Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist

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Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist 若望福音對聖體聖事的觀點 施喜樂神父 (Fr. Joy Perera) 2012年2月1日

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 John, the beloved disciple, places before us the story of the Good News in a different format. He is distinct, but not separate from the Synoptic evangelists, Mark, Matthew and Luke. 1.耶穌所愛的門徒、若望,以獨特的方式將福音介紹給我們,與對觀福音 (馬爾谷、 瑪竇、路加) 截然不同, 但異曲同功

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 2. His story does not run from birth to death and resurrection as in Matthew and Luke, nor from baptism to death and resurrection as in Mark. It is develops around the epicentre of the victorious Paschal Mystery of the Lamb of God. 2. 瑪竇及路加的記載,由耶穌出生至死亡復活(逾越); 馬爾谷的記載, 由耶穌受洗至 死亡復活(逾越); 若望的記載, 卻環繞「天主 羔羊」的勝利 (逾越奧蹟)為核心 焦點,引伸發展

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 3. 對觀福音以三重「報喜」作開端: 馬爾谷: 宣布天國(谷1:1-15) 瑪竇: 宣布族譜(瑪1:1-17) 路加: 向瑪利亞報喜(路1:1-38) … 3. The Synoptics begin with a three-fold Annunciation: Mark: Annunciation of the Kingdom Matthew: Annunciation of a genealogy Luke: Annunciation to Mary …

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 3. …John begins with a lofty Prologue and ends with a missionary Epilogue (21) 若望卻以一段詩體的宣信「序言」(若1:1-18)開始,充滿福傳精神及末世意味的「附錄」(若21)作結

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 4. The story of the glory of the Father in the Son and through the Holy Spirit is what unfolds between this credal prologue and the Eschatological and missionary epilogue. 4. 宣信的「序言」 和末世及充滿福傳精神的「附錄」(若21)揭示了:藉聖神, 在子內,光榮歸於 父的故事

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist John’s Literary Approach Uniqueness of John’s Literary Approach 若望的文學特色 5. John’s approach is: Comprehensively Christological (Christocentric), Convincingly eschatological and Compellingly soteriological READ: John 20,30 5. 若望的特色: 以基督為中心 強調末世 強調救援 20:30耶穌在門徒前還行了許多其他的神蹟, 沒有記在這部書上。31這些所記錄的, 是為叫你們信耶穌是默西亞,天主子; 並使你們信的人,賴他的名獲得生命。

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist 6. John’s literary style is well-intended and lucidly theological. While more complex structures are quite common, let us take a look at a very basic framework which explains John’s theological approach. 6.若望的文學風格有其神學目標, 基本結構如下:

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist Chapter 1 - Prologue 序言 Chapter 2-11 - Testimony of Signs「神蹟」的見證 Chapter 12-20 - Testimony of the Hour「時辰」的見證 Chapter 21 - Epilogue 附錄

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist 7. Among many special literary features in John the following could be very useful for a theology of the Eucharist: Retrospective and Prospective reading of John’s Gospel 7. 從若望的 眾多文學特色,找出感恩祭的 神學: 若望福音的 「前呼」(溯源) 「後應」(預告)

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist 7. …Example: I am statements which refer back to Exodus 3,14 and look forward to Revelation 1,8.17 and 22,13 7. …例: 「我是」x 7 「前呼」出3:14 「我是自有者」 I AM who I AM (NRSV) 「後應」默1:8,17;22:13 「我是『阿耳法』和 『敖默加』」

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist Let us take John Chapter 6 and analyse how the Eucharistic discourse therein is Christocentric, eschatological and soteriological. 試看若6「論生命之糧」的 基督論 (如何講論基督是誰)、 末世論 (又如何實現「既成」 而「未遂」的救恩) 及 救援論 (耶穌如何拯救我們)

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist CHRISTOCENTRICITY Read: 6,28 Analyse Jesus’ response: 6, 29. 35-40. 43-51. 53-57 以基督為中心 6:28他們問說:「我們該做什麼,才算做天主的事業呢?」   分析耶穌的回答

