Special Lecture Of English Tenses 电大开放英语1 Special Lecture Of English Tenses ——英语时态专项讲座 华亭电大英语导学教师 李婷 2013.11.16

温馨提示：请先观看一则视频，由此引出本课件的内容。

教 学 设 计 教学目的： 结合视频内容，引导学生对时态知识进行了解和运用。 教学重点： 教学难点：各种时态的构成和区别。 教学理念：把英语时态简单化，规律化。 教学方法： 结合视频内容，引导学生对时态知识进行了解和运用。 时态含义，动词结构，时间标志和人称 变化。 归纳总结，分类记忆，练习巩固。

时态的定义： 各位学员： 视频观看结束，想必大家对英语时态已经有了初步的了解，现在就让我们来系统学习！ 英语中不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。由于动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。 　 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 时态的定义：

表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用。 过去时

一般过去时态（The Simple Past Tense)介绍 1.用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.时间状语： yesterday ,last night, this morning, in 1990 ,just now, two days ago 等。 3.频度副词:often, usually, always,hardly ever 等 eg: I often played it in 1990.

巧记动词过去时态 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事； be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志； 一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。 否定句式很简单，主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句式也不难，did放在主语前； 谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were, 否定就把not添。

1.When I _____a child, I often listened to music. 练一练： 1.When I _____a child, I often listened to music. 2. My father often______ to work by bus last year. was went

规则动词过去式的构成 只 变 双 work play worked played hope live hoped lived study 直 构成规则 原 形 过 去 式 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed work play worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d hope live hoped lived 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“ i”再加-ed study worry studied worried 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个辅音字母，再 加-ed stop trip stopped tripped 只 变 双

归纳总结 各种时态结构 一般时 一般现在时，动词用原型； 单数三人称，动词加“s” 。 一般过去时，动词加“ed”。 I work. 归纳总结 各种时态结构 一般现在时，动词用原型； 一般时 单数三人称，动词加“s” 。 一般过去时，动词加“ed”。 I work. He works. I worked.

进行时 现在进行时, am,is,are,-ing。 过去进行时, was,were,-ing。 例句：I am working. 例句：I was working.

一般将来时， 将来时 will加原型。 过去将来时， would加原型。 I will work. I would work.

现在完成时， 完成时 have/has加过分。 过去完成时， had 加过分。 I have worked. I had worked.

各种时态的用法 一、一般现在时 1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态 B.客观事实和真理。 2.标志词:always,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/… 1.The boy usually___(get) to school early. gets 2.Light ______(travel)faster than sound. travels

二、一般过去时 1.用法：过去的动作或状态。 2.标志词： yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month…,in the past；just now=a moment ago 点击考试 Li Ming didn’t understand what American people said,_____? A.couldn’t he B.could he C.didn’t he D.did he

三、现在进行时 1.用法： A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。 B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。 2.标志词：now,Look! Listen! 考试模拟： --Mike, who____football in the yard? --Let me go and see. A.has played B.will play C.was playing D.is playing

1.Look!What___the children___ over there? A.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.is doing 2.Those workers____here these months. A.are work B.are worked C.work D.are working 3.--How__you___along with your workmates? --Very well. A.do;get B.will;get C.can;get D.are;getting 4.--Must I water the flowers now? --No, you needn’t. Jack_____them. A.is watering B.watering C.waters D.is watered

注意 A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。 1.--Lucy! Would you like to give me a hand? --OK. I____. A.will come B.come C.am coming D.would come 2.--When____you____for Toronto? --Tomorrow. A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leave

B.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。 1.The boy ____always ____ us! (夸赞) A.is;helping B.does;help C.can;help D./;help 2.You ____ always _____ the same mistake! (责备) A.do;make B.does;make C.is;making D.are;making

2.标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when… 四、过去进行时 1.用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。 2.标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when… 1.Father______when I _____yesterday morning. A.still slept,got up B.was still sleeping,got up C.is sleeping,got up D.sleeps,get up A.picked，went B.was picking， went C.picked，was going D.was picking，was going

+V.(原型) 五、一般将来时 1.用法：将来的动作或状态。 2.结构：will shall be going to （第一人称） 3.标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next week/month/term…, from now on

4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别： 1 will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。 2 计划决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构。 3

1. There___two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A. are going to be. B 1.There___two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have 2.The twins____to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would go C.are go D.went 3.---When____we have the meeting? ---At 8. A.are B.shall C.would D.will 4.--When___you___for London? --Next week. A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left

六、过去将来时 1.用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。 2.结构：would was/were/going to 试题： +v.(原型) 1.--What did he say yesterday? --He said he____to Sydney next week. A.goes B.will go C.would go D.are going 2.--Did your son fail his English exam once again? --Yes, but he told me he____hard next term. A.studies B.is studying C.will study D.would study

七、现在完成时 1.用法： 影响：作业都做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？ 过去的动作对现在的影响。 I have finished my homework. 1 2 过去的动作持续到现在。 I have stayed here for an hour！ 这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么还不来？ 现在完成时 过去 现在

2.标志词： already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before, since+时间点,for+时间段

