方法学 CDM Project Methodologies 中国CDM能力建设项目培训讲义 Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China 2019/1/16

方法学：Methodologies 已批准的基准线方法学： Approved baseline methodology: 经执行理事会批准的基准线方法学连同相关指导意见在《气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制(UNFCCC CDM)网站(http://unfccc.int/cdm) 公布，或者在收到书面请求之后提供，书面请求可寄至电子邮件信箱cdm-info@unfccc.int, 或至传真号码：(49-228) 815-1999。 A baseline methodology approved by the Executive Board is publicly available along with relevant guidance on the UNFCCC CDM website (http://unfccc.int/cdm) or through a written request sent to cdm-info@unfccc.int or Fax: (49-228) 815-1999. 已批准的监测方法学：Approved monitoring methodology: 经执行理事会批准并连同相关指导意见一起被公布的监测方法。 A monitoring methodology approved by the Executive Board and made publicly available along with relevant guidance. 2019/1/16

定义：Definition 基准线-新方法学：Baseline - New methodology 项目参与者可以提出一种以透明和保守的方式建立的新的基准线方法学。 Project participants may propose a new baseline methodology established in a transparent and conservative manner. 监测方法-新方法学：Monitoring - New methodology 项目参与者可以提出一种新的监测方法学。 Project participants may propose a new monitoring methodology. 项目参与者应向指定的经营实体提出新方法建议，具体做法是将所建议的方法写入项目设计书(CDM-PDD)草案，包括描述该项目活动和列明项目参与者。 Project participants shall submit a proposal for a new methodology to a designated operational entity by forwarding the proposed methodology in a draft project design document (CDM-PDD), including the description of the project activity and the identification of the project participants. 2019/1/16

提出的新方法学：Proposed new methodologies http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/process B - 正在考虑的新方法学： Methodologies under consideration C - 未批准的新方法学： Not approved methodologies 如何提出新方法学：How to propose a new methodology http://cdm.unfccc.int/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/index.html 考虑并提交建议新的方法学的程序 (第四版) PROCEDURES FOR THE SUBMISSION AND CONSIDERATION OF A PROPOSED NEW METHODOLOGY (Version 04) 清洁发展机制新方法学: (CDM-NMB及CDM-NMM)第一版 – 2004.01.07起生效 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROPOSED NEW METHODOLOGY: (CDM-NMB and CDM-NMM) Version 01 - in effect as of: 1 July 2004 2019/1/16

基准线的批准与使用：procedure of EB Approval of Methodologies 2019/1/16

基准线的批准与使用：procedure of EB Approval of Methodologies 2019/1/16

已批准方法学：The approved methodologies (1) AM0001 Incineration of HFC 23 Waste Streams AM0002 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established by a Public Concession Contract AM0003 Simplified financial analysis for landfill gas capture projects AM0004 Grid-connected biomass power generation that avoids uncontrolled burning of biomass AM0005 Small grid-connected zero-emissions renewable electricity generation AM0006 GHG emission reductions from manure management systems AM0007 Analysis of the least-cost fuel option for seasonally-operating biomass cogeneration plants AM0008 Industrial fuel switching from coal and petroleum fuels to natural gas without extension of capacity and lifetime of the facility AM0009 Recovery and utilization of gas from oil wells that would otherwise be flared AM0010 Landfill gas capture and electricity generation projects where landfill gas capture is not mandated by law AM0011 Landfill gas recovery with electricity generation and no capture or destruction of methane in the baseline scenario http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/approved Update: 21/01/2005 2019/1/16

已批准方法学：The approved methodologies (2) AM0012 Biomethanation of municipal solid waste in India, using compliance with MSW rules AM0013 Forced methane extraction from organic waste-water treatment plants for grid-connected electricity supply AM0014 Natural gas-based package cogeneration AM0015 Bagasse-based cogeneration connected to an electricity grid AM0013 Forced methane extraction from organic waste-water treatment plants for grid-connected electricity supply” AM0014  Natural gas-based package cogeneration AM0015  Bagasse-based cogeneration connected to an electricity grid AM0016  Greenhouse gas mitigation from improved animal waste management systems in confined animal feeding operations Steam system efficiency improvements by replacing steam traps and returning condensate AM0018 Steam optimization systems AM0019 Renewable energy project activities replacing part of the electricity production of one single fossil-fuel-fired power plant that stands alone or supplies electricity to a grid, excluding biomass projects http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/approved Update: 21/01/2005 2019/1/16

已批准方法学：The approved methodologies (3) AM 0020 Baseline Methodology for water pumping efficiency improvements AM0021 Baseline Methodology for decomposition of N2O from existing adipic acid production AM0022 Avoided Wastewater and On-site Energy Use Emissions in the Industrial sector –Version 2 AM0023 Leak reduction from natural gas pipeline compressor or gate stations. http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/approved Update: 24/08/2005 2019/1/16

