched workers constituted 48% of the total workforce in the factories hiring them. 最高是100%， 最低是3%左右。 5 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

审核数据 Audit Data 业务摘要 广东省 江苏省 上海市 浙江省 四川省 45 26 7 5 4 8 18 1 港资 合资 内资 使用劳务派遣工的地区差异 使用劳务派遣工的企业所有人性质差异 审核数据 Audit Data 广东省 江苏省 上海市 浙江省 四川省 45 26 7 5 4 8 18 1 港资 合资 内资 台资 外资 6 5 15 31 34 1 3 2 12

一些常见问题 Some Common Issues 派遣工人人数超过法定的比例限制，有的达100%。No. of dispatched workers beyond legal limits. 没有针对派遣公司的审核系统，没有对劳务派遣公司进行审核。No monitoring system for labor agencies, and did not conduct audit in labor agencies. 没有将EICC 或客户要求沟通给劳务派遣公司。Did not communicate EICC or client requirements to labor agencies. 使用不合资质的劳务派遣企业。Using unqualified labor agencies. 工厂不能提供派遣工人的工资单。Factories can’t provide pay records of dispatched workers. 劳务派遣员工合同期限只有一年，低于法律规定的两年期限。The term of employment agreements signed between workers are labor agencies are less than two years. 没有为劳务派遣工人购买社会保险。Dispatched workers were not provided with social insurance. 使用不合资质的劳务派遣企业指：有的工厂自己负责招募，之后交给劳务派遣公司签合同，而所用的劳务公司或者注册资金不够，或者就是一个空壳　（有个体劳务代理人，也叫工头，借用一个中介的公章就可以与工厂签合同）。　 7 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

2. 电子信息技术企业中使用学生工的情况 及常见问题 Student Workers in ICT Factories and Common Issues Identified © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

审核数据 Audit Data 24 used student workers, which is approximately 26% of 在91个接受审核的工厂中 Of 91 factories audited： 24个使用了学生工，约占审核工厂总数的26% 24 used student workers, which is approximately 26% of the factories audited. 学生工占工人总数的平均比例大约是9.4% On average, student workers constitute approximately 9.4% of the total workforce in the facilities hiring them. 最低约2%, 最高约28%。 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

业务摘要 审核数据 Audit Data 广东省 江苏省 上海市 浙江省 四川省 45 26 7 5 4 6 2 1 港资 合资 内资 台资 使用学生工的地区差异 使用学生工的企业所有人性质差异 审核数据 Audit Data 广东省 江苏省 上海市 浙江省 四川省 45 26 7 5 4 6 2 1 港资 合资 内资 台资 外资 6 5 15 31 34 1 3 9 4

一些常见的问题 Some Common Issues Identified 通过派遣公司使用实习生Hiring of student workers through labor agencies 没有针对实习生所在学校的审核系统，没有开展对实习生所在学校合规性的审核 Did not have monitoring system for collaborating vocational schools; did not conduct audit in the schools 没有与实习生与学校签订协议 Did not sign tripartite agreement with schools and student workers 　 没有实习生管理政策 Did not have management policies and procedures for using of student workers 　 没有为实习生购买意外保险 Did not purchase accident insurance for student workers 　　 实习生的工作时间超法律标准 Working time of student workers exceeded regulatory limit 　 实习期超过当地法律要求 Intern term of student workers exceeded regulatory limit 　 没有与实习生与学校签订协议包括没有与学校或者没有与学生签订协议。　 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

3. 强迫劳动、人口贩运的风险与对策 Risks of forced labor, human trafficking and 3. 强迫劳动、人口贩运的风险与对策 Risks of forced labor, human trafficking and management strategies © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