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist CHRISTOCENTRICITY Read: 6,28 Analyse Jesus’ response: 以基督為中心 分析耶穌的回答 6:29耶穌回答說:「天主要你們所做的事業, 就是要你們信從他所派遣來的。」 6:35-40 35耶穌回答說:「我就是生命的食糧;到我這裡來的, 永不會飢餓;信從我的,總不會渴。36但是,我向你 們說過:你們看見了我,仍然不信。37凡父交給我的, 必到我這裡來;而到我這裡來的,我必不把他拋棄 於外,38因為我從天降下,不是為執行我的旨意, 而是為執行派遣我來者的旨意。39派遣我來者的旨意 就是:凡他交給我的,叫我連一個也不失掉,而且在 末日還要使他復活,40因為這是我父的旨意:凡看見子, 並信從子的,必獲得永生;並且在末日,我要使他復活。」

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist CHRISTOCENTRICITY Read: 6,28 Analyse Jesus’ response: 以基督為中心 分析耶穌的回答 6:43-51 43耶穌回答說:「你們不要彼此竊竊私議!44凡不是派遣我的父所吸引 的人,誰也不能到我這裡來,而我在末日要叫他復活。 45在先知書上記載:『眾人都要蒙天主的訓誨。』 凡由父聽教而學習的,必到我這裡來。46這不是說 有人看見過父,只有那從天主來的,才看見過父。 47我實實在在告訴你們:信從的人,必得永生。 48我是生命的食糧。49你們的祖先在曠野中吃過 『瑪納』,卻死了;50這是從天上降下來的食糧, 誰吃了,就不死。51我是從天上降下的生活的食糧; 誰若吃了這食糧,必要生活直到永遠。我所要賜給的 食糧,就是我的肉,是為世界的生命而賜給的。」

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist CHRISTOCENTRICITY Read: 6,28 Analyse Jesus’ response: 以基督為中心 分析耶穌的回答 6:53-57 53耶穌向他們說「我實實在在告訴你們:你們若 不吃人子的肉,不喝他的血,在你們內,便沒有生命。 54誰吃我的肉,並喝我的血,必得永生, 在末日,我且要叫他復活, 55因為我的肉,是真實的食品;我的血,是真實的飲料。 56誰吃我的肉,並喝我的血,便住在我內,我也住在他內。 57就如那生活的父派遣了我,我因父而生活; 照樣,那吃我的人,也要因我而生活。

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist CHRISTOCENTRICITY 以基督為中心 This is the LEX CREDENDI This is why true liturgy begins in Jesus, with Jesus and through Jesus. 這是信仰律 LEX CREDENDI: 真正的禮儀, 必須在耶穌內開始、與耶穌一起、 藉著耶穌而行

Christo-Centricity and Mediation Salvation was realised and accomplished through the Paschal Mystery of Jesus Christ. This is what we celebrate in our liturgy, namely the Passion, Death and the Resurrection of the Lord, and not simply events of our life cycle. It is somewhat disheartening to encounter some who are still of the view that we are free to decide the content of the Liturgy. Nothing could be further from the truth. It must be reiterated: the content of what we celebrate is the Passion, Death, Resurrection and the eschatological events that are connected to them. 基督中保 救援,是透過耶穌基督的 逾越奧蹟達成 (accomplished) 和實現 (realized)。 在禮儀中,我們慶祝主的 苦難、死亡和復活,而不 單單慶祝我們的生命周期。 我們絕不可隨意改變禮儀 的內容。真理不需要改良, 只要重申 (重述): 我們慶祝的內容,是主的 苦難、死亡、復活及相關 的末世事件。

Christo-Centricity and Mediation All liturgy is centered on Christ, and He is the one who begins all liturgy. It is only through Him, all praise is offered to the Father in the Holy Spirit, because it was only Christ who offered the perfect sacrifice of praise to the Father. Through the merits of what he accomplished, our offerings are now enabled to the Father in the Holy Spirit. 基督中保 所有禮儀都以基督為中心; 他是所有禮儀的肇始。 只有藉著基督,在聖神內, 一切讚美呈獻於父。因為唯 有基督,向天父獻上了最完 美的讚頌之祭。 藉著基督所達成的功勞,我 們才可以在聖神內,向天父 呈奉獻禮。

Christo-Centricity and Mediation 基督中保 SC – 1963禮儀憲章 MD – 1947 天人中保通諭 3 1 3 1 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series. 2 4 2

