姜雅琴 Yaqin.jiang@wolterskluwer.com Ovid医学数据库 姜雅琴 Yaqin.jiang@wolterskluwer.com

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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW) 简介 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins（LWW）是世界第一大专业医学出版社﹐共出版280种高品质医学期刊，为众多医师、专业临床医生、护理人员和医科学生提供学术出版物 LWW期刊品质优越，超过半数的期刊被SCI收录，能够综合反映当今全球医学界的发展水平。 其中192种期刊被MEDLINE数据库收录、150种期刊被SCI数据库收录， 2007年期刊影响因子（Impact factor）最高为《Circulation》12.563， 其出版的临床医学及护理学方面的期刊尤为突出。 在SCI所做的心血管病学，外科学，传染病学，骨科学，儿科学 护理学等领域的期刊排名中遥遥领先。

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Fig. 1 Cost effectiveness of preventive screening programmes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany. Schaufler TM; Wolff M Applied Health Economics & Health Policy. 8(3):191-202, 2010. DOI??? 10.2165/11532880-000000000-00000 Fig. 1 Basic outline of the microsimulation model. MI = myocardial infarction. Copyright 2010 Adis Data Information BV. 2

Table I Cost effectiveness of preventive screening programmes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany. Schaufler TM; Wolff M Applied Health Economics & Health Policy. 8(3):191-202, 2010. DOI??? 10.2165/11532880-000000000-00000 Table I . Search strategyaa The preliminary search was conducted without time restrictions up to the year 2006. A further search of new publications including the year 2007 did not lead to any further information added to the model.MeSH = Medical Subject Headings. Copyright 2010 Adis Data Information BV. 3

Fig. 2 Cost effectiveness of preventive screening programmes for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany. Schaufler TM; Wolff M Applied Health Economics & Health Policy. 8(3):191-202, 2010. DOI??? 10.2165/11532880-000000000-00000 Fig. 2 Relative risk (95% confidence interval) of adverse events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus for the screening programme compared with the status quo. Copyright 2010 Adis Data Information BV. 4

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Evidence Based Medicine Reviews 循证医学数据库 循证医学评论数据库汇整了重要循证医学（或称实证医学）文献，提给供临床医生、研究者使用，做为临床决策、研究的基础得到广泛应用，可节省阅读大量医学文献报告的时间。 Do: Look at the list of EBMR resources Say: These are the pieces of the EBMR database which offer full-text reviews.

FULL-TEXT EBMR 循证医学数据库 – 全文库 Do: Look at the list of EBMR resources Say: These are the pieces of the EBMR database which offer full-text reviews.

循证医学数据库 – 全文库 ACP Journal Club 美国医学院期刊评论文章 The database consists of two journals, ACP Journal Club and Evidence-Based Medicine, a joint US/UK publication.

循证医学数据库 – 全文库 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Cochrane系统评价数据库 Regularly updated systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare prepared by The Cochrane Collaboration. (Cochrane协作网)

循证医学数据库 – 全文库 Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects 疗效评价数据库 DARE is produced by the expert and information staff of the UK NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, York, UK.(英国国家保健服务评价与传播中心)

References Do: Look at the list of EBMR resources Say: These are the pieces of EBMR which offer bibliographic (reference) information or a mixture of bibliographic materials and structured abstracts (NHSEED) – so NHSEED is partly full-text. DARE is mainly structured abstracts and systematic reviews.

参考文摘数据库 Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials Cochrane 对照试验注册资料库 Cochrane Methodology Register 方法学注册库 Health Technology Assessment 卫生技术评估数据库 NHS Economic Evaluation Database 卫生经济评估数据库

The Cochrane Collaboration 提高医疗保健干预措施的效率，为临床医生制定医疗决策提供最佳证据。节省医务工作者阅读大量医学文献报告的时间。 9