风险探讨Discussion of Risks 强迫劳动的定义　Definition of Forced Labor 以任何惩罚相威胁，强迫任何人从事的非本人自愿的一切劳动或服务。－国际劳工组织： 《强迫劳动公约》（第29号） All work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.—ILO,The Forced Labour Convention(No. 29), 1930 18岁以下的男孩和女孩的强迫劳动是最恶劣的童工形式之一。－国际劳工组织：《最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》（第182号） Forced labour of girls and boys under 18 years old is one of the worst forms of child labour as defined by ILO. --- The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention(No. 182), 1999 本议定书所提及的措施须包括反对以强迫或强制性劳动为目的的人口贩运的具体行动 the measures referred to in this Protocol shall include specific action against trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced or compulsory labour -----1930年强迫劳动公约2014年议定书 the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 这个定义有两个最基本要素：一是以惩罚相威胁，一是非自愿进行的劳动和服务。　 以惩罚相威胁并不一定需要采取刑事制裁的方式，但可能会采取损害某些权利或者特殊待遇的形式，而且可能是多种形式。　从最极端的对人身的侵犯和制约到心理威胁。比如威胁向警察或移民当局告发就业者的非法身份；或者威胁向相关人员告发卖淫的女孩。其他惩罚包括同债务挂钩的经济惩罚，或者扣押以及没收工人的身份证件等。　 关于自愿的问题是：　包括同意的形式和主题，外部制约作用或者间接胁迫的作用以及自由地撤回已给与的同意的可能。也就是说，如果当初的同意是受到了欺诈或者欺骗而给予，之后又由于法律、身体或者心里上的胁迫而无法撤回时，当初给予的同意对于断定强迫与否就无关紧要了。　断定强迫与否与该工作在当地是否合法也不必然相关。比如一个妇女被迫卖淫是强迫劳动，因为是非自愿的，而与卖淫非法与否无关；自愿性与该活动是否具有经济性质也无必然关系，比如一个处于胁迫之下的乞丐会被视做是强迫劳动。 童工劳动不仅包括儿童在第三方的威胁下进行的被迫工作，而且包括整个家庭的强迫。　　

人口贩运定义 Definition of Human Trafficking "Trafficking in persons" shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.

人口贩运定义（续）　 Definition of Human Trafficking　（Continued) (b) 如果已使用本条(a)项所述任何手段，即使“受害人”对(a)项所述的有预谋进行的剥削表示了同意，仍应视为“人口贩运”； (b) The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used. (c) 为剥削目的而招募、运送、转移、窝藏或接收儿童，即使并不涉及本条(a)项所述任何手段，也应视为“人口贩运”； (c) The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered "trafficking in persons" even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article. (d)“儿童”系指任何18岁以下者。　“Child” shall mean any person under eighteen years of age. ---- 摘自：《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于预防禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》2000年 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

两个高风险点：Two High Risk Areas： 通过劳务中介公司使用童工，并有强迫劳动和涉及人口贩运的风险 （典型案例是在珠三角打工的四川凉上的儿童）。Using of child labor through labor agencies, risk of involving human trafficking. 利用行政的力量/毕业证书/学费等方式变相强迫学生参加与专业无关的实习，有强迫劳动的风险 Force student workers to participate in the internship jobs irrelevant to their field of study through abusive using power of local authorities, academic credentials or tuitions. 16 © 2009 Verité – NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

管理对策 Management Strategies ILO 2014年强迫劳动(补充措施)建议书的要求 the Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation, 2014 成员国应采取措施，消除劳务招聘和安置机构的虐待和欺诈行为，例如：Members should take measures to eliminate abuses and fraudulent practices by labour recruiters and employment agencies, such as: (a) 取消向工人收取招聘费用；(a) eliminating the charging of recruitment fees to workers; (b) 要求雇佣合同透明，明确解释雇佣条款和工作条件；(b) requiring transparent contracts that clearly explain terms of employment and conditions of work; (c) 建立健全且易于利用的投诉机制；(c) establishing adequate and accessible complaint mechanisms; (d) 处以适度的惩罚；并 imposing adequate penalties; and (e) 对这些服务机构进行监管或颁证。regulating or licensing these services

管理对策 Management Strategies 提高认识 Increase Awareness 避免决策者因小失大，执行者盲目无知 To avoid policy makers losing the greater and implementers’ ignorance 加强管理 Improve Management EICC 管理体系方式 EICC management system approach 政策与执行 Intention and implantation 注重实效 Striving for Effectiveness 绩效指标 的设定与考核 Performance indicators and measuring