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist SOTERIOLOGY Read: 6, 39-40. 53-58 救援論 6:39-40 39「派遣我來者的旨意就是:凡他交給我的,叫我連一個也不失掉,而且在末日還要使他復活,40因為這是我父的旨意:凡看見子,並信從子的,必獲得永生;並且在末日,我要使他復活。」 6:53-58 53耶穌向他們說「我實實在在告訴你們:你們若不吃 人子的肉,不喝他的血,在你們內,便沒有生命。 54誰吃我的肉,並喝我的血,必得永生,在末日, 我且要叫他復活,55因為我的肉,是真實的食品; 我的血,是真實的飲料。56誰吃我的肉,並喝我的血, 便住在我內,我也住在他內。57就如那生活的父派遣 了我,我因父而生活;照樣,那吃我的人,也要因我 而生活。58這是從天上降下來的食糧,不像祖先吃了 『瑪納』仍然死了;誰吃這食糧,必要生活直到永遠。」

Eucharistic insights of John the Evangelist SOTERIOLOGY Read: 6, 39-40. 53-58 救援論 DISCUSS: How do the different elements of the Mass realise the soteriological dimension? Cue: How often do we talk of Everlasting Life during the Mass? 討論: 彌撒中的不同元素,如何實現「救援」 的幅度? 提示:在彌撒中 多少次提及 「永生」?

It makes Liturgy an ETERNAL NOW. Liturgy is a moment in the history of salvation' 禮儀是救恩史的一刻 禮儀成為「永恒的現在」 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series. It makes Liturgy an ETERNAL NOW.

From another perspective John’s Gospel supplies the Lex Vivendi principle, based on a strong covenant theology. John 6, 13 and 15 Compare John 13, 31-34 with Jeremiah 31, 31-34 另一方面,若望福音建基於一套有力的「盟約神學」, 提供了「生活律」 Lex Vivendi的原則 若6,13,15章 比較若13:31-34 與耶31:31-34 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

Compare John 13, 31-34 with Jeremiah 31, 31-34 若13:31-34 與 耶31:31-34 31猶達斯出去以後,耶穌就說:「現在人子受到了光榮,天主也在人子身上受到了光榮。32天主既然在人子身上得到了光榮,天主也要在自己內使人子得到光榮,並且立時就要光榮他。33孩子們!我同你們在一起的時候不多了;以後你們要尋找我,就如我曾向猶太人說過:我所去的地方,你們不能去;現在我也給你們說。34我給你們一條新命令:你們該彼此相愛;如同我愛了你們,你們也該照樣彼此相愛。 31「看,時日將到──上主的斷語──我必要與以色列家和猶大家訂立新約,32不像我昔日──握住他們的手,引他們出離埃及時──與他們的祖先訂立的盟約;雖然我是他們的夫君,他們已自行破壞了我這盟約──上主的斷語──33我願在那些時日後,與以色列家訂立的盟約──上主的斷語──就是:我要將我的法律放在的肺腑裡,寫在他們的心頭上;我要作他們的天主,他們要作我的人民。34那時,誰也不再教訓自己的近人或兄弟說:『你們該認上主』,因為不論大小,人人都必認識我──上主的斷語──因為我要寬恕他們的過犯,不再記憶他們的罪惡。」

Some Lex Vivendi insights from John chapter 6 Jesus wants to feed the multitude, be they believers or not. He asks Philip who was from Bethsaida whether he knew any place to buy the food. 若6的生活律 耶穌希望給大眾吃飽, 無論他們是否相信他。 他問貝特賽達的斐理伯: 可從那裡買餅給這些人吃 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

Some Lex Vivendi insights from John chapter 6 200 Denarii was more or less equal to a two-month salary. And even if they had the money where would they buy so much of bread from? The message is ABUNDANCE… Jesus came to give us life, and that in abundance! The Mass invites us to share that same love and life in abundance… 若6的生活律 二百塊『德納』,約等於當時一個人兩個月的收入。 即使他們有這麼多錢, 也買不到這麼多餅。 這訊息就是:豐盛...... 耶穌來,給我們生命, 而且是更豐盛的生命! 彌撒邀請我們分享同一 的愛和豐盛的生命...... Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