不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。) 3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点： 共同点：动作都在过去。 不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。) 4.易错点： 1 2 have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。） They have gone to Europe. (They are not here.) 1

have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回） I have been to Europe. (I am not in Europe now.) 2 have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。 I have been in Europe for three weeks. (I am now still in Europe .) 3

若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下： 5.瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下： begin/start be on go there be there leave be away get home be home die be dead open be open join be in / be a member of close be closed get to know know get married be married borrow keep come here be here buy have

1.The film began 5 minutes ago. 2.They left an hour ago. 3.The man died a week ago. 4.He joined the club 3 days ago. 5.They got married 10 years ago. 6.He came here an hour ago. 7.Jack got home 2 hours ago. 8.Mum opened the door just now. 9.They got to know 10 years ago. 10.I borrowed the book a week ago. 11.I bought the car a year ago. The film___ ___ ___ for 5 minutes. They____ ____ ____for an hour. The man___ ____ ____ for a week. He___ ____ ___the club for 3 days. They____ ____ _______for 10 years. He___ ____ here since an hour ago. Jack___ ____home for 2 hours. The door___ ____open for a while. They____ ______since 10 years ago. I____ _____the book for a week. I____ ____the car since a year ago. has been on have been away has been dead has been in have been married has been has been has been have known have kept have had

1.--What a nice bike! How long____you____it? --Just two weeks. A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had 2.--How long have you____here? --Since 1997. A.arrived B.moved C.come D.lived 3.--I can’t find my pen.____you____it anywhere? --No.Look!What’s that under your book? A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;see D.Had;seen 4.--I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. --Oh,not at all.I__here for only a few minutes. A.will be B.was C.am D.have been 5.I won’t go to see the film because I____the ticket. A.lost B.have lost C.will lost D.didn’t lost

They had got married when he came back. 八、过去完成时 现在完成时 1.用法：发生在 过去的过去的动作。 They had got married when he came back. got married came back 过去的过去 过去 现在 我来晚了！没希望了！ 终于结婚了！好幸福呀！

2.标志词： 注意： by the end of…,by the time…,when+一般过去时 过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。 1.We____learning 1000 words by the end of last term. A.finished B.have finished C.had finished D.finish 2.The train____when we got to the station. A.leaves B.have left C.were leaving D.had left 3.By the time he returned,his son____supper. A.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked D.was cooking

考题链接

时态综合试题 1.Sorry,I____to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment. A.won't come B.can't come C.didn't come D.shouldn't come 2.He_______this pen for five years.He______it in 1997. A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought 3.She_________the flowers in the garden when I_________to see her yesterday. A.watered，went B.was watering， went C.watered，was going D.was watering，was going 4.I don 't know if my friend_________.If he _________,I'll let you know. A.comes,comes B.comes, will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come 5.John said he_________ supper.He was quite full. A.had had B.was having C.had D.has eaten

6.There_________two parties next week. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 7.It______10 years since I______here. A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came 8.--Kate likes eating chocolate. --____. Look, she is eating. A.So Lucy does B.So does Lucy C.So they do D.So do they 9.Kate_________to bed until her mother_________back. A.won't go,come B.hadn't gone, came C.went,came D.didn't go,came 10.His brother_________from home for a long time. A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 11.--Lucy,___you____your ticket? --Not yet. A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find

12.--____to the United States? --No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago. A.Have you been B.Have you gone C.Did you go D.Have you went 13.The man who lived on the island thought he___ never____. A.will;found B.would;be found C.is;found B.had;been found 14.--I don’t know if his uncle____. --I think he___if it doesn’t rain. A.will come; comes B.will come; will come C.comes; comes D.comes; will come 15.--Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,__? --No,she got up too late. A.had she B.hadn’t she C.did she D.didn’t she 16.The flowers____well if they____. A.won’t grow; don’t take good care of B.don’t grow; are taken good care of C. won’t grow; are not taken care of D. don’t grow; don’t take care of

17.--Hurry up! It’s time to leave. --OK,____. A.I’m coming B.I’ll come C.I’ve come D.I come 18.There____an English evening next Tuesday. A.was B.will be C.will have D.are going to be 19. I must return the camera to Li Lei, I____it for two weeks. A.keep B.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent 20.--When__ this kind of computer__? --Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used 21.--Jerry,____you____your lost book? --Not yet. A.did;find B.have;found C.has; found D.do;find 22.--Don’t forget to post this letter for me,please! --No, I____. A.don’t B.won’t C.mustn’t D.can’t 23.Do you know if____back next week? If he____back,please let me know. A.he comes, will come B.will he come; comes C.he will come; comes D.will he come, will come

句式练习 That’s great√ 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) ______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ _____ she _____ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _____ there _____ orange in the cup? didn’t do Did find any How long did stay Was any

综合练习 用所给动词的正确形式填空 Did remember invented went was did get did went cooked 1.____ you ____ (remember) to buy the oranges? 2.Who ______ (invent) the computer? 3.We _____(go) to the cinema last night. The film ______(be) very good. 4.What time _____ you ______(get) to school this morning? 5.Jim _____ (do) a lot yesterday. He ______(go) shopping and ______ (cook) supper.

THE END