整合方法学：Consolidated methodologies 垃圾填埋项目 ACM0001 Landfill gas projects 可再生电力项目 ACM0002 Renewable electricity generation projects ACM 0003 Emissions reduction through partial substitution of fossil fuels with alternative fuels in cement manufacture ACM 0004 Consolidated methodology for waste gas and/or heat for power generation 整合的额外性工具 Consolidated additionality tool http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/approved 2019/1/16

CDM范围：CDM project Scopes 部门 行业目录 能源 Energy 燃料燃烧；能源工业；制造业和建设；运输；其他部门； 燃料的易散性排放；固体燃料；石油和天然气；其他 工业流程 Industrial processes 矿产品；化学工业；金属生产；其他生产 碳卤化合物和六氟化硫的生产 碳卤化合物和六氟化硫的消费；其他 溶剂和其他产品的使用 Solvent and other product use 农业 Agriculture 肠道发酵；粪肥管理；水稻种植；农用土壤；对热带大草原进行有规定的燃烧；对农作物残留物的田间燃烧；其他 废物 Waste 陆地固体废物处置；废水处置；废物焚化；其他 土地利用；土地利用的变化和森林 Land-use, land-use change, and forestry 造林； 再造林；对小型热能项目避免砍伐 附件Ⅰ国家不能利用核能项目产生的CERs 满足其减排目标 Nuclear energy. Annex I Parties must refrain from using CERs generated through nuclear energy to meet their targets. 在第一个承诺期(2008～2012)，只允许造林和再造林项目作为碳汇项目，附件Ⅰ国家用于完成他们分配排放数量的、来自的碳汇项目的CERs至多不超出其基准排放量的1%。 Sink projects allowed are only afforestation and reforestation, and Annex I Parties can only add CERs generated from sink projects to their assigned amounts up to 1% of their baseline emissions for the first commitment period. 2019/1/16

小规模CDM项目：Small-Scale CDM Projects 减少对项目设计书的要求； The requirements for the project design document are reduced; 按项目类别拟订的基准方法加以简化; Baseline methodologies by project category are simplified 监测计划和要求得到简化; Monitoring plans and requirements are simplified 同一经营实体可以负责进行审定、核查和认证工作 The same operational entity may undertake validation, and verification and certification. 可在项目周期阶段进行适当的汇总 。 Proper bundling during the stages in the project cycle 2019/1/16

小规模CDM项目分类：SSC projects categories 第(一)类：最大输出当量为15 兆瓦(或适当当量)的可再生能源项目活动； Renewable energy project activities with a maximum output capacity equivalent of up to 15 megawatts (or an appropriate equivalent); 第(二)类：使供方及（或）需方每年减少能源消费量最高相当于15 千兆瓦的提高能源效率项目活动； Energy efficiency improvement project activities which reduce energy consumption, on the supply and/or demand side, by up to the equivalent of 15 gigawatt hours per year; 第(三)类：既减少排放源的人为排放量又每年直接排放少于15 千吨二氧化碳当量的其它项目活动。 Other project activities that both reduce anthropogenic emissions by sources and directly emit less than 15 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent annually; Cop 17/CP7, 6（c） 2019/1/16

小规模CDM项目活动分类：SCC CDM project activity categories 第一类：可再生能源项目 Type I: Renewable energy projects 第二类：提高能源效率项目 Type II: Energy efficiency improvement 第三类：其他项目活动 Type III: Other project activities 2019/1/16

拆散情况：Debundling 拆散是指将一个大项目分成一些小的部分。 Debundling is defined as the fragmentation of a large project activity into smaller parts. 如果小规模CDM项目是一个大项目活动中的其中部分，则不具备小规模CDM项目资格。 A small-scale project activity that is part of a large project activity is not eligible to use the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities. Annex 7 Appendix C1 of the Simplified Modalities and Procedures for Small-Scale CDM project activities DETERMINING THE OCCURRENCE OF DEBUNDLING 1. Debundling is defined as the fragmentation of a large project activity into smaller parts. A small-scale project activity2 that is part of a large project activity is not eligible to use the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities3. The full project activity or any component of the full project activity shall follow the regula r CDM modalities and procedures. 2. A proposed small-scale project activity shall be deemed to be a debundled component of a large project activity if there is a registered small-scale CDM project activity or an application to register another small-scale CDM project activity: · With the same project participants; · In the same project category and technology/measure; and · Registered within the previous 2 years; and · Whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale activity at the closest point. 3. If a proposed small-scale project activity is deemed to be a debundled component in accordance with paragraph 2 above, but total size of such an activity combined with the previous registered small-scale CDM project activity does not exceed the limits for small-scale CDM project activities as set in paragraph 6 (c) of the decision 17/CP.7, the project activity can qualify to use simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities. 1 This appendix has been developed in accordance with the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities (contained in annex II to decision 21/CP.8, see document FCCC/CP/2002/7/Add.3) and it constitutes appendix B to that document. 2 A project activity is a measure, operation or an action that aims at reducing GHG emissions. The Kyoto Protocol and the CDM modalities and procedures use the term “project activity” as opposed to “project”. A project activity could therefore be a component/aspect of a project undertaken/planned. 3 For the full text of the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities see http://unfccc.int/cdm/ssc.htm. 2019/1/16