Some Lex Vivendi insights from John chapter 6 Andrew found a boy who had five loaves and two fish, reminiscent of the episode in 2 Kings 4, 42-44. Everything of that little was offered to be blessed by the Lord. 若6的生活律 安德肋找到一個兒童,有五個餅和兩條魚,讓人記起列下4:42-44的情景 42有一個人從巴耳沙里沙來,在自己的行囊裡,給天主的人帶來了初熟大麥作的二十個餅和一些新麥穗。厄里叟說:「分給眾人吃吧!」43僕人說:「我怎能將這一點東西擺在一百人面前呢?」厄里叟說:「你儘管分給眾人吃,因為上主這樣說:眾人吃了,還有剩餘。」 44於是僕人將食物擺在眾人面前,他們都吃了,並且還有剩餘,全應驗了上主的話。 就算這麼「少」的,都全獻出來,被主所祝福。 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

Some Lex Vivendi insights from John chapter 6 The scene of the institution narrative in the synoptics resemble the closed- door personal experience of the apostles. The Eucharistic actions in John 6 resemble a more-true-to-life challenging situation. These two scenes resemble the ritual and the actual Eucharist in life. 若6的生活律 對觀福音中,「建立聖體聖事敍述」,類同於宗徒們「關上門」的個人體驗。 若6「生命之糧」的行動, 則相似更接近現實生活的挑戰。 前者是儀式(禮儀);後者是 實踐。兩者皆反映出生命中真實的感恩祭。 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

Some Lex Vivendi insights from John chapter 13 Washing of the feet and the New Commandment Washing the feet of the one who would betray is an act of reconciling love. It makes us recall the role of the Suffering Servant in Isaiah. The spotless and innocent Lamb of God which is a Johannine insight. 若13的生活律 洗腳與新誡命 為將要出賣自己的人洗腳,是修和與愛的行為。它使我們記得依撒意亞先知書中的「受苦僕人」。若望指出耶穌就是那無殘疾、無辜的「天主的羔羊」。 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

The command is to love the Lord as He has demonstrated. The new commandment of love is given when Judas Iscariot has left the hall. The context is not one of defeat, but one that pertains to the glory of the Son of God. The command is to love the Lord as He has demonstrated. 按若望福音,猶達斯依斯加略離開晚餐廳後,耶穌才講出「愛的新誡命」。 如此,在基督身上, 「愛」沒有失敗,而是 彰顯出天主子的光榮。 這命令是:「愛」主, 如同他所「做」的。 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

In the Synoptics Do this in memory of me points to the sacrificial ritual, while in John it refers also to the washing of the feet. There are no more slaves. Jesus calls us His friends which is a revolutionary stance within covenant theology. Read: John 15, 12-17 在對觀福音,「你們要這樣做,紀念我」指的是祭獻儀式;但對若望而言,它指的是「為人洗腳」。 今後,再沒有奴隸。耶穌稱我們為朋友,就是「盟約神學」的革新思想 若15:12-17 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

若15:12-17 12「這是我的命令:你們該彼此相愛,如同我愛了你們一樣。13人若為自己的朋友捨掉性命,再沒有比這更大的愛情了。14你們如果實行我所命令你們的,你們就是我的朋友。 15我不再稱你們為僕人,因為僕人不知道他主人所做的事。我稱你們為朋友,因為凡由我父聽來的一切,我都顯示給你們了。 16不是你們揀選了我,而是我揀選了你們,並派你們去結果實,去結常存的果實;如此,你們因我的名無論向父求什麼,他必賜給你們。 17這就是我命令你們的:你們應該彼此相愛。」

This covenant theology is ritually lived in the institution narrative, in the penitential ritual and in the reception of Holy Communion. Alonso Schökel explains how this is realised within the penitential rituals. 這「盟約神學」, 以儀式的方式, 呈現於: 建立聖體聖事的敍述、 懺悔禮 (見Alonso Schökel的解釋), 以及領受共融聖事 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.

John was the beloved disciple who truly knew the pulse of the Lord. From another perspective the writings of John’s Gospel, his epistles and the Book of Revelation are like the Lex Credendi, Lex Orandi and the Lex Vivendi in an eschatological context. John was the beloved disciple who truly knew the pulse of the Lord. 從另一角度,若望福音、若望書信和默示錄, 都恰似在末世處境下的信仰律lex credendi、 祈禱律lex orandi、 生活律lex Vivendi。 若望正是耶穌所愛的那位門徒、耶穌的真知己,知道主的心意。 Good Morning! Today we will start a series from the book of Ephesians entitled, “Marks of a True Christian.” This is the first lesson in the series.