Archibald Cochrane Say: One of the most famous characters in Evidence Based Medicine was Professor Archibald Leman Cochrane, CBE FRCP FFCM, (1909 - 1988) 1909,January 12th : Born in Galashiels, Scotland. 1917 : Father killed in the Battle of Gaza. 1922-27 : Scholar, Uppingham School. 1927-30 : Scholar, King's College Cambridge. 1st class honours in Parts I & II of the Natural Sciences Tripos. 1931 : Research student with Dr N. Wilmerat, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, working on tissue culture studies. 1931-34 : Psychoanalysis with Theodor Reik, in Berlin, Vienna and the Hague. 1934-6 : Medical student, University College Hospital, London. 1936 : International Brigade, Spanish Civil War 1939-46 : Captain, Royal Army Medical Corps 1941 : Taken prisoner of war in June 1941 in Crete; PoW medical officer in Salonica (Greece) and Hildburghausen, Elsterhorst and Wittenberg-am-Elbe (Germany). 1947-48 : Studied the epidemiology of tuberculosis at Henry Phipps Institute, Philadelphia, USA. 1948-60 : Member, Medical Research Council Pneumoconiosis Research Unit, Penarth, Wales. 1960-69 : David Davies Professor of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, Welsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales. 1960-74 : Director, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiff, Wales. 1972 : Publication by the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust of his book Effectiveness and Efficiency - Random Reflections on Health Services. 1974-86 : Completed 20-year and 30-year follow up studies of Welsh mining communities (Rhondda Fach). 1988, June 18th : Died The photograph may be reproduced without permission. Archie Cochrane is best known for his influential book, Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services published in 1972[1]. The principles he set out in it so clearly were straightforward: he suggested that, because resources would always be limited, they should be used to provide equitably those forms of health care which had been shown in properly designed evaluations to be effective. In particular, he stressed the importance of using evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) because these were likely to provide much more reliable information than other sources of evidence. Cochrane's simple propositions were soon widely recognised as seminally important - by lay people as well as by health professionals. In 1979 he wrote, "It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organised a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials."[2] His challenge led to the establishment during the 1980s of an international collaboration to develop the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials. In 1987, the year before Cochrane died, he referred to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of care during pregnancy and childbirth as "a real milestone in the history of randomized trials and in the evaluation of care", and suggested that other specialties should copy the methods used [3]. His encouragement, and the endorsement of his views by others, led to the opening of the first Cochrane centre (in Oxford, UK) in 1992 and the founding of The Cochrane Collaboration in 1993. The Cochrane Collaboration The Cochrane Collaboration has developed in response to Cochrane's call for systematic, up-to-date reviews of all relevant RCTs of health care. Cochrane's suggestion that the methods used to prepare and maintain reviews of controlled trials in pregnancy and childbirth should be applied more widely was taken up by the Research and Development Programme, initiated to support the United Kingdom's National Health Service. Funds were provided to establish a 'Cochrane Centre', to collaborate with others, in the UK and elsewhere, to facilitate systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials across all areas of health care [6,7]. When 'The Cochrane Centre' was opened, in Oxford, in October 1992, those involved expressed the hope that there would be a collaborative international response to Cochrane's agenda. This idea was outlined at a meeting organised six months later by the New York Academy of Sciences [8]. In October 1993 - at what was to become the first in a series of annual Cochrane Colloquia - 77 people from eleven countries co-founded 'The Cochrane Collaboration'.

Archibald Cochrane British epidemiologist (流行病学家) Best known for his influential book, <<Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services>> published in 1972<<效果与效率:健康服务中的随机反应>> The principles he set out in it so clearly were straightforward: he suggested that, because resources would always be limited, they should be used to provide equitably those forms of health care which had been shown in properly designed evaluations to be effective Say: a little about Cochrane.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Created by the participants within the international ~7,000-member Cochrane Collaboration Analysis and commentary on clinical trials Approximately 65% completed systematic reviews (and 35% protocols). Updated Quarterly Links to and from MEDLINE and Journals@Ovid Easy access to summarized information on clinical trials Cochrane collaboration is broken into 50 areas w/xx number of volunteers who work to identify, analyze and comment on clinically relevant research. Many nations have participating volunteers. Centers in 15 countries 50 topic based review groups ~ 7000 members The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that started up in 1993 as a response to Archie Cochrane's call for Systematic, up-to-date reviews in healthcare. Cochrane was an epidemiologist who observed that: Quick access to results of research as well as the validity, applicability and implications of those results. Protocols - . Protocols reflect areas which are currently under development for the generation of a Systematic review. Systematic reviews- Select this limit to restrict retrieval to full Systematic reviews. Only complete reviews will be included when this limit is applied. Protocols will be eliminated.

Say: here we see the changes within the composition of this database Say: here we see the changes within the composition of this database. About 50 new protocols are added each year, these then progress to be reviews. The reviw contents then change as new information is revealed about a topic, the reviews don’t remain static. Old reviews may be removed if a therapy become completely outmoded.

                                                                                                                         循证医学证据的主要来源 Cochrane collaboration is broken into 50 areas w/xx number of volunteers who work to identify, analyze and comment on clinically relevant research. Many nations have participating volunteers. Centers in 15 countries 50 topic based review groups ~ 7000 members The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that started up in 1993 as a response to Archie Cochrane's call for Systematic, up-to-date reviews in healthcare. Cochrane was an epidemiologist who observed that: Quick access to results of research as well as the validity, applicability and implications of those results. Protocols - . Protocols reflect areas which are currently under development for the generation of a Systematic review. Systematic reviews- Select this limit to restrict retrieval to full Systematic reviews. Only complete reviews will be included when this limit is applied. Protocols will be eliminated.

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