基准线与监测计划：Baseline and monitoring plans 小规模CDM项目活动的简化模式和程序附录B - 关于小规模CDM项目活动目录简化基准与监测计划指南 Appendix B of the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities - INDICATIVE SIMPLIFIED BASELINE AND MONITORING METHODOLOGIES FOR SELECTED SMALL-SCALE CDM PROJECT ACTIVITY CATEGORIES 2019/1/16

第一类：可再生能源项目 Type I: Renewable energy projects I.A. 用户/家庭发电 Electricity generation by the user I.B. 提供用户/企业的机械能 Mechanical energy for the user I.C. 提供用户的热能 Thermal energy for the user I.D. 满足一系统需求的电力生产 Renewable electricity generation for a grid 2019/1/16

第二类：提高能源效率项目 Type II: Energy efficiency improvement II. A.供方能源效率提高――传输和分配活动 Supply side energy efficiency improvements -Transmission and distribution II. B. 供方能源效率提高 - 能源生产 Supply side energy efficiency improvements – Generation II. C.需方特定技术的提高能效方案 Demand-side energy efficiency programmes for specific technologies II. D.工业设施的提高能效和燃料转换措施 Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for industrial facilities II.E. 建筑物的提高能效和燃料转换措施 Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for buildings 2019/1/16

第三类：其他项目活动 Type III: Other project activities III.A. 农业 Agriculture III.B. 矿物燃料转换 Switching fossil fuels III.C. 运输部门的减排 Emission reductions by low-greenhouse gas emission vehicles III.D甲烷回收 Methane recovery III.E. 甲烷避免 Methane avoidance 2019/1/16

新项目类别、基准线及监测计划: New project categories, baseline and monitoring plans 项目参与方可提出对所 规定的简化基准和监测方法学的修改建议，或提出附加的项目类别供执行理事会审议。 Project participants may propose changes to the simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies or propose additional project categories for consideration by the EB. 理事会将对建议的新项目类别和/或简化方法进行评审，一旦核可，理事会则当对附录B 进行修正。理事会每年对附录B 作一次审查，并在必要时对其作出修正。 The Executive Board shall review the proposed methodology. Once approved, the Executive Board shall amend appendix B. The Executive Board shall review and amend, as necessary, appendix B at least once a year. 对附录B 的任何修正都应当仅适用于在修正日期之后登记的项目活动，而不应当影响为其登记的抵消额入计期内已登记的清洁发展机制项目活动。 Any amendments to appendix B shall apply only to project activities registered subsequent to the date of amendment and shall not affect registered CDM project activities during the crediting periods for which they are registered. 2019/1/16

额外性：Additionality 项目参与方能够向一个指定经营实体证明该项目活动会由于以下障碍而无法开展 Project participants shall provide an explanation to show that the project activity would not have occurred anyway due to at least one of the following barriers: 投资障碍或；Investment barriers 技术障碍或；Technological barriers 流行实践障碍或； Barriers due to prevailing practice 其他障碍； Other barriers 2019/1/16

减排额入计期：Crediting period 减排额入计期最长为七年，最多可延长两次，条件是每次延长时指定的经营实体必须决定并告知执行理事会原项目基准依然有效，或者已经在考虑到适用的新数据的前提下得到更新 (a) A maximum of seven years which may be renewed at most two times, provided that, for each renewal, a designated operational entity determines and informs the Executive Board that the original project baseline is still valid or has been updated taking account of new data where applicable; 减排额入计期最长为十年，不得延长。 A maximum of 10 years with no option of renewal. 2019/1/16

小规模项目之特殊要求 Some specifics of the SCC CDM modalities 项目边界仅限于项目实际项目活动区域 Project boundary is limited to the physical project activity. 生物质项目及各类别项目均应考虑泄漏 Leakage shall be considered for biomass projects and as required for individual project categories 小规模CDM项目使用简化PDD Use the Simplified PDD for Small-Scale CDM Project Activities 只有在项目东道国有要求的情况下才需进行环境影响分析 Documentation on the analysis of environmental impacts is only necessary if required by the host Party 项目的参与者可以直接以书面的形式向CDM执行理事会建议修改简化的基准线和监测方法学 The project participants may propose changes to the simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies or propose additional project categories for consideration in writing directly to the CDM Executive Board. 2019/1/16