TO JIAN HU MIDDLE SCHOOL Gao Hua Yang 2005.04.12

动词不定式 一、定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 二、结构 to+动词原形do 三、用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语

句子 语法功能 作宾语 作宾补 作主语 作状语 作表语 作定语 指出下列句子中的动词不定式的语法功能 句子 语法功能 1. She wanted to borrow my CD player. 2. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 3. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4. She went to see her grandma last Sunday. 5. His job is to feed the chickens. 6. Have you got anything to say? 作宾语 作宾补 作主语 作状语 作表语 作定语

用所给动词的正确形式填空 I want _______ (do) it myself. Our teacher promised _______ (see) the movie with us. After you finish _______ (read) it, you must return it to me. He often practices _________ (speak) English with Mr Green. You’d better put off ________ (have) the meeting till next month. 作宾语（一） to do to see reading speaking having ①用不定式作宾语的动词有： want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, know, promise, teach, refuse, help, decide等。 ②用动名词作宾语的动词有： do, go, finish, enjoy, practice, keep, put off, give up等

作宾语（二） Please remember __________(turn) off the light when you leave. 用所给动词的正确形式填空 Please remember __________(turn) off the light when you leave. I remember ___________ (see)you somewhere before. They stopped _________(talk) when the teacher came in. They stopped _________(do) their work when the teacher came in. to turn seeing talking to do 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来做另一事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on doing 继续做同一件事

作宾语（三） 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。 如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 翻译下列句子 1、我们发现与他工作很困难。 We find ____________________________________. 2、我们认为保护树木很重要。 We think ___________________________________. 3、我们认为保持我们的环境干净整洁是我们的责任。 We believe __________________________________ ______________. it difficult to work with him it very important to protect the trees it our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy

作宾补（一） I told Bob _____ the TV since it was too late. 选择填充 I told Bob _____ the TV since it was too late. A. turn off B. turns off C. turning off D. to turn off 2. My parents asked me _____ home earlier yesterday. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 3. The bob often made him _____ twelve hours a day. A. work B. works C. worked D. to work D C A 1、后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask, tell, order, invite,teach, tell, want, wish等。 2、后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： 使役动词：let, make, have 感官动词：feel, listen, hear, look at, see, watch, notice 3、后面带to或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： help

作宾补（二） We often hear him _______(sing) this song in English. 用所给动词的正确形式填空 We often hear him _______(sing) this song in English. We heard him _______ (sing) in the next room yesterday. I saw her ______(go) shopping at this time yesterday. I always see her ______(go) shopping. 作宾补（二） sing singing going go 感官动词后即可跟省略的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是： 不定式作宾补：强调动作的全过程或经常性 现在分词作宾补：强调动作在进行

作主语 To walk after supper is important. 把下列句子该成同义句 To walk after supper is important. To play with snow in winter is interesting. To work out the problem is not easy. To fly to the moon in a spaceship must be great fun. 作主语 It is important to walk after supper. It is interesting to play with snow in winter. It is not easy to work out the problem. It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 动词不定式作主语时，常常用it来代替它放在句首作形式主语，而动词不定式放在句末作真正的主语。 注意：当用形容词作it的表语时 ①真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for短语来表示 例：It’s important for us to keep the water clean. ②当形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，则用of 例：It’s very kind of you to help me.

作状语 动词不定式作状语时，用来表示目的、原因、结果等，起副词的作用，用来修饰动词或形容词。 1、表示目的—作目的状语 例：He came here to give us a talk today. 2、表示原因—放在表示感情的形容词后修饰该形容词 例：I am glad to see you. 3、表示结果—和only, never连用，强调结果和失望的情绪 例：I hurried to get there only to find him out. 注意：动词不定式作状语和作宾语的区别： ①状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，但其并不是不可或缺的；而 一个句子若缺少了宾语，则整个句子就不完整了。 I hope to succeed.（作宾语） I’m glad to hear the news.（作状语） ②一般来说，如果不定式前面为及物动词，那么不定式此时就 充当宾语，如果不定式前面为不及物动词，那么此时不定式充当状语。 I hate to see you.（作宾语） I went to Beijing to study three years ago. （作状语） 作状语

作定语 动词不定式作定语时，放在名词后，起形容词的作用。 1、动词不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系 Students always have lots of homework to do.(动宾关系） He was always the first to come.（主谓关系） 2、如果不定式是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词为不定式动作的地点、工具时，不定式后面必须有相应的介词。 We have something new to look at today. 根据句意及所该的汉语提示完成下列句子 I need a pen ____________(写） I have to find a new room _________（居住） Please pass me some paper ________（写） The monkey thought it over, then he got a box ________ （站） to write with to live in write on stand on

该成同义句 动词不定式可以和疑问词连用，构成不定式短语。在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 疑问代词：who, what, which 例：1. How to do it is a question.（作主语） 2. I really don’t know what to write about.（作宾语） 3. I asked him how to learn English. （作宾补） 4. The question is where to put it.（作表语） 疑问代词：who, what, which 疑问副词：how, when, where等 How we should do it is a question. 该成同义句 I really don’t know what I should write about. I asked him how we should learn English. The question is where we should put it. 注意：“疑问词+不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时只需在疑问词后加一个适当主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。

______________ is unknown. 2、我忘了该怎么办。 I forgot _____________. 根据汉语补全下列英语译文 1、何时动身还不知道。 ______________ is unknown. 2、我忘了该怎么办。 I forgot _____________. 3、我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。 I can tell you _____________________. 4、困难是怎样跨过这条河。 The difficulty was ____________________. 5、他向我们显示怎样使用电脑。 He showed us _____________________. When to start what to do where to buy the book how to cross the river how to use a computer

下列每句中有一错误之处，请指出并改正 I not like eating bananas. The policeman told the boys don’t to play in the street. My mother asked me don’t to watch too much TV. The teacher made him don’t to talk loudly. I don’t like eating bananas. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. My mother asked me not to watch too much TV. The teacher made him not talk loudly. 动词不定式的否定形式结构： not+动词不定式to do sth